Mo, D. W.

Mo, D.W., et al. Real Time Measurements of the Energetic Charged Particles and the Loading Ratio (D/Pd). in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Zhang, L., Chen, B. X., Liu, Y. S., Doing, S. Y., Yao, M. Y., Zhou, L. Y., Huang, H. G., Li, X. Z., Shen, X. D., Wang, S. C., Kang, T. S., Huang, N. Z.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, D2, particle emission, resistivity, ICCF-3

Mo, D.W., et al. The Evidence of Nuclear Transmutation Phenomeno in Pd-H System Using NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis). in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors: Cai, Q. S., Wang, L. M., Wang, S. Z.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: transmutation, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-7


Mo, W.

Mo, W., et al. Search for Precursor and Charged Particles in "Cold Fusion". in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Coauthors: Liu, Y. S., Zhou, L. Y., Dong, S. Y., Wang, K. L., Wang, S. C., Li, X. Z.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, titanium, D2, particle emission ICCF-2


Moagar-Poladian, G.

Moagar-Poladian, G. A Possible Mechanism For Cold Fusion. in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory

We describe a mechanism for cold fusion that is able to explain how two hydrogen ions may come close enough so as to fusion as well as many of the different and independent experimental observations made during years of experiments. We present the mechanism, its weak points, the way it explains the respective phenomena and suggest some experiments that may validate further the model described by us. 

DOWNLOAD


Moffatt, W. G.

Moffatt, W.G., Pd-Li Phase Diagram. 1978: General Electric.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Pd, Li, Phase Dagram


Moir, R. W.

Moir, R.W., Application of Muon-Catalyzed Fusion in Metal Hydrides For Isotope Production. 1989: Los Alamod.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory


Moizhes, B. Ya.

Moizhes, B.Y., Formation of a compact D2 molecule in interstitial sites - a possible explanation for cold nuclear fusion. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1991. 17: p. 540.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, structure, D2, dimer, gamma phase


Montereali, R.

Montereali, R., et al. A Novel LiF-Based Detector For X-Ray Imaging In Hydrogen Loaded Ni Films Under Laser Irradiation. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Coauthors: Almaviva, S., Marolo, T., Vincenti, M., Sarto, F., Sibilia, C., Castagna, E., Violante, V.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: x-ray detection

A novel soft X-ray imaging film detector, based on optically stimulated luminescence of active color centers in lithium fluoride, LiF, has been used to obtain the image of radiation emitted from a nickel film hydride loaded by electrolysis, under light coupling with an He-Ne laser.

DOWNLOAD

Montereali, R., et al. Lithium Fluoride X-Ray Imaging Film Detectors for Condensed Matter Nuclear Measurements (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Coauthors: Almaviva, S., Bonfigli, F., Castagna, E., Sarto, F., Vincenti, M., Violante, V.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: x-ray detection

Lithium Fluoride, LiF, is a radiation sensitive alkali halide material well known as dosimeter and as active medium in light-emitting devices and lasers. Point defects can be produced in LiF crystals and films by different kinds of radiation. Some of these electronic defects, known as colour centres, are optically active, with broad absorption and emission bands in the visible spectral range. Novel thin-film imaging detectors for soft X-rays, based on photoluminescence from aggregate colour centres in LiF, have been proposed and are
currently under development, successfully extending their operation also in the hard X-ray region, up to 10 keV. Recently their use was proposed and preliminarily tested to obtain
the image of radiation emitted from a nickel film hydride loaded by electrolysis, under light coupling with an He-Ne laser.

DOWNLOAD


Montgomery, J. R.

Montgomery, J.R., et al. Correlated Nuclear and Thermal Measurements in D/Pd and H/Pd Systems. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Coauthors: Jeffery, R., Amiri, F., Adams, J.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, D, neutron


Monti, R. A.

Monti, R.A., Low energy nuclear reactions: Experimental evidence for the alpha extended model of the atom. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 131.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: transmutation, theory,

Monti, R.A. Nuclear Transmutation Processes of Lead, Silver, Thorium, Uranium. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation, arc, H2O, ICCF-7


Moon, D.

Moon, D., A Cold Fusion Theory. 1993.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory

Moon, D., Addendum to "Mechanisms of a disobedient science". Infinite Energy, 1996. 1(5/6): p. 89.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: Theory dineutron

Moon, D., Review of a cold fusion theory: Mechanisms of a disobedient science. Infinite Energy, 1999. 5(28): p. 33.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory review dineutron

Moon, D. The Nucleovoltaic Cell. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Coauthors:
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords:

Described in this paper is a cold fusion device that is conceptually designed to convert the energy release, from deuteron-deuteron fusion, directly to electricity at an efficiency worthy of commercial development. The working element is an N-type semiconductor which has been coated with a thin film (a few hundred angstroms) of hydrogen-active metal, for example palladium, and which is joined to a P-type semiconductor at the PN-junction. The working element is not an “electrode,” as such, but an “electron pump.”

DOWNLOAD


Moore, A.

Moore, A., The Comportment of Palladium-Hydrogen System Toward Alternating Electric Current. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1939. LXXV: p. 237.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Excess Volume, Pd, H2, dimension, PdH


Moore, G. A.

Moore, G.A. and D.P. Smith, The Occlusion and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Metals. A. Metallographic Study of Nickel-Hydrogen. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1937. LXXI: p. 545.

Coauthors: Smith, D. P.
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: Ni, H2, Phase Diagram, metallography


Morgan, J. D.

Morgan, J.D., Comment on: Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 93: p. 6115.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, critique, Rosen

Morgan, J.D. and H.J. Monkhurst, Simple model for accurate calculation of Coulomb-barrier penetration factors in molecular fusion rates. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1990. 42(9): p. 5175.

Coauthors: Monkhurst, H. J.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, Born-Oppenheimer, distance


Morioka, S.

Morioka, S., Nuclear fusion triggered by positron annihilation at vacancies in deuterated metals. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107A: p. 2755.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: Theory, positron annihilation,


Morrey, J. R.

Morrey, J.R., et al., Measurements of helium in electrolyzed palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 659.

Coauthors: Caffee, M. W., Farrar IV, H., Hoffman, N. J., Hudson, G. B., Jones, R. H., Kurz, M. D., Lupton, J., Oliver, B. M., Ruiz, B. V., Wacker, J. F., van Veen, A.
Category: Review
Keywords: helium Pd review


Morrison, D. R. O.

Morrison, D.R.O., A view from CERN. Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 17.

Coauthors:
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, review

Morrison, D.R.O. Review of Cold Fusion. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: history

Morrison, D.R.O., The Rise And Decline of Cold Fusion. Physics World, 1990: p. 35.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review, critque, history

Morrison, D.R.O., Review of cold fusion. Sov. Phys. Usp., 1991. 34: p. 1055.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review

Morrison, D.R.O., Comments on claims of excess enthalpy by Fleischmann and Pons using simple cells made to boil. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 185: p. 498.

Coauthors:
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, Fleischmann

Morrison, D.R.O., Review of Progress in Cold Fusion. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 48.

Coauthors:
Category: Critique
Keywords: review, history, critique


Mosier-Boss, P. A.

Mosier-Boss, P.A. and S. Szpak, The Metal Hydrogen System: Interphase Participation in H-Transport. 1995, Naval Control, Command and Ocean Surveillance Center, RDT&E Division.

Coauthors: Szpak, S.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: hydride, hydrogen transport

This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in:
 Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research.
 ABSTRACT
 The metal/hydrogen system is a key element in the construction of ecologically preferred energy conversion/storage devices. Although reduced to practice decades ago, its effectiveness requires further examination of a number of issues, among them the role that the electrode/electrolyte interphase plays during the charging/discharging processes. In this communication the following topics are considered: Thermodynamics and kinetics of the structure of the interphase, the identity and components of the driving force(s) for the absorption/desorption of hydrogen, and the discussion of the applicable transport equation. Agreement between theoretical results and observed behavior is illustrated and selected design approaches affecting cell performance are explored.

DOWNLOAD

Mosier-Boss, P.A. and S. Szpak, The Pd/(n)H system: transport processes and development of thermal instabilities. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1999. 112: p. 577.

Coauthors: Szpak, S.
Category: Theory
Keywords: Theory, hot spot, electrolysis, Pd, D2

Summary. -- Surface temperature distribution associated with excess enthalpy production during the codeposition process is presented. The interpretation is sought via the multilayer concept of the electrode/electrolyte interphase. The effect of gas evolution on activities within the interphase is considered.

DOWNLOAD

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Thermal and Nuclear Aspects of the Pd/D2O System (1), ed. S. Szpak and P.A. Mosier-Boss. Vol. 1 A Decade of Research at Navy Laboratories. 2002: SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego, U.S. Navy.

Coauthors: Chubb, S. R., Fleischmann, M., Imam, M. A., Miles, M., Szpak, S.
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords:

Twelve years have passed since the announcement on 23 March 1989 by professors Fleischmann and Pons that the generation of excess enthalpy occurs in electrochemical cells when palladium electrodes, immersed in D2O + LiOH electrolyte, are negatively polarized. The announcement, which came to be known as “Cold Fusion,” caused frenzied excitement. In both the scientific and news communities, fax machines were used to pass along fragments of rumor and “facts.” (Yes, this was before wide spread use of the internet. One can only imagine what would happen now.) Companies and individuals rushed to file patents on yet to be proven ideas in hopes of winning the grand prize. Unfortunately, the phenomenon described by Fleischmann and Pons was far from being understood and even factors necessary for repeatability of the experiments were unknown. Over the next few months, the scientific community became divided into the “believers” and the “skeptics.” The “believers” reported the results of their work with enthusiasm that at times overstated the significance of their results. On the other hand, many “skeptics” rejected the anomalous behavior of the polarized Pd/D system as a matter of conviction, i.e., without analyzing the presented material and always asking “where are the neutrons?” Funding for research quickly dried up as anything related to “Cold Fusion” was portrayed as a hoax and not worthy of funding. The term “Cold Fusion” took on a new definition much as the Ford Edsel had done years earlier.
Dr. Frank E. Gordon, Head, Navigation and Applied Sciences Department, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego

DOWNLOAD

Mosier-Boss, P.A. and M. Fleischmann, Thermal and Nuclear Aspects of the Pd/D2O System (2), ed. S. Szpak and P.A. Mosier-Boss. Vol. 2. Simulation of the Electrochemical Cell (ICARUS) Calorimetry. 2002: SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego, U.S. Navy.

Coauthors: Fleischmann, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: calorimeter, method

FOREWORD
The calorimetry of any electrochemical cell involves two types of activities: data collection and data evaluation. The required data are the cell potential–time and cell temperature–time series. The evaluation is based on conservation laws subject to constraints dictated by cell design and the adapted experimental procedure. Volume 2 of this report deals with the modeling and simulation of the Dewar-type calorimeter. It was written by Professor Fleischmann to provide an authoritative discussion of the calorimetry of electrochemical cells. The emphasis is on the interpretation of data and the accuracy of the determination of the excess enthalpy generation via the appropriate selection of heat transfer coefficients. The discussion of the calorimetry of the Dewar-type cells is presented in the form of technical report for a number of reasons,
among them: (i) its length would likely prohibit publication in topical journals, (ii) to clarify misunderstandings regarding the principles of calorimetry as applied to electrochemical cell in general and to the cell employed by Fleischmann and his collaborators, in particular.
S. Szpak and P.A. Mosier–Boss, eds.

DOWNLOAD

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al. Pd/D Co-Deposition: Excess Power Generation and Its Origin (paper and PowerPoint slides). in 233rd ACS National Meeting. 2007. Chicago, IL.

