Okoye, S., Cold Fusion, The Unlimited Energy Source: A Myth Or Reality?, in NigeriaWorld. 2005.
Coauthors:Olayo, M.G., et al., Absorption of deuterium in titanium plates induced by electric discharges. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1998. 23: p. 885.
Coauthors: Cruz, G. J., Balderas, L., Melendez, L., Chavez, A., Valencia, R., Chavez, E., Flores, A., Lopez, R.Oleari, L. On the Probability of Collisions of the Nuclei in H2 and D2 Molecules. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.
Coauthors:Olemskoj, A.I. and E.A. Toropov, On the fluctuation theory of cold fusion. Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), 1990. 35(11): p. 1619 (in Russian).
Coauthors: Toropov, E. A.Oliphant, M.L., P. Harteck, and Rutherford, Transmutation Effects Observed with Heavy Hydrogen. Nature (London), 1934. 133: p. 413.
Coauthors: Harteck, P., RutherfordOlofsson, G., I. Wadsoe, and L. Eberson, Design and testing of a calorimeter for measurements on electrochemical reactions with gas evolution. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1991. 23: p. 95.
Coauthors: Wadsoe, I., Eberson, L.Ono, H., et al., Absorption and desorption of hydrogen and deuterium into palladium. Denki Tsushin Daigaku Kiyo, 1991. 4: p. 235 (in Japanese).
Coauthors: Takahashi, S., Morisaki, H., Yazawa, K.Oppenheimer, J.R. and M. Phillips, Note on the Transmutation Function for Deuterons. Phys. Rev., 1935. 48: p. 500.
Coauthors: Phillips, M.Oriani, R.A., et al., Calorimetric measurements of excess power output during the cathodic charging of deuterium into palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 652.
Coauthors: Nelson, J. C., Lee, S. K., Broadhurst, J. H.A Seebeck-effect calorimeter was used to establish that generation of energy, in excess of the electrical energy input, can occur during the electrolysis of D2O. The magnitude of the excess power is measured with respect to the electrolysis of H2O as the baseline. The excess power levels of >60 W/cm3 palladium and excess energies of 74 kJ cannot be understood in terms of recombination of D2 and O2 within the calorimeter, other chemical reactions, or a storage-and-relaxation mechanism.
Oriani, R.A. The Physical and Metallurgical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals (translation into Chinese). in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Coauthors:Translated by W.-S. Zhang.
Oriani, R.A. The Physical and Metallurgical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Coauthors:
Abstract
To attempt to optimize the anomalous phenomena that today go under the label “cold fusion” the experimentalist should be aware of the many aspects of the behavior of hydrogen in metals and of its entry into and egress from metals. This paper discusses the equilibrium characteristics of the isotopes of hydrogen in metals. The first section discusses the thermodynamics of the terminal solutions of metal-hydrogen systems including the enthalpies of solutions, H-H interactions, effect of third elements, distribution of isotopes between the phases, site occupation, and the molar volume of hydrogen in metallic solutions.
Oriani, R.A. A Brief Survey of Useful Information About Hydrogen in Metals. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
Coauthors:
introduction
Because cold fusion phenomena are notoriously erratic, and the parameters necessary to obtain reproducible and consistent results are poorly understood it is important to be aware of what is known about the state of hydrogen in metals and of the dynamics of its entry into and release from a metal. This short paper cannot do more than indicate some of the important areas; the interested reader can obtain more information by reading the references (1-3).
Oriani, R.A., An investigation of anomalous thermal power generation from a proton-conducting oxide. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 281.
Coauthors:
Abstract
A high-temperature Seebeck effect calorimeter, in which the thermoelectric emf across a large-area enveloping thermopile is a measure of the heat flux from a power source, has been constructed to examine the claimed generation of excess thermal energy from a proton-conducting oxide immersed in deuterium gas. The claim has been confirmed in a few experiments out of many unsuccessful ones.
Oriani, R.A., Anomalous heavy atomic masses produced by electrolysis. Fusion Technol., 1998. 34: p. 76.
Coauthors:Oriani, R.A. Anomalous Heavy Atomic Masses Produced by Electrolysis. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Coauthors:
abstract
By applying to electrolysis cathodes a technique that produces essentially only oxides that are volatile at room temperature, spectroscopically determined masses between 222 and 351 are found that cannot be ascribed to known compounds. In particular the masses found between 231 and 240 AMU cannot be ascribed to random signals but do correspond to CO2 the carbon of which is a neutron-rich nuclide as predicted by a recent theory of polyneutron nuclear reactions.
Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher, Generation of Nuclear Tracks during Electrolysis. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 2002. 41: p. 6180-6183.
Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.
PLEASE NOTE! The printer made a major error in this paper. The version in our library is correct. The abstract begins:
We show that energetic charged particles are produced during electrolysis of a D2O solution of Li2SO4 in a cell with a platinum anode and a palladium cathode. CR-39 plastic detectors, designed for recording alpha particles from radon decay, were immersed in the electrolyte during electrolysis. They recorded significantly larger numbers of energetic particle tracks than were recorded by control detectors not subject to electrolysis. Statistical analysis shows only a 3 * 10-6 probability that the electrolysis tracks and the control tracks could have arisen from a common population. We conclude that there is a causal relationship between electrolysis and the production of energetic charged particles. Because track formation requires particle energies substantially greater than thermal or electrochemical energies it seems inescapable that a nuclear reaction was responsible.
Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher. Detection of Energetic Charged Particles During Electrolysis. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.By the use of Cr-39 particle track detectors immersed in the electrolyte, we confirm that a nuclear reaction of as-yet unknown nature can take place during electrolysis. With Li2SO4 dissolved in D2O or H2O and either Pd or Ni as cathodes, a very large statistical difference in nuclear track generation is found between detector chips immersed during electrolysis and the control chips immersed in similar solutions not subjected to electrolysis. The probability that the electrolysis tracks and the control tracks could have by chance arisen from a common population is 2.5 x 10-5, 1.2 x 10-6, and 5.8 x 10-4 for the systems Pd/D2O, Pd/H2O, and Ni/D2O, respectively. We conclude that there is a causal relationship between electrolysis and energetic charged particles and that neither Pd nor D2O is essential for the generation of a nuclear reaction. Some implications for theoretical considerations are presented.
Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher. Energetic Charged Particles Produced in the Gas Phase by Electrolysis. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.
abstract
CR-39 plastic detector chips suspended in the vapor over the electrolytic solution during electrolysis record the tracks of highly energetic charged particles. The probability that the track densities found in these detector chips and the generally smaller track densities found in controls belong to a common population is 3 x 10-10 by the Mann-Whitney statistical test. It is therefore concluded that a nuclear reaction that originates in the vapor phase can accompany electrolysis. Occasionally huge numbers of nuclear tracks are recorded by detector chips in the vapor over active electrolysis cells. One such experiment is analyzed in which two contiguous detector chips recorded approximately 40,000 tracks. Analysis of track orientations shows that the shower of charged particles originated in a compact source in the vapor between the chips at about 2 mm from one of the chips. A new type of nuclear reaction is indicated.
Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher. Energetic particle shower in the vapor from electrolysis. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.
Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.Approximately 40,000 energetic charged particles were recorded in a pair of plastic detector chips suspended in the vapor over an active electrolysis cell. Particle track locations and orientations were revealed by examining the etch pits produced by chemical etching. Analysis of track orientations indicates that the shower originated in a compact source in the vapor between the chips. The total magnitude of the shower is estimated to have been 150,000 particles and its duration is estimated to have been a few seconds. A previously unknown type of nuclear reaction is indicated.
Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher. Nuclear reactions produced in an operating electrolysis cell. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.
Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.We report the results of experiments in which CR-39 plastic particle-detection chips were exposed in various environments within and surrounding operating electrolysis cells. Because CR-39 detectors record only particles with energies in excess of about 0.2 MeV the detected particles must have arisen in nuclear reactions. Evidence for such reactions was found in deuterium gas behind a palladium cathode that served as part of the cell enclosure, in air behind a similarly disposed nickel cathode, in air beyond the glass wall of the electrolysis cell, and in oxygen gas above the anode when anode and cathode were placed in separate arms of a U-tube cell. These results, augmented by earlier work indicating nuclear reactions within the electrolyte and in the hydrogen-oxygen gas over the electrolyte, cannot be understood in terms of conventional nuclear theory.
Oriani, R.A. Reproducible Evidence For The Generation Of A Nuclear Reaction During Electrolysis. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.
Coauthors:Past work in this laboratory has shown that nuclear particles generated during electrolysis can be registered by CR39 plastic detectors held within the electrolyte solution, suspended in the vapor above the solution, or placed just below the metal cathode that serves as the bottom of the electrolyte compartment of the electrolysis cell. However, not every electrolysis experiment produced nuclear particles so that total reproducibility was not achieved. Therefore another experimental technique has been developed which has shown the generation of nuclear particles in each of twenty five consecutive electrolysis experiments using heavy or light water solutions of lithium salts. The damage trails caused by the nuclear particles are made visible by etching in hot concentrated caustic solution, and the electrolysis experiments are accompanied by suitable blank, or control, experiments. The damage trails begin either at the surface of the CR39 chip that faces toward the electrolyte, at the opposite surface, or totally within the 0.83 mm thickness of the plastic detectors. It is demonstrated that the nuclear damage trails could not have been caused by ordinary radionuclides contaminating anything involved in the experimental procedure. The described phenomena pose a formidable challenge to nuclear theory.
Osman, F., et al., Supporting the Josephson Interpretation of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions and Stabilization of Nuclear Waste. Am. J. Applied Sci. 2, 2005. 6: p. 1049-1057.
Coauthors: Hora, H., Li, X. Z., Miley, G. H., Kelly, J.Abstract: Brian Josephson appealed at the meeting of the Nobel Laureates July 2004 against the ignorance of physicist to the phenomenon of cold fusion. Though there are good reasons against many publications to this topic but not to all what was reported. It seems to be indicated to summarize the following serious, reproducible and confirmed observations on reactions of protons or deuterons incorporated in host metals such as palladium, nickel and other metals. We underline the confusing discovery by Cockroft and Oliphant with the anomalously low energy for nuclear reactions which was hundred times lower than in the usual cases when smashing nuclei against their Coulomb potential. A similar unexpected result was that of Otto Hahn’s-the chemist!-discovery of fission that had changed the world. A significant result for cold fusion was seen in gaseous atmosphere or discharges between palladium targets, rather significant and fully reproducible, e.g. from the “life after death” heat production of such high values per host atom that only nuclear reactions can be involved. This supports the earlier evaluation of neutron generation in fully reversible experiments with gas discharges hinting that a reasonable screening effect-preferably in the swimming electron layer-may lead to reactions at nuclear distances d of picometers with reaction probability times U of about megaseconds similar to the K-shell capture radioactivity. Further electrolytic experiments led to Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) where the involvement of pollution could be excluded from the generation of very seldom rare earth elements. A basically new theory for DD cross sections is used to confirm the picometer-megasecond reactions of cold fusion. Other theoretical aspects are given from measured heavy element distributions similar to the standard abundance distribution, SAD, in the Universe with consequences on endothermic heavy nuclei generation, magic numbers and to quarkgluon plasmas. One application may be the elimination of long lived nuclear waste by transmutation into stable nuclei.
Osterwalder, J. and L. Schlapbach, Unoccupied Electronic States in Cerium Hydrides. Physica B, 1985. 130: p. 524.
Coauthors: Schlapbach, L.Ota, K., et al. Heat Production at the Heavy Water Electrolysis Using Mechanically Treated Cathode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Coauthors: Kuratsuka, M., Ando, K., Iida, Y., Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N.Ota, K., et al. Heat Measurement of Water Electrolysis Using Pd Cathode and the Electrochemistry. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Coauthors: Yoshitake, H., Yamazaki, O., Kuratsuka, M., Yamaki, K., Ando, K., Iida, Y., Kamiya, N.Ota, K., H. Yoshitake, and N. Kamiya, Present status of cold fusion. Hyomen Kagaku, 1993. 14(9): p. 570 (in Japanese).
Coauthors: Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N.Ota, K., et al. Effect of Boron for the Heat Production at the Heavy Water Electrolysis using Palladium Cathodes. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
Coauthors: Yamaki, K., Tanabe, S., Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N.Ota, K. and T. Kobayashi, Cold fusion and calorimetry. Netsu Sokutei, 1997. 24(3): p. 138 (Japan., Engl. abstr.).
Coauthors: Kobayashi, T.Ota, K., et al., Effect of boron for the heat production during the heavy water electrolysis using palladium cathode. Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, 1998. 6(1): p. 26.
Coauthors: Kobayashi, T., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.Ota, K., et al. Heat Measurement During the Heavy Water Electrolysis using Pd Cathode. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Coauthors: Kobayashi, T., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.Ota, K., et al. Some Experimental Results on Heat Measurement During Water Electrolysis. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.
Coauthors: Okabe, T., Kudoh, H., Fujii, M., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.Oya, Y., et al. Hydrogen Isotope Effect Induced by Neutron Irradiation in Pd-LiOD(H) Electrolysis. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
Coauthors: Ogawa, H., Ono, T., Aida, M., Okamoto, M.Oya, Y., et al. Material Conditions to Replicate the Generation of Excess Energy and the Emission of Excess Neutrons. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Coauthors: Ogawa, H., Aida, M., Iinuma, K., Okamoto, M.