Coauthors: Szpak, S., Gordon, F., Forsley, L., Phillips, G.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Neutron

Early Pd/D co-deposition experiments demonstrated excess enthalpy, formation of hot spots, emission of low intensity radiation, and production of tritium.
 
Excess enthalpy is generated by highly energetic fast reactions that resemble “mini-explosions”. This view is supported by IR imaging (hot spots) and by the response of the pressure/temperature sensitive substrates (piezoelectric material) onto which the Pd/D films are co-deposited.
 
An external electric/magnetic field changes the shape of the individual globules of the “cauliflower” structure of the Pd/D co-deposited material.
 
New elements are observed that are associated with the morphological features formed by the action of the external E/B fields.
 
Using CR-39 detectors, tracks are obtained that are consistent with both nuclear charged particles and neutron knock-on tracks.

DOWNLOAD

Mosier-Boss, P.A., S. Szpak, and F. Gordon. Production of High Energy Particles Using the Pd/D Co-Deposition Process (PowerPoint slides). in APS March Meeting. 2007. Denver, CO.

Coauthors: Szpak, S., Gordon, F.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: sonofusion

PowerPoint slides from the American Physical Society March 2007 conference.

DOWNLOAD

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Use of CR-39 in Pd/D co-deposition experiments. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 2007. 40: p. 293-303.

Coauthors: Szpak, S., Gordon, F., Forsley, L.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: cr-39, particle emission

The use of CR-39, a solid state nuclear track detector, to detect the emission of energetic charged particles during Pd/D co-deposition is demonstrated. The pits observed in the CR-39 are attributed to the Pd/D cathode and are not due to radionuclide contamination in the cell components; nor to the impingement of D2 bubbles on the surface of the CR-39; nor to chemical attack by D2, O2, or Cl2. The features (i.e., optical contrast, shape, and bright spot in the center of the pit) of the pits generated during Pd/D co-deposition are consistent with those observed for pits that are of a nuclear origin.

DOWNLOAD

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Detection of Energetic Particles and Neutrons Emitted During Pd/D Co-Deposition, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 311-334.

Coauthors: Szpak, S., Gordon, F., Forsley, L.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords:

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Reply to Comment on 'The Use of CR-39 in Pd/D Co-deposition Experiments': A Response to Kowalski. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 2008. 44: p. 287-290.

Coauthors: Szpak, S., Gordon, F., Forsley, L.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: cr-39, particle emission

Earlier we reported, in this journal, that the pits generated in CR-39 detectors during Pd/D co-deposition experiments are consistent with those observed for pits that are of a nuclear origin. Recently, that interpretation has been challenged. In this communication, additional experimental data and further analysis of our earlier results are provided that support our original conclusions.

DOWNLOAD

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Triple tracks in CR-39 as the result of Pd–D Co-deposition: evidence of energetic neutrons. Naturwiss., 2008. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0449-x(96): p. 135-142.

Coauthors: Szpak, S., Gordon, F., Forsley, L.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: cr-39, particle emission

Mosier-Boss, P.A., F. Gordon, and L. Forsley, Characterization of Energetic Particles Emitted During Pd/D Co-Deposition for Use in a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG), in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. 119-135.

Coauthors: Gordon, F., Forsley, L.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords:

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Characterization of tracks in CR-39 detectors obtained as a result of Pd/D Co-deposition. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 2009. 46.

Coauthors: Szpak, S., Gordon, F., Forsley, L.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: cr-39, particle emission

Earlier we reported that the pits generated in CR-39 detectors during Pd/D co-deposition experiments are consistent with those observed for pits that are of a nuclear origin. Spacer experiments and track modeling have been done to characterize the properties of the particles that generated the tracks in the CR-39 detectors. The effect of water on the energetics of the particles and their resultant tracks is discussed.

DOWNLOAD

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Comparison of Pd/D co-deposition and DT neutron generated triple tracks observed in CR-39 detectors. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 2010. 51.

Coauthors: Szpak, S., Gordon, F., Forsley, L.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: cr-39, particle emission


Mueller, D.

Mueller, D. and L.R. Grisham, Nuclear reactions products that would appear if substantial cold fusion occurred. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 379.

Coauthors: Grisham, L. R.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, nuclear reaction, energy, review


Muguet, F. F.

Muguet, F.F. and M.P. Bassez-Muguet, Ab initio computations of one and two hydrogen or deuterium atoms in the palladium tetrahedral site. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 383.

Coauthors: Bassez-Muguet, M. P.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, tetrahedral, structure, PdD, distance


Mukherjee, D.

Mukherjee, D. and A. Wordsworth, Stress relieving of palladium foils, controls its electro-catalytic properties. Tool & Alloy Steels, 1994: p. 323.

Coauthors: Wordsworth, A.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, OCV, corrosion, electrolysis, loading


Mukhopadhyay, R.

Mukhopadhyay, R., et al., Real time deuterium loading investigation in palladium using neutron diffraction. Solid State Commun., 1990. 75: p. 359.

Coauthors: Dasannacharya, B. A., Nandan, D., Singh, A. J., Iyer, R. M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, electrolysis, D2O, phase diagram, lattice parameter, diffusion


Muller, W.

Muller, W. and F. Besenbacher, A Note on the 3He+D Nuclear-Reaction Cross Section. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1980. 168: p. 111.

Coauthors: Besenbacher, F.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: D2, fusion, Cross Section, branching ratio


Muromtsev, V.

Muromtsev, V., V. Platonov, and I. Savvatimova. Neutrino-Dineutron Reactions (Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Induced By D2 Gas Permeation Through Pd Complexes. Y. Iwamura Effect). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Coauthors: Platonov, V., Savvatimova, I.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation

Anomalous elemental changes have been observed on the Pd complexes after D2 gas permeation. This effect -- effect Y. Iwamura -- belongs to a new category of nuclear reactions. The effect of Y. Iwamura can stimulate development of physics of electromagnetic interaction neutrino including physics of relic neutrino and physics of the dineutrons. It is possible to suggest that low-energy neutrino and even relic neutrino can initiate effect of transmutation in special cases. The suggested hypothesis application about new class ν− nuclear reaction existence can be useful for the problems: alternative energetic, radioactive isotopes reducing and rare isotopes production.

DOWNLOAD


Murr, L. E.

Murr, L.E., Palladium metallurgy and cold fusion: some remarks. Scr. Metallurg. Mater., 1990. 24: p. 783.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: discussion, Pd, metallography


Murthy, T. S.

Murthy, T.S., et al., Tritium Analysis of Samples Obtained from Various Electrolysis Experiments at BARC, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 9.

Coauthors: Iyengar, T. S., Sen, B. K., Joseph, T. B.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: tritium

The report summarises the methodology and techniques adopted for the determination of tritium content in various samples obtained during the initial sets of experiments conducted at Trombay in connection with studies on the feasibility of ‘Cold Fusion’.
 
The analyses were carried out at the Isotope Division and Health Physics Division.

DOWNLOAD


Musket, G.

Musket, G., Effects of Contamination on the Interaction of H Gas with Pd : A Review. J. Less-Common Met., 1976. 45: p. 173.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: Pd, H, contamination, review, cleaning, method, Pd


Myers, S. M.

Myers, S.M., et al., Ion-Beam Studies of Hydrogen-Metal Interactions. J. Nucl. Mater., 1989. 165: p. 9.

Coauthors: Richards, P. M., Wampler, W. R., Besenbacher, F.
Category: Review
Keywords: review, ion implantation

Myers, S.M., et al., Search for Cold Fusion in Superstoichiometric Palladium Deuteride Using Ion Implantation. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 263.

Coauthors: Follstaedt, D. M., Schirber, J. E., Richards, P. M.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Pd, Zr, titanium, D2, implantion, negative

Myers, S.M., et al., Superstoichiometry, accelerated diffusion, and nuclear reactions in deuterium-implanted palladium. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1991. 43: p. 9503.

Coauthors: Richards, P. M., Follstaedt, D. M., Schirber, J. E.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, ion implanation, ion bombardment, neutron, loading, diffusion


Nace, D. M.

Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. I. The Thermodynamic Properties of Pd2H Between 273 and 345 K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3619.

Coauthors: Aston, J. G.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Pd, H2, thermodynamic, pressure PdH

Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. III. The Thermodynamic Study of Pd2H Between 15 and 303Å K. Evidence for the Tetragonal PdH4 Structure in Palladium Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3627.

Coauthors: Aston, J. G.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, H2, Heat Capacity, pressure, Phase Diagram, PdH4

Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. III. The Thermodynamic Study of Pd2H Between 15 and 303 K. Evidence for the Tetragonal PdH4 Structure in Palladium Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3627.

Coauthors: Aston, J. G.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, H2, Heat Capacity, pressure, Phase Diagram, PdH4


Nagasaki, T.

Nagasaki, T., R. Yamada, and H. Ohno, Ion-driven Permeation and Surface Recombination Coefficients of Deuterium for Silver. J. Nucl. Mater., 1992. 195: p. 324.

Coauthors: Yamada, R., Ohno, H.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: D2, Ag, recombination, Cu, D2, O2


Nagel, D. J.

Nagel, D.J., The status of 'cold fusion'. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 1998. 51: p. 653.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: Review

Nagel, D.J., Fusion Physics and Philosophy. Accountability Res., 2000. 8: p. 137.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: history

INTRODUCTION
 The advancement of science and technology normally occurs through evolutionary research and development. These activities and their fruits, knowledge and capabilities, might be very interesting and useful, but they normally do not challenge our overall view of the world. When something revolutionary comes to light, the potential paradigm shift, then we are forced to examine both our knowledge and our beliefs, which are intertwined. The topic called “cold fusion” caused reexamination of the physics of nuclear reactions and some aspects of the philosophy of science. We will consider these factors after a brief introductory survey of the complex experiments and results reported in the field, and the motivations for continued attention. “Cold fusion” is used here as an accepted label for the arena of interest, and not a statement about whatever processes might be involved.

DOWNLOAD

Nagel, D.J. and M.A. Imam. Energetics Of Defects And Strains In Palladium. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Coauthors: Imam, M. A.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: fractofusion, metalurgy

Pd employed as cathodes in cold fusion experiments contains various defects, each of which has an associated energy.  In principle, some of the energy in Pd due to defects that exist before a cold fusion experiment could be released as apparent excess heat during the experiment.  Energy densities were computed for high concentrations of vacancies, impurities (both substitutional and interstitial atoms), dislocations and grain boundaries, as well as for strains.  It is concluded that pre-existing defects and strains cannot account for the energies released during cold fusion experiments.  Nonetheless, defects may play other supporting or central roles in cold fusion.

DOWNLOAD

Nagel, D.J. Powers, Materials and Radiations from Low Energy Nuclear Reactions on Surfaces. in The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2007. Sochi, Russia.

Coauthors:
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: materials, electrode surface morphology

Nuclear reactions that occur at low kinetic energies produce thermal energy at some rate (powers), nuclear reaction products (materials) and, in some cases, energetic photons or particles (radiations). Experimental evidence indicates that low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) occur on or very near to the surfaces of solid lattices. The rates of such reactions depend on the total area of the lattices in an LENR experiment, the fraction of that area which is active and the number of reactions per area per second. The powers further depend on the energy per reaction. The production rates of materials are related to the masses of the reaction products. And, the fluxes of radiations depend on the fraction of the reactions that produce energetic quanta. These factors are examined in this paper. A simple, but useful graphical method to relate surface areas to output nuclear powers is presented. It is used to make the first estimate of the active fraction of a surface in LENR experiments. Optimization of power outputs from LENR experiments is discussed in relation to the various factors cited above and to past work. The several intersections between LENR and both nano-science and nanotechnology are examined. A new engineering discipline will be required to turn the current science of LENR into practical sources of energy, materials and maybe radiations.