Abstract
The key parameters for occurrence of the anomalous phenomena, especially excess heat generation and emission of excess neutrons, have been investigated through a series of electrolytic experiments in Pd-LiOD(H) systems. Seven key parameters are identified. In the present work, a series of systematic experiments has been carried out with some parameters fixed. By controlling the key parameters completely, the anomalous phenomena with appreciable correlation between the excess heat generation and the excess neutron emission can be replicated successfully.
Oya, Y., et al. The Role of Alkaline Ions in Dynamic Movement of Hydrogen Isotopes in Pd. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Coauthors: Aida, M., Iinuma, K., Okamoto, M.
ABSTRACT
Electrolysis in Pd-LiOD(H), NaOD(H) and KOD(H) systems was carried out to clarify the specific role of the lithium for tremendously high density and the dynamic movement of the deuterium on the surface of the Pd cathode. Only for LiOD system with pulse mode current electrolysis, anomalous high density of deuterium and lithium and the dynamic movement of deuterium are observed on the surface of the Pd cathode. A clear difference in absorption, desorption and depth profiles between LiOD(H) and NaOD(H) or KOD(H) system with the pulse mode current electrolysis is identified. This difference is attributed to the lithium accumulation structure on the Pd surface; only the pulse mode current electrolysis of Pd-LiOD system brings about the anomalous phenomena.
Oyama, N., et al., Electrochemical calorimetry of D2O electrolysis using a palladium cathode - an undivided, open cell system -. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1990. 63: p. 2659.
Coauthors: Ohsaka, T., Hatozaki, O., Kurasawa, Y., Yamamoto, N., Kasahara, S., Ohta, N., Imai, Y., Oyama, Y., Nakamura, T., Shibata, T., Imamura, M., Uwamino, Y., Shibata, S.Oyama, N., et al., Probing absorption of deuterium into palladium cathodes during D2O electrolysis with an in situ electrochemical microbalance technique. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2, 1990. 29(5): p. L818.
Coauthors: Yamamoto, N., Hatozaki, O., Ohsaka, T.
This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
The in situ observation of the absorption of deuterium (or hydrogen) into the Pd cathode during D2O (or H2O) electrolysis was made by an electrochemical microbalance technique which is based on the quartz-crystal electrode. The resonant frequency of the Pd-coated quartz-crystal electrode decreased with increasing amount of charge passed during electrolysis, and the frequency change for the D2O electrolysis was about twice that for the H2O electrolysis. The atom ratios of H/Pd and D/Pd of the H-Pd and D-Pd compounds resulting from the electrolysis were estimated to be 0.59 and 0.57, respectively.
Oyama, N. and O. Hatozaki, Present and future of cold fusion - nuclear fusion induced by electrochemical reaction. Oyo Butsuri, 1991. 60: p. 220 (in Japanese).
Coauthors: Hatozaki, O.Oyama, N., et al. Electrochemical Calorimetry of D2O Electrolysis Using a Palladium Cathode in a Closed Cell System. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Coauthors: Terashima, T., Kasahara, S., Hatozaki, O., Ohsaka, T., Tatsuma, T.Oyama, N., N. Yamamoto, and T. Tatsuma. In-Situ Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Water Electrolysis at a Palladium Cathode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Coauthors: Yamamoto, N., Tatsuma, T.Oyama, N., et al. In situ interferometric microscopy of Pd electrode surfaces and calorimetry during electrolysis of D2O solution containing sulfur ion. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
Coauthors: Ozaki, M., Tsukiyama, S., Hatozaki, O., Kunimatsu, K.Oyama, Y., Very low level flux neutron measurement with an NE213 liquid scintillator. Hoshasen, 1990. 16: p. 15 (in Japanese).
Coauthors:Ozdemir, P., The Energy Release Mechanism of Newley-Formed Alpha Bosons in a Quantum Crystal Lattice. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(2): p. 45.
Coauthors:Packham, N.J.C., et al., Production of tritium from D2O electrolysis at a palladium cathode. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 270: p. 451.
Coauthors: Wolf, K. L., Wass, J. C., Kainthla, R. C., Bockris, J.
INTRODUCTION
In the present communication, we report data that may be relevant to the phenomenon of room temperature fusion. It is the contention of the authors that the alleged phenomenon is better characterized by the production of nuclear particles than by the measurement of bursts of heat. Here, we describe the observation of tritium produced in eleven D2O electrolysis cells at levels 102-105 times above that expected from the normal isotopic enrichment of electrolysis. Particular attention has been paid to possible sources of contamination.
Page, W.S. and D. Page. Two-dimensional Proton Conductors. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
Coauthors: Page, D.Palamalai, A., et al., Preliminary experimental studies on electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium. Trans. SAEST, 1990. 25: p. 73.
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Coauthors: Harith, M. A., Salvetti, G., Singh, D. P., Vaselli, M.Palibroda, E. and P. Gluck, Cold nuclear fusion in thin foils of palladium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1991. 154: p. 153.
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Coauthors: Peters, K., Guenther, P.Paneth, F., The transmutation of hydrogen into helium. Nature (London), 1927. 119: p. 706.
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Coauthors:Para, A.F., et al., Neutron Monitoring and Related Measurements During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium and Titanium Cathodes: Activity Report. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 131.
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Coauthors: Lamb, W. E.Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, Cold fusion in palladium: a more realistic calculation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1990. 87: p. 8652.
Coauthors: Lamb, W. E.Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, More cold fusion in metals: corrected calculations and other considerations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1990. 87: p. 3177.
Coauthors: Lamb, W. E.Parmenter, R.H., A possible scenario for the onset of cold fusion in deuterated metals. Infinite Energy, 1998. 4(21): p. 41.
Coauthors:It is suggested that a pair of deuterons in a deuterated metal may resonant-tunnel through the Coulomb barrier separating them and form a helium isomer characterized by L = 1, S = 1 and odd parity. . . .
Parmenter, R.H., Enhancement of Cold Fusion Processes in Palladium by Catalytic Agents. Infinite Energy, 2002. 8(43): p. 66.
Coauthors:The process of fusion of a pair of deuterons into an α particle in palladium metal can be enhanced by the presence of free protons. The process of fusion of lithium 6 and a deuteron into a pair of α particles can be enhanced by the presence of free neutrons. . . .
Parmigiani, F. and P.G. Sona, Theoretical considerations on the cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 913.
Coauthors: Sona, P. G.Paseka, I. and J. Vondrak, Cold nuclear fusion. Chem. Listy, 1990. 84: p. 897 (in Czech).
Coauthors: Vondrak, J.Passell, T.O. Overview and Status of the EPRI Program on Deuterated Metals. in ASME Joint International Power Generation Conference. 1994. Phoenix, AZ.
Coauthors:Passell, T.O. Charting the Way Forward in the EPRI Research Program on Deuterated Metals. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
Coauthors:Passell, T.O., Radiation data reported by Wolf at Texas A&M as transmitted by T. Passell. 1995, EPRI.
Coauthors:
ABSTRACT
Three cells were electrolyzed in series at constant low current 42 days near a neutron detector of low background (40 counts/hr) using a protocol of adding boron and aluminum at 0.001 molar to the 0.1 molar LiOD electrolyte at ~18th day. Cathodes were loaded with deuterium at a few 10’s of milliamps/cm2, with a 12-hour cryogenic treatment at day 17. Cathodes were sanded and replaced in the cell every 7 days. On the ~21st & 22nd days two successive fast neutron episodes were observed at about 2 times background. The neutron detector is minimally sensitive to gamma rays but gammas were observed near the end of the 20-hour neutron episode. When the cells were dismantled in late Sept 1992, all three cathodes (6 mm diameter x 60 mm long) were observed to be mildly radioactive. Analysis by germanium gamma detectors revealed presence of 100 billion atoms of Ag, Pd, Rh, and (one) Ru isotopes having ratios unlike those from bombardment by high-energy deuteron or proton beams.
Passell, T.O., Overview of EPRI Program in Deuterated Metals. J. New Energy, 1996. 3(4): p. 1.
Coauthors:Passell, T.O. Search for nuclear reaction products in heat-producing palladium. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
Coauthors:Passell, T.O. Search for Nuclear Reaction Products in Heat-Producing Pd. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Coauthors:Passell, T.O. and R. George. Trace Elements Added to Palladium by Exposure to Gaseous Deuterium. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.
Coauthors: George, R.
ABSTRACT
This is an experimental program to investigate possible trace element changes brought about in palladium (Pd) after extensive electrolysis in heavy water electrolytes as well as long time contact of particulate Pd with gaseous deuterium. Of particular interest are cathodes and particulate Pd which had experienced episodes of excess heat production beyond all electrical and other inputs. This paper details the careful analysis by neutron activation analysis (NAA) of a set of three samples of finely powdered Pd exposed to high deuterium pressures (hundreds of atmospheres) near room temperature at the core of hollow cylindrical Pd cathodes. A fourth sample of unused Pd powder from the same batch used in the cathodes was analyzed as a control. The most prominent change observed in the three active samples versus the virgin Pd was the Zn-64 content. The active samples showed an increase in the Zn-64 isotope of 6 to 14 times that in the virgin Pd. Speculation regarding the source of this increased zinc varies from contamination during electron beam welding (used to seal off the hollow core) to nuclear reactions generated by high pressure deuterium gas on the large surface area Pd particles in the core.
Passell, T.O. Pd-110/Pd108 Ratios and Trace Element Changes in Particulate Palladium Exposed to Deuterium Gas (PowerPoint slides). in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors:PowerPoint slides for this paper.
Passell, T.O. Pd-110/Pd108 Ratios and Trace Element Changes in Particulate Palladium Exposed to Deuterium Gas. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors:
ABSTRACT
Changes in Pd-110/Pd-108 ratios as well as the concentration of silver, gold, zinc, cobalt, iridium and lithium-7/6 ratios have been measured using neutron activation analysis (NAA) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) on a set of four samples of particulate palladium exposed to high-pressure deuterium gas in the hollow core of Arata-Zhang cathodes. Three samples were from cathodes producing excess heat (10’s of megajoules) over a period of several-months electrolysis, while the fourth was virgin powder from the same batch as that of the active samples. If a nuclear process is the source of these changes, then multi-isotope elements such as silver, zinc, and iridium should show significant deviations in their isotopic ratios from the natural terrestrial values. Surface trace lithium did indeed show such differences from that of the virgin material. The Ag-109/107 ratio is currently under study by accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS) for the one sample showing the greatest difference in Ag-109 content from that of the virgin material. Since these variations may have explanations unrelated to nuclear reactions, these results are not yet definitive. The 8% increase in the Pd-110/108 ratio for one of the four samples relative to the virgin material is one of the most difficult for which to find a conventional explanation.
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This article is available at:
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.11/wired25.html
Life is short.
Especially when you’re determined to break all the rules.
In any age, there are a few people who give the rest of us something we can truly aspire to - and never more so than today. Meet the Wired 25, class of 1998. They are actively, even hyperactively, inventing tomorrow. From a wide range of professions, they have one thing in common: devotion to a singular ambition. They are attempting the impossible, and whether they succeed or fail, they will have a lasting impact on your life (and the lives of your kids).
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This article is available at:
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.11/coldfusion.html
It was the most notorious scientific experiment in recent memory - in 1989, the two men who claimed to have discovered the energy of the future were condemned as imposters and exiled by their peers. Can it possibly make sense to reopen the cold fusion investigation? A surprising number of researchers already have.
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Coauthors:
This news article is archived here:
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/technology/archive/1999/03/15/coldfusion.dtl
On Friday, March 26, 1999, the director of Menlo Park-based SRI International's Energy Research Center, Dr. Michael McKubre, will present the results of SRI's 10-year, $6 million-dollar effort to replicate the cold-fusion experiments of chemists Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann.
McKubre's startling conclusion: Pons and Fleischmann were on to something.
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Coauthors:
This news article is archived here:
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/technology/archive/1999/05/17/coldfusion2.dtl
Two months ago, I reported that Dr. Michael McKubre, an electrochemist at Menlo Park-based SRI, was, like other researchers, generating unaccounted-for heat in a carefully-controlled cold fusion experiment. . . .
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Coauthors:
This news article is archived here:
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/gate/archive/2002/03/25/tbltpfusion.DTL
Science magazine dropped a bombshell earlier this month: The prestigious journal published a paper by a team of researchers at Tennessee's Oak Ridge National Laboratory who say they have discovered evidence of what looks like nuclear fusion taking place in a relatively inexpensive tabletop device.
The findings bear striking similarities to the controversial cold-fusion claims made by chemists Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann in 1989, although the particular experiment is different.
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Abstract
We have described elsewhere . . . that Pd and Pd-alloy electrodes cathodically polarised in D2O solutions under extreme conditions can drive the calorimetric cells to the boiling point. We have then adopted the procedure of allowing the cells to boil to dryness. For these conditions the galvanostats are driven to the rail voltage (100 V) but the cell current is reduced to zero. We have then found that cells which contained D2O frequently remain at high temperatures (in the vicinity of 100°C) before cooling rapidly to the bath temperature. Cells containing H2O can also be driven to the boiling point but such cells cool immediately on terminating the experiments.
This phenomenon has become known as “Heat after Death” (the death referring to cessation of polarisation). Calibrations of the cells for such conditions show the generation of high levels of enthalpy at zero enthalpy input.
Methods of investigating such systems will be outlined.
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The possibility of D-D nuclear fusion in some deuterium-metal systems, under ambient conditions, has aroused feverish worldwide interest. Most of the work reported, so far, concerns deuterium charging of Pd metal through electrolysis of D2O.