DOWNLOAD

Nagel, D.J. The Case for LENR At or Near Surfaces: More Experimental Evidence (PowerPoint slides). in American Physical Society Meeting. 2008. New Orleans.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory

Introduction and Agenda
 
There is much experimental evidence, which indicates that LENR occur on surfaces of solid materials.
 
Simple equations relate the reaction rates to the surface area, the active fraction & the number of reactions per active area per second.
 
The equations are used to compute energy production rates (power) and the production rates for  nuclear ash or energetic radiations.
 
This talk provides numerical and graphical means to compute power production at surfaces in LENR experiments.

DOWNLOAD

Nagel, D.J., Scientific Overview of ICCF15. Infinite Energy, 2009(88): p. 21.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review

The research topic which was first and poorly called “cold fusion” has been of international interest since its beginning in 1989. Hence, a series of International Conferences on Cold Fusion (ICCF) has been held on three continents during the past two decades. In recent years, the topic has come to be viewed as part of the larger field of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science; therefore conferences during the last few years have been called the International Conference on
Condensed Matter Nuclear Science even though the moniker of ICCF has been maintained. At present, the key reactions are often called Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), with the main scientific website on the topic being www.lenr.org. But there remains confusion not only about
what to call the field, but about the several scientific riddles at the heart of the field.

DOWNLOAD

Nagel, D.J., et al., eds. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF-14). Vol. 1. 2010.

Coauthors: Melich, M. E., Johnson, R., Chubb, S. R., Rothwell, J.
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords:

As a result of the empirical knowledge now in hand, it is not unreasonable to imagine safe and green sources of nuclear power for homes, free of carbon emissions, which also will relieve stress on the power grid, because they might be small and distributed. LENR could be the basis for portable nuclear power sources, maybe even batteries. The production of clean drinking water by desalination or by purification of polluted river waters is one of the many, and perhaps the most attractive potential applications of LENR. The world health implications of clean water would be momentous. Those of us who work on the Fleischmann-Pons Effect find it an exciting and challenging field of research with remarkable practical potential. As a scientific effect, it is already historic. It remains to be seen if it will turn out to be a “game changing” practical source of energy. The field is indeed EXCITING NEW SCIENCE and it offers POTENTIAL CLEAN ENERGY.

DOWNLOAD

Nagel, D.J., et al., eds. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF-14). Vol. 2. 2010.

Coauthors: Melich, M. E., Johnson, R., Chubb, S. R., Rothwell, J.
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords:

Proceedings continued from Volume 1.

DOWNLOAD

Nagel, D.J., Check List for LENR Validation Experiments. 2011, LENR-CANR.org.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat

Focardi and Rossi demonstrated a boiler device on 14 January 2011, which converted water at about 13°C to steam at 101°C. It was said to involve nuclear reactions between nickel built into the device and input hydrogen gas. An electrical heater in the device consumed about 1000 W at startup. Later, once the reactions started and provided heat, the input power was reduced to about 400 W. Consumption of hydrogen gas was essentially negligible.

DOWNLOAD


Nager, U.

Nager, U., et al., High Precision Calorimetric Apparatus for Studying Electrolysis Reactions. Rev. Sci. Instr., 1990. 61(5): p. 1504.

Coauthors: Hayden, M. E., Booth, J. L., Hardy, W. N., Whitehead, L. A., Carolan, J. F., Balzarini, D. A., Wishnow, E. H., Blake, C. C.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: calorimeter, method, apparatus, heat


Nakada, M.

Nakada, M., et al. A Role of Lithium for the Neutron Emission in Heavy Water Electrolysis. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Kusunoki, T., Okamoto, M., Odawara, O.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Li, Pd, D2O, neutron, surface analysis, electrolysis, ICCF-3

Nakada, M., T. Kusunoki, and M. Okamoto. Energy of the Neutrons Emitted in Heavy Water Electrolysis. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Kusunoki, T., Okamoto, M.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, D2O, neutron, energy, electrolysis, ICCF-3


Nakamitsu, Y.

Nakamitsu, Y., et al., Study of cold nuclear fusion with electrolysis at low-temperature range. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107: p. 117.

Coauthors: Chiba, M., Fukushima, K., Hirose, T., Kubo, K., Fujii, M., Nakahara, H., Seimiya, T., Sueki, K., Katada, M., Baba, N., Kamasaki, S., Ikuta, S., Endo, K., Shirakawa, T.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: methanol, Pd, electrolysis, low temperature, neutron,


Nakamura, K.

Nakamura, K., T. Kawase, and I. Ogura, Possibility of element transmutation by arcing in water. Kinki Daigaku Genshiryoku Kenkyusho Nenpo, 1996. 33: p. 25 (in Japanese).

Coauthors: Kawase, T., Ogura, I.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat, gas discharge, electrolysis, D2

Nakamura, K., Y. Kishimoto, and I. Ogura, Element Conversion by Arcing in Aqueous Solution. J. New Energy, 1997. 2(2): p. 53.

Coauthors: Kishimoto, Y., Ogura, I.
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: gas discharge,


Nakata, T.

Nakata, T., Y. Tsuchida, and K. Kunimatsu. Absorption of Hydrogen into Palladium Foil Electrode: Effect of Thiourea. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Tsuchida, Y., Kunimatsu, K.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: thiourea, Pd, D2O, loading, overvoltage, ICCF-3

Nakata, T., et al. Excess Heat Measurement at High Cathode Loading by Deuterium During Electrolysis of Heavy Water using Pd Cathode. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Kobayashi, M., Nagahama, M., Akita, H., Hasegawa, N., Kunimatsu, K.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat-, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, D/Pd, loading, Pd-Rh, ICCF-6


Nakazawa, M.

Nakazawa, M., et al., Cold fusion and low level neutron measurements. Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkaishi, 1990. 32: p. 114 (In Japanese).

Coauthors: Shibata, T., Iguchi, T., Akimoto, T., Niimura, N., Oyama, Y., Aizawa, O.
Category: Review
Keywords: review

Nakazawa, M., Urtra low-level neutron counting. Hoshasen, 1990. 16(3): p. 8 (in Japanese).

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review, neutron, method


Narita, S.

Narita, S., et al. Gamma Ray Detection and Surface Analysis on Palladium Electrode in DC Glow-like Discharge Experiment. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Coauthors: Yamada, H., Arapi, A., Sato, N., Kato, D., Yamamura, M., Itagaki, M.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: glow discharge, radioactivity, gamma, transmutation

We performed glow-like discharge experiments using deuterated palladium cathode in deuterium atmosphere to investigate the possibility of inducing low-energy nuclear reaction. Anomalous gamma ray emissions in the 80 - 230keV region were sometimes observed. It was assumed that a nuclear reaction took place during the experiment, producing short-lived radioisotopes, and these radioisotopes emitted the gamma rays in their decay processes. Elements and their isotopic abundance on the palladium cathodes were investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to find evidence of a nuclear reaction.

DOWNLOAD

Narita, S., et al. Discharge Experiment Using Pd/CaO/Pd Multi-layered Cathode (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Coauthors: Yamada, H., Takahashi, D., Wagatsuma, Y., Taniguchi, S., Itagaki, M.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation, glow discharge

Narita, S., et al. Discharge Experiment Using Pd/CaO/Pd Multi-layered Cathode. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Coauthors: Yamada, H., Takahashi, D., Wagatsuma, Y., Taniguchi, S., Itagaki, M.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: glow discharge, transmutation


Nassikas, A. A.

Nassikas, A.A. The Cold Fusion as a Space-Time Pumping Process. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, ICCF-8


Nassisi, V.

Nassisi, V., Incandescent Pd and Anomalous Distribution of Elements in Deuterated Samples Processed by an Excimer Laser. J. New Energy, 1997. 2(3/4): p. 14.

Coauthors:
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: laser,

Nassisi, V., Transmutation of elements in saturated palladium hydrides by an XeCl excimer laser. Fusion Technol., 1998. 33: p. 468.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, laser, D2, surface analysis, neutron, transmutation,

Nassisi, V. and M.L. Longo, Experimental results of transmutation of elements observed in etched palladium samples by an excimer laser. Fusion Technol., 2000. 37: p. 247.

Coauthors: Longo, M. L.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Pd, D2, transmutation, surface analysis, transmutation, laser


Nassissi, V.

Nassissi, V., Incandescent Pd and Anomalous Distribution of Elements in Deuterated Samples Processed by an Excimer Laser. J. New Energy, 1997. 2(3/4): p. 14.

Coauthors:
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: laser,


Natter, H.

Natter, H., et al., Hydrogen in nanocrystalline palladium. J. Alloys and Compounds, 1997. 253-254: p. 84.

Coauthors: Wettmann, B., Heisel, B., Hempelmann, R.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: palladium black, diffusion, phase diagram, pressure, Pd-black


Nayar, M. G.

Nayar, M.G., et al., Preliminary Results Of Cold Fusion Studies Using A Five Module High Current Electrolytic Cell, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 2.

Coauthors: Mitra, S. K., Raghunathan, P., Krishnan, M. S., Malhotra, S. K., Gaonkar, D. G., Sikka, S. K., Shyam, A., Chitra, V.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: neutron, tritium, Pd, D

Introduction
In their first cold fusion paper Fleischmann et al. suggested that an electrolytic cell with large volume and surface area and high current density may cause fusion reactions resulting in the production of significant amounts of heat and nuclear particles. The experiments reported in this paper present the results of our early efforts to design and operate a high current modular Pd-Ni electrolytic cell and look for cold fusion reactions.

DOWNLOAD


Nedospasov, A. V.

Nedospasov, A.V. and E.V. Mudetskaya, Comments on the possible nature of 'cold fusion' phenomena. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 121.

Coauthors: Mudetskaya, E. V.
Category: Theory
Keywords: Theory, eleptino


Nefedov, V. I.

Nefedov, V.I., Cold nuclear fusion? Vestnik Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1991(1): p. 49 (in Russian).

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review


Nezu, S.

Nezu, S. and T. Sano. Measurement of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Electrodes Cathodically Polarized in Aqueous Solutions. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Coauthors: Sano, T.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, D2O, loading, Pd-Ag, Pd-Ce, Pd-Rh, ICCF-4, electrolysis


Nicholson, J. P.

Nicholson, J.P., A search for particle emission from a gas-loaded deuterium-palladium system in the alpha-beta phase. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 383.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, D2, neutron, proton, Pd, particle emission


Niedra, J. M.

Niedra, J.M. and I.T. Myers, Replication of the apparent excess heat effect in light water-potassium carbonate-nickel-electrolytic cell. Infinite Energy, 1996. 2(7): p. 62.

Coauthors: Myers, I. T.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat-, H2O, Ni, electrolysis, replication Mills

ABSTRACT
 
Replication of experiments claiming to demonstrate excess heat production in light water-Ni-K2CO3 electrolytic cells was found to produce an apparent excess heat of 11 W maximum, for 60 W electrical power into the cell. Power gains ranged from 1.06 to 1.68. The cell was operated at four different dc current levels plus one pulsed current run at 1 Hz, 10% duty cycle. The 28 liter cell used in these verification tests was on loan from a private corporation whose own tests with similar cells are documented to produce 50 W steady excess heat for a continuous period exceeding hundreds of days. The apparent excess heat can not be readily explained either in terms of nonlinearity of the cell's thermal conductance at a low temperature differential or by thermoelectric heat pumping. However, the present data do admit efficient recombination of dissolved hydrogen-oxygen as an ordinary explanation. Calorimetry methods and heat balance calculations for the verification tests are described. Considering the large magnitude of benefit if this effect is found to be a genuine new energy source, a more thorough investigation of evolved heat in the nickel-hydrogen system in both electrolytic and gaseous loading cells remains warranted.