In the Chemistry Division, we have carried out some experiments on the deuteriding behaviour of Ti metal, through gaseous route, in the absorption as well as desorption modes, with the view to look for the fusion products, neutrons in the present case. These kinds of experiments have been reported by Frascatti Group in Italy. These authors detected neutron emission lasting over a period of several hours.
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Coauthors:Ransford, H.E. and S.J. Pike. Apparatus for Safely ExtendingCold Fusion Investigations to High Temperature, Pressure and Input Power Regimes. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Coauthors: Pike, S. J.Ransford, H.E., Apparatus for Safely Extending Cold Fusion Investigations to High Temperature, Pressure and Input Power Regimes. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 78.
Coauthors:Ransford, H.E., Non-Stellar nucleosynthesis: Transition metal production by DC plasma-discharge electrolysis using carbon electrodes in a non-metallic cell. Infinite Energy, 1999. 4(23): p. 16.
Coauthors:Rant, J., et al., Methods for in-situ detection of cold fusion in condensed matter. Kerntechnik, 1990. 55: p. 165.
Coauthors: Ilic, R., Skvarc, J., Sutej, T., Budnar, M., Miklavzic, U.Rao, K.A., Technique for Concentration of Helium in Electrolytic Gases for Cold Fusion Studies, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 11.
Coauthors:Rao, K.R. and S.L. Chaplot, Computer experiments concerning palladium-deuterium and titanium-deuterium lattices - implications to phenomenon of low-energy nuclear reaction. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 355.
Coauthors: Chaplot, S. L.Ratkje, S.K. and B. Hafskjold, Local heat effects by electrolysis of heavy water. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 273: p. 269.
Coauthors: Hafskjold, B.Raub, E. and W. Plate, ãber das verhalten der edelmetalle und ihrer legierungen zu sauerstoff bei hoher temperatur im festen zustand. Z. Metallkde, 1957. 48: p. 529.
Coauthors: Plate, W.Raub, E. and W. Plate, ‹ber das verhalten der edelmetalle und ihrer legierungen zu sauerstoff bei hoher temperatur im festen zustand. Z. Metallkde, 1957. 48: p. 529.
Coauthors: Plate, W.Ray, M.K.S., et al., The Fleischmann-Pons phenomenon - a different perspective. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 395.
Coauthors: Saini, R. D., Das, D., Chattopadhyay, G., Parthasarathy, R., Garg, S. P., Venkataramani, R., Sen, B. K., Iyengar, T. S., Kutty, K. K., Wagh, D. N., Bajpai, H. N., Iyer, C. S. P.Redey, L., et al., Calorimetric measurements on electrochemical cells with Pd-D cathodes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 249.
Coauthors: Myles, K. M., Dees, D., Krumpelt, M., Vissers, D. R.Rees, L.B., Cold Fusion: What Do We Know? What Do We Think? J. Fusion Energy, 1991. 10(1): p. 111.
Coauthors:Rehm, K.E., W. Kutschera, and G.J. Perlow, Search for protons from the 2H(d,p)3H reaction in an electrolytic cell with palladium-platinum electrodes. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 41(1): p. 45.
Coauthors: Kutschera, W., Perlow, G. J.Reifenschweiler, O., Reduced radioactivity of tritium in small titanium particles. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 184: p. 149.
Coauthors:By heating a TiT0.0035 preparation consisting of extremely small monocrystalline particles (diameter ≈ 15 nm) a decrease of the radioactivity by 40% was observed. In further experiments the concentration of tritium in such preparations was varied (TiTx experiments) showing that the radioactivity of the tritium increased less than proportionally to its concentration. Careful analysis of the experiments seems to rule out the possibility of trivial errors. A provisional hypothetical explanation is formulated. Our experiments may point to a connection with cold DD-fusion.
Reifenschweiler, O. Some Experiments on the Decrease of Radioactivity of Tritium Sorbed by Titanium. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
Coauthors:
Abstract
A sharp decrease of the radioactivity of tritium was observed when the hydrogen isotope is sorbed by small monocrystalline particles of titanium and the preparation is heated to several hundred degrees centigrade. In other experiments the concentration of tritium in such preparations was varied, showing that the radioactivity of the tritium increased less than proportionally to its concentration. A first attempt is presented to explain these remarkable effects in terms of a “nuclear pair hypothesis”.
Reifenschweiler, O., Some experiments on the decraease of tritium radioactivity. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 261.
Coauthors:Reifenschweiler, O., Some experiments on the decrease of tritium radioactivity. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 261.
Coauthors:Reifenschweiler, O., About the possibility of decreased radioactivity of heavy nuclei. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 291.
Coauthors:Reifenschweiler, O., Cold Fusion and Decrease of Tritium Radioactivity, in LENR-CANR.org. 2003.
Coauthors:In recent papers (1, 2, 3, 4) the author has deduced from experiments with tritium (5) that during heating of a TiT0.0035 -preparation and of a TiT0.0035-preparation the radioactivity of the tritium decreased strongly. This strange effect was distinctly confirmed by the observation that with the TiT0.0035-preparation the radioactivity decreased 12.5 times stronger than the release of tritium (2,3,4). A quite independent proof of the strong decrease of λ of tritium could be obtained by a thermodynamic evaluation of the heating experiment with the TiT0.0035-preparation: Assuming that λ of tritium decreases to zero or nearly zero in a part of the tritons enables the determination of the number of tritons with normal λ, nT and the number of tritons with λ ≈ 0 nTo, both as a function of temperature. Then quite surprising nT and nTo follow the laws of chemical equilibria in distinct parts of the experimental A = f(T)-function. From this unexpected result the decrease of tritium radioactivity is definitely proved once again (6).
Reifenschweiler, O., Further Evidence of the Decrease of Tritium Radioactivity by a Thermodynamic Evaluation of a Heat Experiment. Infinite Energy, 2004. 9(54): p. 14.
Coauthors:Ren, X.Z. and X.Z. Li. Factors affecting hydrogen (deuterium) flux through a thin palladium film. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.
Coauthors: Li, X. Z.Ricco, G., et al. A Large Solid Angle MultiParameter Neutron Detector. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
Coauthors: Anghinolfi, M., Corvisiero, P., Prati, P., Taiuti, M., Boragno, C., Eggenhoffner, R., Valbusa, U.Rice, R.A., et al., The Effect of Velocity Distribution on Cold Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion. 1989.
Coauthors: Chulick, G. S., Kim, Y. E., Yoon, J.Rice, R.A., G.S. Chulick, and Y.E. Kim. The Effect of Velocity Distribution and Electron Screening on Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
Coauthors: Chulick, G. S., Kim, Y. E.Rice, R.A., et al., The role of velocity distribution in cold deuterium-deuterium fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 147.
Coauthors: Chulik, G. S., Kim, Y. E., Yoon, J. H.Rice, R.A. and Y.E. Kim, Comments on 'Electron transitions on deep Dirac levels I'. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 111.
Coauthors: Kim, Y. E.Rice, R.A., et al. Comments on exotic chemistry models and deep Dirac states for cold fusion. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1994. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Coauthors: Kim, Y. E., Rabinowitz, M., Zubarev, A. L.Several models are examined in which it is claimed that cold fusion is the result either of tight binding of the electrons in H isotope atoms or molecules, or of an electron-H isotope resonance which allows a higher probability of Coulomb barrier penetration. In the case of models in which the electron is tightly bound to the H isotope atom, we show that states below the most deeply bound (-16.39 eV) are impossible in principle. We also present evidence against the possibility of the existence of electron-H isotope resonances. Finally, a lower bound is found for the binding energy of H isotope molecules which is above that calculated in the tightly bound electron-H isotope models.
Rice-Evans, P. and H. Evans, Search for neutrons from cold nuclear fusion. Eur. J. Phys., 1990. 11: p. 251.
Coauthors: Evans, H.Richards, P.M., Molecular-Dynamics Investigation of Deuterium Separation in PdD1.1. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40(11): p. 7966.
Coauthors:Richards, P.M., Molecular-dynamics investigation of deuteron separation in PdD1.1. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40: p. 7966.
Coauthors:Rieker, A., et al., Potential error sources in combined electrochemistry/neutron detection experiments. Z. Naturforsch. A, 1991. 46B: p. 1125.
Coauthors: Speiser, B., Mangold, K. M., Hanack, M.Riesterer, T., On the Hydrogen Site Occupation in Hydrides of Intermetallics. J. Less-Common Met., 1984. 103: p. 219.
Coauthors:Riesterer, T., J. Osterwalder, and L. Schlapbach, Inverse Photoemission from PdH0.65. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1985. 32: p. 8405.
Coauthors: Osterwalder, J., Schlapbach, L.Riley, A.M., J.D. Seader, and D.W. Pershing, An in-situ volumetric method for dynamically measuring the absorption of deuterium in palladium during electrolysis. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1992. 139: p. 1342.
Coauthors: Seader, J. D., Pershing, D. W.Riley, D. and M. McLaughlin, Turning thre corner: Energy solutions for the 21st century. 2001, Tahoe City, CA: Alternative Energy Institute, Inc.
Coauthors: McLaughlin, M.Ritley, K.A., et al. A Search for Cold Fusion Signatures in Cathodically Charged Palladium. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
Coauthors: Wiesmann, H., Dull, P. M., Lynn, K. G., Weber, M.Ritley, K.A., et al., The behavior of electrochemical cell resistance: a possible application to cold fusion experiments. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 699.
Coauthors: Dull, P. M., Weber, M. H., Carroll, M., Hurst, J. J., Lynn, K. G.Ritley, K.A., et al., A search for tritium production in electrolytically deuterided palladium. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19(1): p. 192.
Coauthors: Lynn, K. G., Dull, P. M., Weber, M. H., Carroll, M., Hurst, J. J.Rittner, E.S. and A. Meulenberg, A chemical interpretation of heat generated in 'cold fusion'. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 377.
Coauthors: Meulenberg, A.Roberts, D.A., et al., Energy and flux limits of cold fusion neutrons using a deuterated liquid scintillator. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 42: p. R1809.
Coauthors: Becchetti, F. D., Ben-Jacob, E., Garik, P., Musser, J., Orr, B., Tarle, G., Tomasch, A., Holder, J.S., Redina, D., Heuser, B., Wicker, G.Roberts, D.A., et al., Deuterated liquid scintillator (NE230) as a fast neutron detector for cold- fusion and other research. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 1992. 39(4): p. 532.
Coauthors: Becchetti, F. D., Ashktorab, K., Stewart, D., Jaenecke, J., Gustafson, H. R., Dueweke, M. J.Robinson, G.W., Could cold fusion be caused by non-maxwell distributions? 1998.
Coauthors:Rock, P.A., et al., Energy balance in the electrolysis of water with a palladium cathode. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 293: p. 261.
Coauthors: Fink, W. H., McQuarrie, D. A., Volman, D. H., Hung, Y. F.Rodionov, B. and I. Savvatimova. Unusual Structures On The Material Surfaces Irradiated By Low Energy Ions. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.
Coauthors: Savvatimova, I.
Some unusual structures on the surface of metals and films (various x-ray films and nuclear emulsions) caused by exposure to bombardment by low-energy ions in glow discharge plasma, in electrolysis and other low-energy processes (when energy of particles doesn’t exceed several keV) have been found. The mechanism and model of the strange tracks formations and explanation of their structure change are suggested.
Neutrino–Dineutron Reactions (Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Induced By D2 Gas
Permeation Through Pd Complexes. Y. Iwamura Effect)
Roessler, O.E., et al., Fermi Gas Like Hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons Experiment. Z. Nature. A, 1989. 44: p. 329.
Coauthors: Becker, J., Hoffmann, M., Nadler, W.Roessler, O.E., et al., Fermi Gas Like Hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons Experiment. Z. Nature. A, 1989. 44: p. 329.
Coauthors: Becker, J., Hoffmann, M., Nadler, W.Roessler, O.E., et al., Fermi gas like hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons experiments. Z. Naturforsch. A, 1989. 44: p. 329.
Coauthors: Becker, J., Hoffmann, M., Nadler, W.Rogers, V.C., G.M. Sandquist, and K.K. Nielson, Deuterium concentration and cold fusion rate distributions in palladium. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 523.
Coauthors: Sandquist, G. M., Nielson, K. K.Rogers, V.C. and G.M. Sandquist, Isotopic hydrogen fusion in metals. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 254.
Coauthors: Sandquist, G. M.Rogers, V.C. and G.M. Sandquist, Cold fusion reaction products and their measurement. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 483.
Coauthors: Sandquist, G. M.Rogers, V.C. and G.M. Sandquist, Isotopic Hydrogen Fusion in Metals. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 483.
Coauthors: Sandquist, G. M.Rolison, D.R., et al. Anomalies in the Surface Analysis of Deuterated Palladium. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
Coauthors: O'Grady, W. E., Doyle, Jr., R. J., Trzaskoma, P. P.The surface and near-surface analytical characterization of thin palladium foils after the electrolysis of H2O or D2O was performed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution mass spectrometry, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These surface characterizations revealed a number of anomalous results, as summarized below.
Rolison, D.R. and P.P. Trzaskoma, Morphological differences between hydrogen-loaded and deuterium-loaded palladium as observed by scanning electron microscopy. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 287: p. 375.
Coauthors: Trzaskoma, P. P.Rolison, D.R. and W.E. O'Grady, Observation of elemental anomalies at the surface of palladium after electrochemical loading of deuterium or hydrogen. Anal. Chem., 1991. 63: p. 1697.