DOWNLOAD


Nigmatulin, R. I.

Nigmatulin, R.I., R.P. Taleyarkhan, and R.T. Lahey, Evidence for nuclear emissions during acoustic cavitation revisited. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A J. Power Eng., 2004. 218.

Coauthors: Taleyarkhan, R. P., Lahey, R. T.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Cavitation

Nigmatulin, R.I., et al., Theory of supercompression of vapor bubbles and nanoscale thermonuclear fusion. Phys. Fluids, 2005. 17.

Coauthors: Akhatov, I., Topolnikov, A., Bolotnova, R., Vakhitova, N., Lahey, R. T., Taleyarkhan, R. P.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Sonofusion


Nimtz, G.

Nimtz, G. and P. Marquardt, A proposal for a lukewarm nuclear fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 518.

Coauthors: Marquardt, P.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory


Nishimiya, N.

Nishimiya, N., et al., Hyperstoichiometric Hydrogen Occlusion by Palladium Nanoparticles Included in NaY Zeolite. J. Alloys and Compounds, 2001. 319: p. 312.

Coauthors: Kishi, T., Mizushima, T., Matsumoto, A., Tsutsumi, K.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, PdH, composition, nanoparticles, PdH2


Nishizawa, K.

Nishizawa, K., Radiation Protection Aspects of cold fusion. Hoken Butsuri, 1990. 25: p. 288 (in Japanese).

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: health

Nishizawa, K., Neutron measurements in cold fusion. Hoshasen, 1991. 17(1): p. 4 (in Japanese).

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: neutron, D2, Pd, gas discharge, ion bombardment,


Noble, G.

Noble, G., J. Dash, and L. McNasser. Electrolysis of Heavy Water with a Palladium and Sulfate Composite. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Coauthors: Dash, J., McNasser, L.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: electrolysis, D2O, Pd, heat+, coating, Pt, layer, ICCF-5


Nohmi, T.

Nohmi, T., et al. Basic Research On Condensed Matter Nuclear Reaction Using Pd Powders Charged With High Density Deuterium. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Coauthors: Sasaki, Y., Yamaguchi, T., Taniike, A., Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: heat, nanoparticles

We have constructed an experimental system to replicate the phenomenon of heat and 4He generation by D2 gas absorption in nano-sized Pd powders reported by Arata, and to investigate the underlying physics. We performed calorimetry during D2 or H2 absorption with micronized powders of Si, Pd and Pd-black. With D2, after the palladium deuteride formed, the cell produced 8.3 ±4.5 kJ (or 2.6 ±1.4 kJ/g), which is somewhat larger than the systematic error of 4.0 kJ estimated from an H2 blank.

DOWNLOAD


Nomura, K.

Nomura, K. and E. Akiba, Trial of nuclear fusion. Busshitsu Kogaku Gijutsu Kenkyusho Hokoku, 1994. 2(4): p. 439 (in Japanese).

Coauthors: Akiba, E.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: D2, titanium Pd, LaNi5 Mg2Ni, neutron, Pd Ti


none

none, 'New Physics' finds a haven at the patent office. Science, 1999. 284: p. 1252.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: history, patent


Noninski, V. C.

Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Comments on 'measurement and analysis of neutron and gamma-ray emission rates, other fusion products, and power in electrochemical cells having palladium cathodes'. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 579.

Coauthors: Noninski, C. I.
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, Albagli, heat

Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Determination of the excess energy obtained during the electrolysis of heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 364.

Coauthors: Noninski, C. I.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat+, Pd, electrolysis, D2

Noninski, V.C., Excess heat during the electrolysis of a light water solution of K2CO3 with a nickel cathode. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 163.

Coauthors:
Category: Critique
Keywords: heat+, Ni, H2O, critique Mills

Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Notes on two papers claiming no evidence for the existence of excess energy during the electrolysis of 0.1M LiOD/D2O with palladium cathodes. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 474.

Coauthors: Noninski, C. I.
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, Lewis, Albagli, heat, MIT

Noninski, V.C., J.L. Ciottone, and P.J. White, Experiments on a possible gamma-ray emission caused by a chemical process. J. Sci. Expl., 1995. 9: p. 201.

Coauthors: Ciottone, J. L., White, P. J.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: transmutation, gamma emission, chemical

Noninski, V.C., J.L. Ciottone, and P.J. White, Experiments on claimed beta-particle emission decay. J. Sci. Expl., 1995. 9: p. 317.

Coauthors: Ciottone, J. L., White, P. J.
Category: Critique
Keywords: transmutation, critique, Lin

Noninski, V.C., J.L. Ciottone, and P.J. White, Experiments on claimed transmutation of elements caused by a chemical process. J. Sci. Expl., 1996. 10: p. 249.

Coauthors: Ciottone, J. L., White, P. J.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation, chemical

Noninski, V.C., J.L. Ciottone, and P.J. White, On an experimental curiosity that if undetected may lead to erroneous far-reaching conclusions. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 248.

Coauthors: Ciottone, J. L., White, P. J.
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, transmutation, chemical


Norberg, R. E.

Norberg, R.E., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Hydrogen Absorbed into Palladium Wire. Phys. Rev., 1952. 86: p. 745.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: NMR, Pd, H

Norberg, R.E., Nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen absorbed into palladium wires. Phys. Rev., 1952. 86(5): p. 745.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Pd, H2, NMR


Nordemann, D. J. R.

Nordemann, D.J.R., Cold fusion and geophysics: the current situation. Mineracao Metalurgia, 1989. 53: p. 51 (in Portuguese).

Coauthors:
Category: Critique
Keywords: review, critique


Nordlander, P.

Nordlander, P., et al., Multiple deuterium occupancy of vacancies in Pd and related metals. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40: p. 1990.

Coauthors: Noerskov, J. K., Besenbacher, F., Myers, S. M.
Category: Theory
Keywords: Pd, H, D, vacancy, theory, structure, PdD, distance


Notoya, R.

Notoya, R. and M. Enyo. Excess Heat Production in Electrolysis of Potassium Carbonate Solution with Nickel Electrodes. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Enyo, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: transmutation, K2CaO3, Ni, H2O heat electrolysis K, ICCF-3

Notoya, R. Alkali-Hydrogen Cold Fusion Accompanied by Tritium Production on Nickel. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Ni, H2O, tritium, overvoltage, ICCF-4 electrolysis

Notoya, R., Cold fusion by electrolysis in a light water-potassium carbonate solution with a nickel electrode. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 202.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Ni, H2O, transmutation, Ca, heat+,

Notoya, R., Current status of cold fusion research. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1993. 39(9): p. 34 (in Japanese).

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review

Notoya, R., Y. Noya, and T. Ohnishi, Tritium generation and large excess heat evolution by electrolysis in light and heavy water-potassium carbonate solutions with nickel electrodes. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 179.

Coauthors: Noya, Y., Ohnishi, T.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: tritium, Ni, D2O, H2O, heat+, transmutation, Ca

Notoya, R. Nuclear Products of Cold Fusion Caused by Electrolysis in Alkali Metallic Ions Solutions. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: H2O, electrolysis, transmutation, Ni, heat, radioactivity, ICCF-5

Notoya, R., Cold fusion arising from hydrogen evolution reaction on active metals in alkali metallic ions' solutions. Environ. Res. Forum, 1996. 1-2: p. 127.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: tritium, transmutation, gamma emission, heat, nickel, Pd theory

Notoya, R., Low Temperature Nuclear Change of Alkali Metallic Ions Caused by Electrolysis. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(1): p. 39.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: electrolysis,

Notoya, R., T. Ohnishi, and Y. Noya, Nuclear Reaction Caused by Electrolysis in Light and Heavy Water Solutions. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(4): p. 40.

Coauthors: Ohnishi, T., Noya, Y.
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: H2O,

Notoya, R., T. Ohnishi, and Y. Noya. Products of Nuclear Processes Caused by Electrolysis on Nickel and Platinum Electrodes in Solutions of Alkali-Metallic Ions. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors: Ohnishi, T., Noya, Y.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: transmutation Pd, nickel, electrolysis, gamma emission ICCF-7


Nowicka, E.

Nowicka, E. and R. Du‱s, H2 dissociative adsorption on palladium hydride and titanium hydride surfaces: Evidence for weakly bound state of hydrogen adatoms. J. Alloys and Compounds, 1997. 253-254: p. 506.

Coauthors: Du‱s, R.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: PdH, TiH, surface, absorption, H2


NREL

NREL, Energy Overview from NREL. 2006, NREL. p. 17.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: Review

This document has no connection to cold fusion, but it is valuable public domain information, it is no longer in print, and it does not appear to be available elsewhere on the Internet.
 Pages 2 – 16 are from the U.S. DoE Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy (NREL), Hydrogen Program Plan--FY 1993--FY 1997, June 1992, Appendixes A and C.
 Page 17 shows a graph published by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2001. The graph shows that most energy is lost as “rejected energy” (waste heat), especially in Electricity generation (70% waste) and Transportation (80% waste). Better technology would greatly reduce this waste. Most generators convert only 33% of the heat from burning coal or gas into electricity; advanced generators convert 40%. Most automobiles convert only 15% of the heat from gasoline into useful vehicle propulsion; hybrid and electric automobiles convert 30% or more. This graph is based on the DoE Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review. This review is an excellent, comprehensive source of online information. See:
 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/contents.html

DOWNLOAD


Numata, H.

Numata, H., et al. Neutron Emission and Surface Observation During a Long-Term Evolution of Deuterium on Pd in 0.1 M LiOD. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Coauthors: Takagi, R., Ohno, I., Kawamura, K., Haruyama, S.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, neutron, D2O, metallurgy, energy, overvoltage, ICCF-2, cracks, fractofusion

Numata, H. and I. Ohno. In situ potentio, resisto and dilatomic measurement of repeated hydrogen absorption in Pd electrode by electrochemical cathodic loading method. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Ohno, I.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: loading, OCV, Pd, expansion, pressure, resistivity, electrolysis, D2O, ICCF-6

Numata, H. and M. Fukuhara, Low-temperature elastic anomalies and heat generation of deuterated palladium. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 300.

Coauthors: Fukuhara, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: PdD, Young's moduli, Lame parameter, Poisson ratio, Debye temperature, heat, structure

Numata, H. and I. Ohno, In Situ Potentiometric, Resistance, and Dilatometric Measurements of Palladium Electrodes During Repeated Electrochemical Hydrogen Absorption. Fusion Technol., 2000. 38: p. 206.

Coauthors: Ohno, I.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: resistance, Pd, expansion, H2, PdH, overvoltage

Numata, H. and M. Ban. Magnetic Interaction Of Hypothetical Particles Moving Beneath The Electrode/Electrolyte Interface To Elucidate Evolution Mechanism Of Vortex Appeared On Pd Surface After Long-Term Evolution Of Deuterium In 0.1M LiOD. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Coauthors: Ban, M.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory


Nygren, L. A.

Nygren, L.A. and R.G. Leisure, Elastic Constants of a'-Phase PdHx Over the Temperature Range 4-300K. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1988. 37: p. 6482.

Coauthors: Leisure, R. G.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: strength, elastic Constant, PDH

Nygren, L.A. and R.G. Leisure, Hydrogen hopping rates and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in PdHx. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 11: p. 7611.

Coauthors: Leisure, R. G.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Pd, H, interaction, diffusion,


Oates, W. A.

Oates, W.A. and T.B. Flanagan, Formation of Nearly Stoichiometric Palladium-Hydrogen Systems. Nature Phys. Sci., 1971. 231: p. 19.

Coauthors: Flanagan, T. B.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Pd, H2, composition, loading, method H/Pd

Oates, W.A. and T.B. Flanagan, Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen in Palladium and its Alloys under Conditions of Constant Volume. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1977. 1(73): p. 993.

Coauthors: Flanagan, T. B.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: H2, Pd, PdH, thermodynamic, pressure


Ochiai, K.

Ochiai, K., et al. Deuteron Fusion Experiments in Metal Foils Implanted with Deutron Beams. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Iida, T., Beppu, N., Maruta, K., Miyamaru, H., Takahashi, A.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: ion implantation, Pd, D2, particle emission, ICCF-6

Ochiai, K., et al. Measurement of High-Energetic Particles from Titanium Sheets Implanted with Deuterium. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors: Maruta, K., Miyamaru, H., Takahashi, A.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: ion bombardment, D2, titanium, particle emission, tritium ICCF-7


Ogawa, H.

Ogawa, H., et al. Correlation of Excess Heat and Neutron Emission in Pd-Li-D Electrolysis. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Coauthors: Yoshida, S., Yoshinaga, Y., Aida, M., Okamoto, M.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, D2O, heat+, neutron, electrolysis, hardness, resistance, ICCF-5

To investigate the dominant factors that allow a reproducible nuclear reaction in D-Pd systems, the initial electric resistance and the hardness of the Pd cathode have been examined for excess heat generation and the excess neutron emission in LiOD-Pd electrolysis cells. Two background (control) runs and one foreground run with the Pd cathode of high electric resistance and high hardness gave no nuclear effects, while one foreground run with low electric resistance and low hardness gave appreciable excess neutron emission and the excess heat generation. Reversed correlation was found between the two nuclear effects.

DOWNLOAD


Oguro, K.

Oguro, K., Hydrogen absorbing alloys and low-temperature nuclear fusion. Zairyo, 1990. 39(437): p. 228 (in Japanese).

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review


Oh, H. K.

Oh, H.K., Some observatins on the cavity of creation for cold fusion and the generation of heat. J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 1999. 94: p. 60.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: Theory, pi rays


Ohashi, H.

Ohashi, H. and T. Morozumi, Decoding of thermal data in Fleischmann & Pons paper. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1989. 26(7): p. 729.

Coauthors: Morozumi, T.
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, Fleischmann


Ohmori, T.

Ohmori, T., et al., Ex situ observation of electrochemically hydrogenated palladium using a scanning tunneling microscope. Chem. Lett., 1991. 1991: p. 96.

Coauthors: Sakamaki, K., Hashimoto, K., Fujishima, A.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: loading, Pd, H2O, surface

Ohmori, T. and M. Enyo. Excess Heat Production during Electrolysis of H2O on Ni, Au, Ag and Sn Electrodes in Alkaline Media. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Enyo, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Ni, Au, Ag, Sn, H2O, heat+, transmutation, KOH, calcium, Ni, H2O, electrolysis, ICCF-3

Ohmori, T. and M. Enyo, Excess heat evolution during electrolysis of H2O with nickel, gold, silver, and tin cathodes. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 293.

Coauthors: Enyo, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Ni, H2O, heat, transmutation, electrolysis, Sn replication, Miles

Ohmori, T. and M. Enyo, Iron Formation in Gold and Palladium Cathodes. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(1): p. 15.

Coauthors: Enyo, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: electrolysis,

ABSTRACT
 Investigation of some reaction products possibly produced by electrolyzing with Au and Pd electrodes in Na2SO4, K2CO3, and KOH light water solutions was made. The electrolysis was performed for 7 days with a constant current of 1 A. After the electrolysis the elements accumulated in the electrode were analyzed by means of AES. In every case a notable amount of Fe atoms were detected together with a certain amount of excess energy evolution, being in the range of 9 x 1015 to 1.8 x 1016 atoms/cm2 for Au and of 1.2 x 1015 to 4.0 x 1016 atoms/cm2 for Pd. The isotopic abundance of these Fe atoms was measured by means of SIMS, which was 6.5, 77.5, and 14.5% for 54Fe, 56Fe and 57Fe, respectively, at the top surface of Au electrode, obviously different from the natural values. For Pd electrode, a considerable increase in the contents of 54Fe and 57Fe was observed.

DOWNLOAD

Ohmori, T., T. Mizuno, and M. Enyo, Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrlysis on gold electrodes. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 90.

Coauthors: Mizuno, T., Enyo, M.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation, Au, H2O, layer, Au-Pt

Ohmori, T., T. Mizuno, and M. Enyo, Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrolysis on gold electrodes. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 90.

Coauthors: Mizuno, T., Enyo, M.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation, Au, H2O, layer, Au-Pt

Ohmori, T., et al., Low temperature nuclear transmutation forming iron on/in gold electrode during light water electrolysis. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1997. 22: p. 459.

Coauthors: Mizuno, T., Minagawa, H., Enyo, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: transmutation, Au, H2O, electrolysis, surface analysis

Ohmori, T. and T. Mizuno, Nuclear transmutation occurring in the electrolysis on several metal electrodes. Curr. Topics Electrochem., 1997. 5: p. 37.

Coauthors: Mizuno, T.
Category: Review
Keywords: Review, H2O, electrolysis, transmutation

Ohmori, T., et al., Transmutation in the electrolysis of lightwater - excess energy and iron production in a gold electrode. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 210.

Coauthors: Enyo, M., Mizuno, T., Nodasaka, Y., Minagawa, H.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: transmutation, Au, H2O, heat+, surface analysis, electrolysis

Ohmori, T. and T. Mizuno, Excess energy evolution and transmutation. Infinite Energy, 1998. 4(20): p. 14.

Coauthors: Mizuno, T.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: transmutation plasma, H2O heat+,

Ohmori, T., et al., Nuclear transmutation reaction occurring during the light water electrolysis on Pd electrode. Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, 1998. 6(1): p. 35.

Coauthors: Mizuno, T., Kurokawa, K., Enyo, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, H2O, electrolysis, surface analysis, transmutation

Ohmori, T. and T. Mizuno. Strong Excess Energy Evolution, New Element Production, and Electromagnetic Wave and/or Neutron Emission in the Light Water Electrolysis with a Tungsten Cathode. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors: Mizuno, T.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: transmutation, heat+, neutron, electrolysis, plasma discharge, H2O, ICCF-7

Ohmori, T., et al., Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system. Fusion Technol., 1998. 33: p. 367.

Coauthors: Mizuno, T., Nodasaka, Y., Enyo, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: electrolysis, transmutation, Au, surface analysis, heat+,

Ohmori, T. and T. Mizuno, Nuclear transmutation reaction caused by light water electrolysis on tungsten cathode under incandescent conditions. Infinite Energy, 1999. 5(27): p. 34.

Coauthors: Mizuno, T.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation plasma discharge, H2

Ohmori, T., Reply to 'Comments on 'Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system''. Fusion Technol., 1999. 36: p. 243.

Coauthors:
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, Lewis

Ohmori, T., Letter to the Editor: 'Reply to 'Comments on "Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system". Fusion Technol., 2000. 38: p. 274.

Coauthors:
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, Lewis

Ohmori, T., Recent development in solid state nuclear transmutation occurring by the electrolysis. Curr. Topics Electrochem., 2000. 7: p. 101.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: plasma, heat transmutation, electrolysis, W


Ohms, D.

Ohms, D., D. Rahner, and K. Wiesener, Kernfusion in einer Elektrolysezelle?" ("Nuclear fusion in an electrolysis cell?"). Mitteilungsblatt - Chem. Ges. DDR, 1989. 36: p. 151 (in German).

Coauthors: Rahner, D., Wiesener, K.
Category: Critique
Keywords: Review, electrolysis, Pd, heat, neutron, critique, Fleischmann,


Ohta, M.

Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Possible Mechanisms of Coherent Multibody Fusion. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Coauthors: Takahashi, A.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, ICCF-8

Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Analysis on nuclear transmutation by MPIF/SCS method. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Coauthors: Takahashi, A.
Category: Theory
Keywords: transmutation, theory, fission, uranium, gold, palladium, tungsten

Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Analysis of Nuclear Transmutation Induced from Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products Reaction. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Coauthors: Takahashi, A.
Category: Theory
Keywords: Theory, multibody

Nuclear transmutation is analyzed by the selective channel scission model. The fission product yields for Pd plus a or 8Be reactions are calculated as secondary reactions of the multi-body fusion. And an anomalous isotopic ratio of Fe, which is reported by many researchers, is also analyzed and the analytical result shows good consistency with experimental results.

DOWNLOAD

Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Analysis Of Nuclear Transmutation Induced From Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products, Reaction (PowerPoint slides). in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Coauthors: Takahashi, A.
Category: Theory
Keywords: Theory, multibody

ICCF-10 PowerPoint presentation.

DOWNLOAD


Ohta, T.

Ohta, T., Is cold fusion possible? A proposal of the concept of "surfusion. Hyomen Kagaku, 1989. 10(11): p. 896 (in Japanese).

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: Review


Oka, Y.

Oka, Y., S. Koshizuka, and S. Kondo, D2O-fueled fusion power reactor using electrochemically induced deuterium-deuterium D-Dn, D-Dp and deuterium-tritium reactions - preliminary design of a reactor system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 263.

Coauthors: Koshizuka, S., Kondo, S.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat, method

Oka, Y., S. Koshizuka, and S. Kondo, Electrochemically induced deuterium-tritium fusion power reactor - preliminary design of a reactor system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 260.

Coauthors: Koshizuka, S., Kondo, S.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: method, electrolysis


Okabe, S.

Okabe, S., Some new scientific fields related to exoelectron emission and fracto-emission. Poverkhnost, 1993(7): p. 34.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: fractofusion, fractoemission


Okamoto, H.

Okamoto, H. and S. Nezu. Measurements of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Anodes Polarized in LiH-LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Systems. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Coauthors: Nezu, S.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: loading, Pd, Molten Salt, overvoltage, Fused Salt, ICCF-4,

Okamoto, H., et al. Approach to Obtain Higher Deuterium Loading Ratios of Palladium Cathodes. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Coauthors: Sano, T., Oyabe, Y., Terazawa, T., Ohi, T.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, loading, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-5


Okamoto, M.

Okamoto, M., et al. Behavior of Key Elements in Pd for the Solid State Nuclear Phenomena Occurred in Heavy Water Electrolysis. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Coauthors: Ogawa, H., Yoshinaga, Y., Kusunoki, T., Odawara, O.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: surface analysis, Pd, SIMS, resistance, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-4, heat

Okamoto, M., et al. Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Coauthors: Yoshinaga, Y., Aida, M., Kusunoki, T.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, D2O, heat+, neutron+, energy, electrolysis, ICCF-4

Okamoto, M., et al., Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 176.

Coauthors: Yoshinaga, Y., Aida, M., Kusunoki, T.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, D2O, heat+, neutron+, energy, electrolysis

ABSTRACT
To elucidate the mechanism of the excess heat generation (EHG), the correlation of the EHG with the nuclear effects, especially the excess neutron emission (ENE), and electrochemical effects, especially the cell voltage (CV) change, is discussed based on the data obtained in a series of electrolysis of heavy water or light water in D2(H2)O-LiOD(H)-Pd systems.