Coauthors: O'Grady, W. E.Romodanov, V.A., et al. Nuclear Fusion in Condensed Matter. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
Coauthors: Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Ya. B., Timofeev, Yu.Romodanov, V.A., et al. Concept of Target Material Choice for Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Coauthors: Savin, V. I., Korneev, S., Skuratni, Y.Romodanov, V.A., et al. Reproducibility of Tritium Generation From Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Matter. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Coauthors: Savin, V. I., Elksnin, V., Skuratnik, Ya. B.Romodanov, V.A., et al. The nuclear reactions in condensed media for interaction of charge particles in energy region is forming by maximum elastic losses. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
Coauthors: Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Ya. B., Majorov, V. N.Romodanov, V.A., et al. High-Temperature Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Coauthors: Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Y., Yuriev, M.Romodanov, V.A., et al. Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media and X-ray. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Coauthors: Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Y., Yuriev, M.Romodanov, V.A., et al. Tritium Generations in Metals at Thermal Activation. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
Coauthors: Savin, V. I., Skuratnik, Y., Majorov, V. N.Romodanov, V.A., Y.B. Skuratnik , and A.K. Pokrovsky. Generation of Tritium for Deuterium Interaction with Metals. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.
Coauthors: Skuratnik , Ya. B., Pokrovsky, A. K.Romodanov, V.A., N.I. Khokhlov, and A.K. Pokrovsky. Registration of Superfluous Heat at Sorbtion-Desorbtion of Hydrogen in Metals. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.
Coauthors: Khokhlov, N. I., Pokrovsky, A. K.Romodanov, V.A. Tritium Generation From The Interaction Of A Glow Discharge Plasma With Metals And With A Magnetic Field. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors:
ABSTRACT
This paper describes research into tritium generation arising during bombardment by accelerated ions of a mix of hydrogen isotopes from low-energy plasma of the glow discharge at surfaces of various metals, while imposing a magnetic field. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of a sample during the interaction of hydrogen isotopes with metals in plasma of the glow discharge, and it results in an increase test activity and tritium generation rate of almost two orders of magnitude compared to the same experiments without the magnetic field.
Rosamilia, J.M., J.A. Abys, and B. Miller, Electrochemical hydrogen insertion into palladium and palladium-nickel thin films. Electrochim. Acta, 1991. 36: p. 1203.
Coauthors: Abys, J. A., Miller, B.Rosen, G., Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1989. 91(7): p. 4415.
Coauthors:Rosen, G., Groundstate thermalization of hydrogen isotopes in certain metals: enhancement of p+d and d+d nuclear fusion rates by Bethe-Bloch polarization. Hadronic J., 1990. 13: p. 255.
Coauthors:Ross, K. and S.M. Bennington, Solid state fusion (?). Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 15.
Coauthors: Bennington, S. M.Rossi, A., Method And Apparatus For Carrying Out Nickel And Hydrogen Exothermal Reactions
Coauthors:
Patent WO 2009/125444 Al
Abstract: A method and apparatus for carrying out highly efficient exothermal reaction between nickel and hydrogen atoms in a tube, preferably, though not necessary, a metal tube filled by a nickel powder and heated to a high temperature, preferably, though not necessary, from 150 to 5000C are herein disclosed. In the inventive apparatus, hydrogen is injected into the metal tube containing a highly pressurized nickel powder having a pressure, preferably though not necessarily, from 2 to 20 bars.
Rotegard, D., Fusion, cold fusion, and space policy. Space Power, 1991. 10: p. 205.
Coauthors:Roth, J.R., Ball Lightning: What Nature is Trying to Tell the Plasma Research Community. Fusion Technol., 1995. 27: p. 255.
Coauthors:Roth, J., et al., Fusion reactions during low energy deuterium implantation into titanium. Nucl. Fusion, 1990. 30: p. 441.
Coauthors: Behrisch, R., Moeller, W., Ottenberger, W.Rothwell, J., Highlights of the Fifth International Conference on Cold Fusion. Infinite Energy, 1995. 1(2): p. 8.
Coauthors:Rothwell, J., Very hot cold fusion: Dr. Mizuno's ceramic proton conductors. Infinite Energy, 1995. 1(1): p. 14.
Coauthors:Rothwell, J., CETI's 1 kilowatt cold fusion device denonstrated. Infinite Energy, 1996. 1(5&6): p. 18.
Coauthors:Rothwell, J., Notes on the Talk by James Griggs of Hydro Dynamics, Inc. at Cold Fusion & New Energy Symposium, Jan. 20, 1996. Infinite Energy, 1996. 1(5&6): p. 25.
Coauthors:Rothwell, J., Review of McKubre, M. C. H., et al., Development of Advanced Concepts for Nuclear Processes in Deuterated Metals, EPRI TR-104195. Infinite Energy, 1996(11).
Coauthors:
A review of McKubre, M.C.H., et al., Development of Advanced Concepts for Nuclear Processes in Deuterated Metals. 1994. Selected pages from this report are available here:
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/McKubreMCHdevelopmen.pdf
Comprehensive, Meticulous and Definitive
This is one of the most comprehensive descriptions of a set of cold fusion experiments ever published. The only reports I know of that rival it are from F.G. Will et al., and M. H. Miles et al. This EPRI book describes the research paid for by EPRI and performed at SRI International between 1989 and 1994 by M. McKubre, S. Crouch-Baker, F. Tanzella and eight other principal investigators. These are among the most careful cold fusion experiments ever done. The results are unequivocal.
Rothwell, J., Introduction to the Cold Fusion Experiments of Dr. Melvin Miles. Infinite Energy, 1997. 3(15/16): p. 27.
Coauthors:From 1989 until his funding was terminated in 1995, Melvin Miles performed some of the best cold fusion experiments on record. His goal was to answer two critical questions: Does cold fusion produce helium along with excess heat, like a plasma fusion reaction? And if so, does it produce roughly as much helium per joule of energy as a plasma fusion reaction does? He answers both questions affirmatively. When a cold fusion palladium cathode becomes active, it releases helium into the electrolyte. The helium leaves the cell in the effluent deuterium and oxygen gas. Cathodes that produced more excess heat produced greater amounts of helium. The ratio of helium to energy is roughly comparable to that of hot fusion, within an order of magnitude. This is strong evidence that cold fusion really is some form of nuclear fusion, and not fission, zero point energy, or something else.
Rothwell, J., Dieter Britz: A Knowledgeable Skeptic. Infinite Energy, 1998. 3(18).
Coauthors:Rothwell, J., Review of Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry into the Limits of the Possible, By Arthur C. Clarke. Infinite Energy, 1998. 4(22).
Coauthors:How did Arthur C. Clarke come to believe that cold fusion is real, and why should anyone care? The answer can be found in an unforgettable nonfiction book he wrote in 1963. It is Profiles of the Future, one of the best books about the future ever written, and one of the finest short overviews of science and technology. . . .