DOWNLOAD


Okoye, S.

Okoye, S., Cold Fusion, The Unlimited Energy Source: A Myth Or Reality?, in NigeriaWorld. 2005.

Coauthors:
Category: News report
Keywords:


Olayo, M. G.

Olayo, M.G., et al., Absorption of deuterium in titanium plates induced by electric discharges. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1998. 23: p. 885.

Coauthors: Cruz, G. J., Balderas, L., Melendez, L., Chavez, A., Valencia, R., Chavez, E., Flores, A., Lopez, R.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: D2, titanium, gas discharge, ion bombardment, neutron


Oleari, L.

Oleari, L. On the Probability of Collisions of the Nuclei in H2 and D2 Molecules. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, ICCF-8


Olemskoj, A. I.

Olemskoj, A.I. and E.A. Toropov, On the fluctuation theory of cold fusion. Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), 1990. 35(11): p. 1619 (in Russian).

Coauthors: Toropov, E. A.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, Anderson


Oliphant, M. L.

Oliphant, M.L., P. Harteck, and Rutherford, Transmutation Effects Observed with Heavy Hydrogen. Nature (London), 1934. 133: p. 413.

Coauthors: Harteck, P., Rutherford
Category: Review
Keywords: fusion, history, ion bombardment


Olofsson, G.

Olofsson, G., I. Wadsoe, and L. Eberson, Design and testing of a calorimeter for measurements on electrochemical reactions with gas evolution. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1991. 23: p. 95.

Coauthors: Wadsoe, I., Eberson, L.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat, method


Ono, H.

Ono, H., et al., Absorption and desorption of hydrogen and deuterium into palladium. Denki Tsushin Daigaku Kiyo, 1991. 4: p. 235 (in Japanese).

Coauthors: Takahashi, S., Morisaki, H., Yazawa, K.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, electrolysis, surface analysis, D2O, H2O, neutron, gas discharge, D2


Oppenheimer, J. R.

Oppenheimer, J.R. and M. Phillips, Note on the Transmutation Function for Deuterons. Phys. Rev., 1935. 48: p. 500.

Coauthors: Phillips, M.
Category: Theory
Keywords: D, fusion, theory


Oriani, R. A.

Oriani, R.A., et al., Calorimetric measurements of excess power output during the cathodic charging of deuterium into palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 652.

Coauthors: Nelson, J. C., Lee, S. K., Broadhurst, J. H.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: heat+, Pd, electrolysis, D2O, H2O, tritium, neutron

A Seebeck-effect calorimeter was used to establish that generation of energy, in excess of the electrical energy input, can occur during the electrolysis of D2O. The magnitude of the excess power is measured with respect to the electrolysis of H2O as the baseline. The excess power levels of >60 W/cm3 palladium and excess energies of 74 kJ cannot be un­derstood in terms of recombination of D2 and O2 within the calorimeter, other chemical reactions, or a storage-and-relaxation mechanism.

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A. The Physical and Metallurgical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals (translation into Chinese). in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: H2, Phase Diagram, Lattice Parameter, dislocation, diffusion, review, Pd, ICCF-4

Translated by W.-S. Zhang.

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A. The Physical and Metallurgical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: H2, Phase Diagram, Lattice Parameter, dislocation, diffusion, review, Pd, ICCF-4

Abstract
To attempt to optimize the anomalous phenomena that today go under the label “cold fusion” the experimentalist should be aware of the many aspects of the behavior of hydrogen in metals and of its entry into and egress from metals.  This paper discusses the equilibrium characteristics of the isotopes of hydrogen in metals.  The first section discusses the thermodynamics of the terminal solutions of metal-hydrogen systems including the enthalpies of solutions, H-H interactions, effect of third elements, distribution of isotopes between the phases, site occupation, and the molar volume of hydrogen in metallic solutions.

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A. A Brief Survey of Useful Information About Hydrogen in Metals. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: loading, H2,

introduction
            Because cold fusion phenomena are notoriously erratic, and the parameters necessary to obtain reproducible and consistent results are poorly understood it is important to be aware of what is known about the state of hydrogen in metals and of the dynamics of its entry into and release from a metal.  This short paper cannot do more than indicate some of the important areas; the interested reader can obtain more information by reading the references (1-3).

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A., An investigation of anomalous thermal power generation from a proton-conducting oxide. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 281.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat+ proton conductor solid electrolyte, metal oxide replication

Abstract
A high-temperature Seebeck effect calorimeter, in which the thermoelectric emf across a large-area enveloping thermopile is a measure of the heat flux from a power source, has been constructed to examine the claimed generation of excess thermal energy from a proton-conducting oxide immersed in deuterium gas. The claim has been confirmed in a few experiments out of many unsuccessful ones.

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A., Anomalous heavy atomic masses produced by electrolysis. Fusion Technol., 1998. 34: p. 76.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: polyneutron, Fisher, C, Pd, electrolysis, transmutation

Oriani, R.A. Anomalous Heavy Atomic Masses Produced by Electrolysis. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: transmutation, C, electrolysis, ICCF-7, carbon

abstract
            By applying to electrolysis cathodes a technique that produces essentially only oxides that are volatile at room temperature, spectroscopically determined masses between 222 and 351 are found that cannot be ascribed to known compounds.  In particular the masses found between 231 and 240 AMU cannot be ascribed to random signals but do correspond to CO2 the carbon of which is a neutron-rich nuclide as predicted by a recent theory of polyneutron nuclear reactions.

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher, Generation of Nuclear Tracks during Electrolysis. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 2002. 41: p. 6180-6183.

Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: electrolysis, heavy water, lithium sulfate, palladium cathode, CR-39, charged particle, nuclear reaction

PLEASE NOTE! The printer made a major error in this paper. The version in our library is correct. The abstract begins:
 We show that energetic charged particles are produced during electrolysis of a D2O solution of Li2SO4 in a cell with a platinum anode and a palladium cathode. CR-39 plastic detectors, designed for recording alpha particles from radon decay, were immersed in the electrolyte during electrolysis. They recorded significantly larger numbers of energetic particle tracks than were recorded by control detectors not subject to electrolysis. Statistical analysis shows only a 3 * 10-6 probability that the electrolysis tracks and the control tracks could have arisen from a common population. We conclude that there is a causal relationship between electrolysis and the production of energetic charged particles. Because track formation requires particle energies substantially greater than thermal or electrochemical energies it seems inescapable that a nuclear reaction was responsible.

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher. Detection of Energetic Charged Particles During Electrolysis. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: charged particle, CR-39

By the use of Cr-39 particle track detectors immersed in the electrolyte, we confirm that a nuclear reaction of as-yet unknown nature can take place during electrolysis.  With Li2SO4 dissolved in D2O or H2O and either Pd or Ni as cathodes, a very large statistical difference in nuclear track generation is found between detector chips immersed during electrolysis and the control chips immersed in similar solutions not subjected to electrolysis.  The probability that the electrolysis tracks and the control tracks could have by chance arisen from a common population is 2.5 x 10-5, 1.2 x 10-6, and 5.8 x 10-4 for the systems Pd/D2O, Pd/H2O, and Ni/D2O, respectively.  We conclude that there is a causal relationship between electrolysis and energetic charged particles and that neither Pd nor D2O is essential for the generation of a nuclear reaction.  Some implications for theoretical considerations are presented.

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher. Energetic Charged Particles Produced in the Gas Phase by Electrolysis. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: charged particle, CR-39

abstract
            CR-39 plastic detector chips suspended in the vapor over the electrolytic solution during electrolysis record the tracks of highly energetic charged particles.  The probability that the track densities found in these detector chips and the generally smaller track densities found in controls belong to a common population is 3 x 10-10 by the Mann-Whitney statistical test.  It is therefore concluded that a nuclear reaction that originates in the vapor phase can accompany electrolysis.  Occasionally huge numbers of nuclear tracks are recorded by detector chips in the vapor over active electrolysis cells.  One such experiment is analyzed in which two contiguous detector chips recorded approximately 40,000 tracks.  Analysis of track orientations shows that the shower of charged particles originated in a compact source in the vapor between the chips at about 2 mm from one of the chips.  A new type of nuclear reaction is indicated. 

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher. Energetic particle shower in the vapor from electrolysis. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory

Approximately 40,000 energetic charged particles were recorded in a pair of plastic detector chips suspended in the vapor over an active electrolysis cell. Particle track locations and orientations were revealed by examining the etch pits produced by chemical etching. Analysis of track orientations indicates that the shower originated in a compact source in the vapor between the chips. The total magnitude of the shower is estimated to have been 150,000 particles and its duration is estimated to have been a few seconds. A previously unknown type of nuclear reaction is indicated.

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A. and J.C. Fisher. Nuclear reactions produced in an operating electrolysis cell. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Coauthors: Fisher, J. C.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: cr-39, particle emission

We report the results of experiments in which CR-39 plastic particle-detection chips were exposed in various environments within and surrounding operating electrolysis cells. Because CR-39 detectors record only particles with energies in excess of about 0.2 MeV the detected particles must have arisen in nuclear reactions. Evidence for such reactions was found in deuterium gas behind a palladium cathode that served as part of the cell enclosure, in air behind a similarly disposed nickel cathode, in air beyond the glass wall of the electrolysis cell, and in oxygen gas above the anode when anode and cathode were placed in separate arms of a U-tube cell. These results, augmented by earlier work indicating nuclear reactions within the electrolyte and in the hydrogen-oxygen gas over the electrolyte, cannot be understood in terms of conventional nuclear theory.

DOWNLOAD

Oriani, R.A. Reproducible Evidence For The Generation Of A Nuclear Reaction During Electrolysis. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Sonofusion

Past work in this laboratory has shown that nuclear particles generated during electrolysis can be registered by CR39 plastic detectors held within the electrolyte solution, suspended in the vapor above the solution, or placed just below the metal cathode that serves as the bottom of the electrolyte compartment of the electrolysis cell. However, not every electrolysis experiment produced nuclear particles so that total reproducibility was not achieved. Therefore another experimental technique has been developed which has shown the generation of nuclear particles in each of twenty five consecutive electrolysis experiments using heavy or light water solutions of lithium salts. The damage trails caused by the nuclear particles are made visible by etching in hot concentrated caustic solution, and the electrolysis experiments are accompanied by suitable blank, or control, experiments. The damage trails begin either at the surface of the CR39 chip that faces toward the electrolyte, at the opposite surface, or totally within the 0.83 mm thickness of the plastic detectors. It is demonstrated that the nuclear damage trails could not have been caused by ordinary radionuclides contaminating anything involved in the experimental procedure. The described phenomena pose a formidable challenge to nuclear theory.

DOWNLOAD


Osman, F.

Osman, F., et al., Supporting the Josephson Interpretation of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions and Stabilization of Nuclear Waste. Am. J. Applied Sci. 2, 2005. 6: p. 1049-1057.