Rothwell, J., Comparisons from the History of Technology. Infinite Energy, 1999. 4(23): p. 39.
Coauthors:
This paper was delivered at the Cold Fusion and New Energies Symposium held in Manchester, New Hampshire October 11, 1998. This version was modified and expanded in May 2003.
Earlier at this conference Ed Storms said, “cold fusion is on life-support.” Will it survive? Can an unpopular scientific discovery be forgotten? Ed thinks that cold fusion is endangered. In a lecture titled “Cold Fusion – Does It Have a Future?” Nobel Laureate Julian Schwinger said that science itself is at risk . . .
Rothwell, J., The Wright Brothers and Cold Fusion. Infinite Energy, 1999. 2(9): p. 37.
Coauthors:History is not inevitable. If the Wrights had not built the airplane, man would not have flown for another ten or twenty years, most experts agree. History is a product of free will. People make decisions, take actions, and shape events. Things do not get invented just because they are needed. We learn to live with awkward machines like the automobile transmission. If Bell Labs had not come up with the transistor, by now we would have computers with a million "vacuum tubes on a chip." (This kind of chip was fabricated for a special application years ago. Technology is flexible; transistors are not the only things you can miniaturize.)
Rothwell, J., Transistors and Cold Fusion - Part I. Infinite Energy, 1999. 5(25): p. 32.
Coauthors:
The history of transistors teaches many lessons about how cold fusion might develop and what should be done to help it along.
Transistors are physically similar to cold fusion devices. In fact, some of the earliest experimental transistors were immersed in electrolyte with a counter electrode to neutralize the surface barrier. . . .
Rothwell, J., Transistors and Cold Fusion - Part II. Infinite Energy, 1999. 5(26): p. 46.
Coauthors:Part 1 closed with the questions: Was the transistor truly inevitable? Where would we be without it? Is any innovation inevitable and unstoppable? I conclude that fundamental breakthroughs, like the transistor, are not inevitable, but once they are made, contingent, derivative or follow‑up breakthroughs like integrated circuits become inevitable. The discovery of cold fusion was not inevitable by any means, and cold fusion technology may never be developed because of technical difficulties or political opposition, but if it is developed and it becomes established, many contingent breakthroughs, like home power generators, will become inevitable.
Rothwell, J., Butter Side Down: How Cold Fusion Researchers Battle the Innate Perversity of Inanimate Objects and Exploding Parameter Space. Infinite Energy, 2001. 7(37).
Coauthors:A brief introduction to some calorimeter types, and to some of the difficulties in cold fusion experiments.
Rothwell, J., Cold Fusion, the Titanic Disaster Aftermath, and the Internet. Infinite Energy, 2001. 6(36).
Coauthors:
“News is the first rough draft of history.”
—Newspaper publisher Philip L. Graham (1915-1963)
Newspapers are indeed the first draft of history and, in many cases, the last draft as well. This has been one of the reasons behind cold fusion’s bad press over the years. Researchers made initial assessments of the phenomenon back in April 1989 and offered up their gut-reaction opinions to the media. Many of these erroneous, off-the-cuff ramblings are still widely quoted today. The three famous “negative” experiments at Caltech, MIT, and Harwell are often cited as proof that cold fusion does not exist, although careful reexaminations have subsequently shown that the tests conducted at all three establishments did, in fact, yield positive results. Reporters, commentators, and historians seldom look beyond immediate impressions formed in the earliest days of a major event, when confusion is rampant and detailed investigations have not yet begun. . . .
Rothwell, J., et al., Appeal to Readers and Correspondence with the Scientific American. 2003, LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors: Storms, E., Rennie, J., Piel, J.
An appeal to LENR-CANR readers to help spread the word and help bring about a
rebirth of interest in cold fusion. This document also contains correspondence with the past and present editors of the Scientific American.
Rothwell, J. and E. Storms. The LENR-CANR.Org Website, Its Past And Future. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors: Storms, E.The LENR-CANR-org website has proven to be a popular source of information about cold fusion. This site has distributed more full text papers about LENR than any other source. In addition, it contains many features that allow easy search and insertion of the discovered references into a document.
Rothwell, J., Cold Fusion And The Future. 2004: LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors:
The purpose of this book is to show that with cold fusion we can accomplish marvelous things. This is not a review or history of the field. It is not meant to convince the reader that cold fusion exists. If you doubt that, please read original sources. The book describes how many nightmare problems that seem beyond any present solution, such as global warming, elimination of invasive species, and providing clean drinking water and sanitation to billions of poor people might be eliminated. The future might be better than you think.
This book is not copyright. It is distributed for free at LENR-CANR.org, here:
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RothwellJcoldfusiona.pdf (6 MB)
If you would like to print a copy, we suggest you download the high-resolution version:
http://lenr-canr.org/ColdFusionAndTheFuturehires.pdf (17 MB)
Rothwell, J. Introducing The Book "Cold Fusion and the Future". in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.
Coauthors:Rothwell, J., A Fusão a Frio e o Futuro. 2006: LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors:
The book “Cold Fusion and the Future” translated into Brazilian Portuguese by Sergio Bacchi.
O livro "A Fusão a Frio e o Futuro" traduzido ao português brasileiro por Sergio Bacchi. Uma visão das aplicações possíveis da fusão a frio do hidrogênio pesado. Um livro com muita imaginação e humanidade.
Rothwell, J., Mirai o kizuku jyouonkakuyuugou. 2007: LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors:The book “Cold Fusion and the Future” translated into Japanese.
Rothwell, J. and E. Storms, Report on Arata's Paper and Lecture about his "Solid Fusion" Reactor. 2008, LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors: Storms, E.This paper describes the recent demonstration (May 2008) of anomalous heat and helium production, presented by Prof. Yoshiaki Arata, when two different materials are exposed to D2 near room temperature.
Rothwell, J., Tally of Cold Fusion Papers. 2009, LENR-CANR.org.
Coauthors:This document contains a tally of cold fusion papers from two sources: the list maintained by Dieter Britz at Aarhus U., and the EndNote database used to generate the indexes at LENR-CANR.org. Various tallies such as the number of peer-reviewed experimental papers are presented.
Roulette, T., J. Roulette, and S. Pons. Results of ICARUS 9 Experiments Run at IMRA Europe. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
Coauthors: Roulette, J., Pons, S.
INTRODUCTION
We describe herein the construction, testing, calibration and use of a high power dissipation calorimeter suitable for the measurements of excess enthalpy generation in Pd / Pd alloy cathodes during the electrolysis of heavy water electrolytes at temperatures up to and including the boiling point of the electrolyte. With the present design, power dissipation up to about 400W is possible. Excess power levels of up to ~250% of the input power have been observed with these calorimeters in some experiments. Extensions of the design to include recombination catalysts on open and pressurized cells will be the subject of a future report.