Coauthors: Hora, H., Li, X. Z., Miley, G. H., Kelly, J.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory

Abstract: Brian Josephson appealed at the meeting of the Nobel Laureates July 2004 against the ignorance of physicist to the phenomenon of cold fusion. Though there are good reasons against many publications to this topic but not to all what was reported. It seems to be indicated to summarize the following serious, reproducible and confirmed observations on reactions of protons or deuterons incorporated in host metals such as palladium, nickel and other metals. We underline the confusing discovery by Cockroft and Oliphant with the anomalously low energy for nuclear reactions which was hundred times lower than in the usual cases when smashing nuclei against their Coulomb potential. A similar unexpected result was that of Otto Hahn’s-the chemist!-discovery of fission that had changed the world. A significant result for cold fusion was seen in gaseous atmosphere or discharges between palladium targets, rather significant and fully reproducible, e.g. from the “life after death” heat production of such high values per host atom that only nuclear reactions can be involved. This supports the earlier evaluation of neutron generation in fully reversible experiments with gas discharges hinting that a reasonable screening effect-preferably in the swimming electron layer-may lead to reactions at nuclear distances d of picometers with reaction probability times U of about megaseconds similar to the K-shell capture radioactivity. Further electrolytic experiments led to Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) where the involvement of pollution could be excluded from the generation of very seldom rare earth elements. A basically new theory for DD cross sections is used to confirm the picometer-megasecond reactions of cold fusion. Other theoretical aspects are given from measured heavy element distributions similar to the standard abundance distribution, SAD, in the Universe with consequences on endothermic heavy nuclei generation, magic numbers and to quarkgluon plasmas. One application may be the elimination of long lived nuclear waste by transmutation into stable nuclei.

DOWNLOAD


Osterwalder, J.

Osterwalder, J. and L. Schlapbach, Unoccupied Electronic States in Cerium Hydrides. Physica B, 1985. 130: p. 524.

Coauthors: Schlapbach, L.
Category: Miscellaneous
Keywords: CeH, bonding, density Of States


Ota, K.

Ota, K., et al. Heat Production at the Heavy Water Electrolysis Using Mechanically Treated Cathode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Kuratsuka, M., Ando, K., Iida, Y., Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, D2O, heat+, Pd-Ag, electrolysis, ICCF-3

Ota, K., et al. Heat Measurement of Water Electrolysis Using Pd Cathode and the Electrochemistry. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Coauthors: Yoshitake, H., Yamazaki, O., Kuratsuka, M., Yamaki, K., Ando, K., Iida, Y., Kamiya, N.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, D2O, Pd-Ag, heat+, surface analysis, electrolysis, Li, ICCF-4

Ota, K., H. Yoshitake, and N. Kamiya, Present status of cold fusion. Hyomen Kagaku, 1993. 14(9): p. 570 (in Japanese).

Coauthors: Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N.
Category: Review
Keywords: review

Ota, K., et al. Effect of Boron for the Heat Production at the Heavy Water Electrolysis using Palladium Cathodes. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Coauthors: Yamaki, K., Tanabe, S., Yoshitake, H., Kamiya, N.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, D2O, electrolysis, heat+, boron, ICCF-5

Ota, K. and T. Kobayashi, Cold fusion and calorimetry. Netsu Sokutei, 1997. 24(3): p. 138 (Japan., Engl. abstr.).

Coauthors: Kobayashi, T.
Category: Review
Keywords: Review, heat

Ota, K., et al., Effect of boron for the heat production during the heavy water electrolysis using palladium cathode. Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, 1998. 6(1): p. 26.

Coauthors: Kobayashi, T., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, electrolysis, heat+, boron,

Ota, K., et al. Heat Measurement During the Heavy Water Electrolysis using Pd Cathode. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors: Kobayashi, T., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat+, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, ICCF-7

Ota, K., et al. Some Experimental Results on Heat Measurement During Water Electrolysis. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Coauthors: Okabe, T., Kudoh, H., Fujii, M., Motohira, N., Kamiya, N.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: nickel, Pd, titanium, D2O, electrolysis, heat ICCF-8


Oya, Y.

Oya, Y., et al. Hydrogen Isotope Effect Induced by Neutron Irradiation in Pd-LiOD(H) Electrolysis. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Ogawa, H., Ono, T., Aida, M., Okamoto, M.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: neutron Pd, heat, electrolysis gamma emission, energy, electrolysis neutron irradiation, D2O, H2O ICCF-6

Oya, Y., et al. Material Conditions to Replicate the Generation of Excess Energy and the Emission of Excess Neutrons. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors: Ogawa, H., Aida, M., Iinuma, K., Okamoto, M.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: heat+, neutron, Pd, D2O, electrolysis, loading, surface analysis, D/Pd, ICCF-7

Abstract
The key parameters for occurrence of the anomalous phenomena, especially excess heat generation and emission of excess neutrons, have been investigated through a series of electrolytic experiments in Pd-LiOD(H) systems. Seven key parameters are identified. In the present work, a series of systematic experiments has been carried out with some param­eters fixed. By controlling the key parameters completely, the anomalous phenomena with appreciable correlation between the excess heat generation and the excess neutron emission can be replicated successfully.

DOWNLOAD

Oya, Y., et al. The Role of Alkaline Ions in Dynamic Movement of Hydrogen Isotopes in Pd. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors: Aida, M., Iinuma, K., Okamoto, M.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: loading, Pd, D2O, Li, surface analysis, electrolysis, D/Pd, ICCF-7

ABSTRACT
 Electrolysis in Pd-LiOD(H), NaOD(H) and KOD(H) systems was carried out to clarify the specific role of the lithium for tremendously high density and the dynamic movement of the deuterium on the surface of the Pd cathode. Only for LiOD system with pulse mode current electrolysis, anomalous high density of deuterium and lithium and the dynamic movement of deuterium are observed on the surface of the Pd cathode. A clear difference in absorption, desorption and depth profiles between LiOD(H) and NaOD(H) or KOD(H) system with the pulse mode current electrolysis is identified. This difference is at­tributed to the lithium accumulation structure on the Pd surface; only the pulse mode current electrolysis of Pd-LiOD system brings about the anomalous phenomena.

DOWNLOAD


Oyama, N.

Oyama, N., et al., Electrochemical calorimetry of D2O electrolysis using a palladium cathode - an undivided, open cell system -. Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1990. 63: p. 2659.

Coauthors: Ohsaka, T., Hatozaki, O., Kurasawa, Y., Yamamoto, N., Kasahara, S., Ohta, N., Imai, Y., Oyama, Y., Nakamura, T., Shibata, T., Imamura, M., Uwamino, Y., Shibata, S.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, electrolysis, D2O, H2O, heat

Oyama, N., et al., Probing absorption of deuterium into palladium cathodes during D2O electrolysis with an in situ electrochemical microbalance technique. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2, 1990. 29(5): p. L818.

Coauthors: Yamamoto, N., Hatozaki, O., Ohsaka, T.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Pd, loading, x-ray, structure,

This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
 The in situ observation of the absorption of deuterium (or hydrogen) into the Pd cathode during D2O (or H2O) electrolysis was made by an electrochemical microbalance technique which is based on the quartz-crystal electrode. The resonant frequency of the Pd-coated quartz-crystal electrode decreased with increasing amount of charge passed during electrolysis, and the frequency change for the D2O electrolysis was about twice that for the H2O electrolysis. The atom ratios of H/Pd and D/Pd of the H-Pd and D-Pd compounds resulting from the electrolysis were estimated to be 0.59 and 0.57, respectively.

DOWNLOAD

Oyama, N. and O. Hatozaki, Present and future of cold fusion - nuclear fusion induced by electrochemical reaction. Oyo Butsuri, 1991. 60: p. 220 (in Japanese).

Coauthors: Hatozaki, O.
Category: Review
Keywords: review

Oyama, N., et al. Electrochemical Calorimetry of D2O Electrolysis Using a Palladium Cathode in a Closed Cell System. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Terashima, T., Kasahara, S., Hatozaki, O., Ohsaka, T., Tatsuma, T.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, D2O, heat+, electrolysis, overvoltage, Li, Al, ICCF-3

Oyama, N., N. Yamamoto, and T. Tatsuma. In-Situ Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Water Electrolysis at a Palladium Cathode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Yamamoto, N., Tatsuma, T.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, Li, D2O, electrolysis, loading, ICCF-3

Oyama, N., et al. In situ interferometric microscopy of Pd electrode surfaces and calorimetry during electrolysis of D2O solution containing sulfur ion. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors: Ozaki, M., Tsukiyama, S., Hatozaki, O., Kunimatsu, K.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, heat+, electrolysis, S, D2O, surface analysis, ICCF-6


Oyama, Y.

Oyama, Y., Very low level flux neutron measurement with an NE213 liquid scintillator. Hoshasen, 1990. 16: p. 15 (in Japanese).

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: neutron, method,


Ozdemir, P.

Ozdemir, P., The Energy Release Mechanism of Newley-Formed Alpha Bosons in a Quantum Crystal Lattice. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(2): p. 45.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory


Packham, N. J. C.

Packham, N.J.C., et al., Production of tritium from D2O electrolysis at a palladium cathode. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 270: p. 451.

Coauthors: Wolf, K. L., Wass, J. C., Kainthla, R. C., Bockris, J.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, electrolysis, tritium, D2

INTRODUCTION
In the present communication, we report data that may be relevant to the phenomenon of room temperature fusion. It is the contention of the authors that the alleged phenomenon is better characterized by the production of nuclear particles than by the measurement of bursts of heat. Here, we describe the observation of tritium produced in eleven D2O electrolysis cells at levels 102-105 times above that expected from the normal isotopic enrichment of electrolysis. Particular attention has been paid to possible sources of contamination.

DOWNLOAD


Page, W. S.

Page, W.S. and D. Page. Two-dimensional Proton Conductors. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Coauthors: Page, D.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, ICCF-5


Palamalai, A.

Palamalai, A., et al., Preliminary experimental studies on electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium. Trans. SAEST, 1990. 25: p. 73.

Coauthors: Ahmed, A., Sampath, M., Chinnusamy, A., Prasad, G. N., Krishna Rao, K. S., Sreedharan, O. M., Raman, V. R., Balasubramanian, G. R.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: electrolysis, titanium, Pd, D2O, neutron,


Paleschi, V.

Paleschi, V., et al., A plasma model of the process of cold nuclear fusion in metals. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 148: p. 345.

Coauthors: Harith, M. A., Salvetti, G., Singh, D. P., Vaselli, M.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory


Palibroda, E.

Palibroda, E. and P. Gluck, Cold nuclear fusion in thin foils of palladium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1991. 154: p. 153.

Coauthors: Gluck, P.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, electrolysis, D2O, neutron,


Paneth, F.

Paneth, F. and K. Peters, On the transmutation of hydrogen into helium. Ber., 1926. 59: p. 2039 (in German).

Coauthors: Peters, K.
Category: Review
Keywords: helium H2, Pd, history

Paneth, F. and K. Peters, On the transmutation of hydrogen to helium. Naturwiss., 1926. 43: p. 956 (in German).

Coauthors: Peters, K.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: helium, H2, Pd

Paneth, F., K. Peters, and P. Guenther, On the transmutation of hydrogen into helium. Ber., 1927. 60: p. 808 (in German).

Coauthors: Peters, K., Guenther, P.
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, retraction, history

Paneth, F., The transmutation of hydrogen into helium. Nature (London), 1927. 119: p. 706.

Coauthors:
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique, retraction, history


Paolo, P.

Paolo, P., Cold fusion: what's going on? Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 711.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory


Pappas, P. T.

Pappas, P.T. The Electrically Induced Nuclear Fusion in a living Cell. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, biology, transmutation, ICCF-7


Para, A. F.

Para, A.F., et al., Neutron Monitoring and Related Measurements During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium and Titanium Cathodes: Activity Report. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 131.

Coauthors: Ducati, U., Sangiust, V., Cavallotti, P. L., Bortignon, P. F.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: Pd, D2O, neutron, tritium, Mass Spectrometry


Parish, T. A.

Parish, T.A., R.T. Perry, and W.B. Wilson, Neutron sources and spectra from cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 479.

Coauthors: Perry, R. T., Wilson, W. B.
Category: Theory
Keywords: neutron, method spectra, gamma emission, theory


Park, A. E.

Park, A.E., Some thoughts on a simple mechanism for the 2H + 2H --> 4He cold fusion reaction. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 319.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, He


Park, R. L.

Park, R.L., The Cold Fusion Story Has Been an Object Lesson on Why Science Flourishes Only in the Open. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1989: p. A44.

Coauthors:
Category: Critique
Keywords: history, critique, Fleischmann

Park, R.L., Voodoo Science. 2000, New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 211 pages.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: history


Park, Y. W.

Park, Y.W., et al., The observation of 2.2 MeV gamma-rays in an electrochemical cell. Sae Mulli, 1989. 29: p. 231.

Coauthors: Yoon, C. O., Yoon, M. Y., Kim, J. C.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: electrolysis Pd, Titanium, neutron, gamma emission


Parmenter, R. H.

Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, Cold fusion in metals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1989. 86: p. 8614.

Coauthors: Lamb, W. E.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, jellium

Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, Cold fusion in palladium: a more realistic calculation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1990. 87: p. 8652.

Coauthors: Lamb, W. E.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, Thomas-Fermi-Mott

Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, More cold fusion in metals: corrected calculations and other considerations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1990. 87: p. 3177.

Coauthors: Lamb, W. E.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory

Parmenter, R.H., A possible scenario for the onset of cold fusion in deuterated metals. Infinite Energy, 1998. 4(21): p. 41.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: Theory tunneling screening, resonance,

It is suggested that a pair of deuterons in a deuterated metal may resonant-tunnel through the Coulomb barrier separating them and form a helium isomer characterized by L = 1, S = 1 and odd parity. . . .

DOWNLOAD

Parmenter, R.H., Enhancement of Cold Fusion Processes in Palladium by Catalytic Agents. Infinite Energy, 2002. 8(43): p. 66.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory

The process of fusion of a pair of deuterons into an α parti­cle in palladium metal can be enhanced by the presence of free protons. The process of fusion of lithium 6 and a deuteron into a pair of α particles can be enhanced by the presence of free neutrons. . . .

DOWNLOAD


Parmigiani, F.

Parmigiani, F. and P.G. Sona, Theoretical considerations on the cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 913.

Coauthors: Sona, P. G.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, heavy electron


Paseka, I.

Paseka, I. and J. Vondrak, Cold nuclear fusion. Chem. Listy, 1990. 84: p. 897 (in Czech).

Coauthors: Vondrak, J.
Category: Review
Keywords: review,


Passell, T. O.

Passell, T.O. Overview and Status of the EPRI Program on Deuterated Metals. in ASME Joint International Power Generation Conference. 1994. Phoenix, AZ.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: Pd, D2O, heat, D/Pd

Passell, T.O. Charting the Way Forward in the EPRI Research Program on Deuterated Metals. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review, EPRI, Wolf, gamma emission, radioactivity, D2O, Pd ICCF-5, effect of H2

Passell, T.O., Radiation data reported by Wolf at Texas A&M as transmitted by T. Passell. 1995, EPRI.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: neutron, gamma emission

ABSTRACT
 Three cells were electrolyzed in series at constant low current 42 days near a neutron detector of low background (40 counts/hr) using a protocol of adding boron and aluminum at 0.001 molar to the 0.1 molar LiOD electrolyte at ~18th day. Cathodes were loaded with deuterium at a few 10’s of milliamps/cm2, with a 12-hour cryogenic treatment at day 17. Cathodes were sanded and replaced in the cell every 7 days. On the ~21st & 22nd days two successive fast neutron episodes were observed at about 2 times background. The neutron detector is minimally sensitive to gamma rays but gammas were observed near the end of the 20-hour neutron episode. When the cells were dismantled in late Sept 1992, all three cathodes (6 mm diameter x 60 mm long) were observed to be mildly radioactive. Analysis by germanium gamma detectors revealed presence of 100 billion atoms of Ag, Pd, Rh, and (one) Ru isotopes having ratios unlike those from bombardment by high-energy deuteron or proton beams.

DOWNLOAD

Passell, T.O., Overview of EPRI Program in Deuterated Metals. J. New Energy, 1996. 3(4): p. 1.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review,

Passell, T.O. Search for nuclear reaction products in heat-producing palladium. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: Pd, boron, theory, ICCF-6

Passell, T.O. Search for Nuclear Reaction Products in Heat-Producing Pd. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: transmutation, Pd, electrolysis, boron. ICCF-7

Passell, T.O. and R. George. Trace Elements Added to Palladium by Exposure to Gaseous Deuterium. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Coauthors: George, R.
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: Pd, transmutation, D2O, D2, ICCF-8

ABSTRACT
 This is an experimental program to investigate possible trace element changes brought about in palladium (Pd) after extensive electrolysis in heavy water electrolytes as well as long time contact of particulate Pd with gaseous deuterium. Of particular interest are cathodes and particulate Pd which had experienced episodes of excess heat production beyond all electrical and other inputs. This paper details the careful analysis by neutron activation analysis (NAA) of a set of three samples of finely powdered Pd exposed to high deuterium pressures (hundreds of atmospheres) near room temperature at the core of hollow cylindrical Pd cathodes. A fourth sample of unused Pd powder from the same batch used in the cathodes was analyzed as a control. The most prominent change observed in the three active samples versus the virgin Pd was the Zn-64 content. The active samples showed an increase in the Zn-64 isotope of 6 to 14 times that in the virgin Pd. Speculation regarding the source of this increased zinc varies from contamination during electron beam welding (used to seal off the hollow core) to nuclear reactions generated by high pressure deuterium gas on the large surface area Pd particles in the core.

DOWNLOAD

Passell, T.O. Evidence for Lithium-6 Depletion in Pd Exposed to Gaseous Deuterium and Hydrogen. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation

Passell, T.O. Pd-110/Pd108 Ratios and Trace Element Changes in Particulate Palladium Exposed to Deuterium Gas (PowerPoint slides). in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation

PowerPoint slides for this paper.

DOWNLOAD

Passell, T.O. Pd-110/Pd108 Ratios and Trace Element Changes in Particulate Palladium Exposed to Deuterium Gas. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation

ABSTRACT
 
Changes in Pd-110/Pd-108 ratios as well as the concentration of silver, gold, zinc, cobalt, iridium and lithium-7/6 ratios have been measured using neutron activation analysis (NAA) and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) on a set of four samples of particulate palladium exposed to high-pressure deuterium gas in the hollow core of Arata-Zhang cathodes.  Three samples were from cathodes producing excess heat (10’s of megajoules) over a period of  several-months electrolysis, while the fourth was virgin powder from the same batch as that of the active samples.  If a nuclear process is the source of these changes, then multi-isotope elements such as silver, zinc, and iridium should show significant deviations in their isotopic ratios from the natural terrestrial values.  Surface trace lithium did indeed show such differences from that of the virgin material.  The Ag-109/107 ratio is currently under study by accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS) for the one sample showing the greatest difference in Ag-109 content from that of the virgin material.  Since these variations may have explanations unrelated to nuclear reactions, these results are not yet definitive.  The 8% increase in the Pd-110/108 ratio for one of the four samples relative to the virgin material is one of the most difficult for which to find a conventional explanation.

DOWNLOAD

Passell, T.O. and T. Benson. Glow Discharge Calorimetry (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Coauthors: Benson, T.
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: glow discharge, calorimetry, heat

Passell, T.O. ICCF-14 Summary. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: review


Patterson, J. A.

Patterson, J.A., Method for Electrolysis of Water to Form Metal Hydride. 1994: US Patent # 5,318,675.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: heat+, water, electrolysis, beads CETI patent,

Patterson, J.A., System for Electrolysis. 1996: US Patent #5,494,559.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment heat
Keywords: H2O, Ni, heat+, electrolysis CETI patent,


Pauling, L.

Pauling, L., Explanations of cold fusion" (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 105.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: PdD2, phase diagram, theory, structure


Peat, F. D.

Peat, F.D., Cold fusion: The making of a scientific controversy. 1989: Contempory Books.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: history, book


Pemberton, S.

Pemberton, S., J. Mace, and D. Tasker. Quantum Mechancial Study of the Fleischmann-Pons Effect (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Coauthors: Mace, J., Tasker, D.
Category: Theory
Keywords: Theory

The Fleischmann-Pons Effect [1] (FPE) was swiftly rejected when published in 1989, yet a significant number of researchers have since reported energy gains in similar experiments; for a review see ref. [2]. These gains have been associated with "cold fusion" or Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) where energy is released from a deuterium-deuterium (d-d) fusion. Clearly, this raises fundamental questions because the probability of a d-d fusion, under the conditions of the FPE cell, is extremely small. As stated in ref. [1], "it is necessary to reconsider the quantum mechanics of electrons and deuterons in such host lattices."
 
The goal of this paper is to predict possible changes in the probability of d-d fusion, caused by perturbations to the energy barriers or positive interference caused by the effects of adjacent atoms in a lattice. We report preliminary work on formulating quantum-mechanical models of the behavior of deuterium atoms trapped in a lattice.

DOWNLOAD


Pennisi, E.

Pennisi, E., Helium find thaws the cold fusion trail. Sci. News (Washington, DC), 1991. 139(12): p. 177.

Coauthors:
Category: Review
Keywords: history


Perez-Pariente, J.

Perez-Pariente, J. Evidence For The Ocurrence Of Lenr-Type Processes In Alchemical Transmutations. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Coauthors:
Category: Experiment other
Keywords: transmutation


Perfetti, P.

Perfetti, P., et al., Neutron emission under particular nonequilibrium conditions from palladium and titanium electrolytically charged with deuterium. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 921.

Coauthors: Cilloco, F., Felici, R., Capozi, M., Ippoliti, A.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: electrolysis, Pd, titanium, D2O, neutron, PdD, heat+, fractofusion


Peroni, P.

Peroni, P., Cold fusion: what's going on? (Letters to the Editor). Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 711.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: critique, theory


Petelenz, P.

Petelenz, P., Hypothetical D-D bound states in solid palladium. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 1989. 75: p. 929.

Coauthors:
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, distance


Petit, C.

Petit, C., Fusion Fever in Utah --State Aches With Pride, in Salt Lake City Chronicle. 1989: Salt Lake CityEditor.

Coauthors:
Category: News report
Keywords: history, newspaper


Petrasso, R. D.

Petrasso, R.D., et al., Measurement of g-Rays from Cold Fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 667.

Coauthors: Chen, X., Wenzel, K. W., Parker, R. R., Li, C. K., Fiore, C.
Category: Review
Keywords: gamma emission, Pd, D2O, history, Fleischmann

Petrasso, R.D., et al., Problems with the gamma-ray spectrum in the Fleischmann et al experiments. Nature (London), 1989. 339(6221): p. 667.

Coauthors: Chen, X., Wenzel, K. W., Parker, R. R., Li, C. K., Fiore, C.
Category: Critique
Keywords: critique Fleischmann, gamma emission


Petrii, O. A.

Petrii, O.A., et al., Attempts to detect electrochemical cold nuclear fusion by determining the excess tritium. Sov. Electrochem., 1991. 27: p. 1240.

Coauthors: Tsirlina, G. A., Simonov, E. F., Safonov, V. A., Lapshina, E. V.
Category: Experiment particle
Keywords: tritium, Pd, electrolysis, D2


Petrillo, C.

Petrillo, C. and F. Sacchetti, A possible mechanism for bulk cold fusion in transition metal hydrides. Europhys. Lett., 1989. 10: p. 15.

Coauthors: Sacchetti, F.
Category: Theory
Keywords: theory, phase change