Miley, G. H.

Miley, G.H., Book Review: Cold Fusion,The Making of a Scientific Controversy by F. D. Peat. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 730.

Miley, G.H., O. Barnouin, and B. Temple. Detection of Reaction Products Induced in Plasma Focus Electrodes. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Miley, G.H., M. Ragheb, and H. Hora. On Aspects of Nuclear Products. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Miley, G.H., et al. Multilayer Thin Film Electrodes for Cold Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Miley, G.H. Comments About Nuclear Reaction Products. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Miley, G.H., et al., Electrolytic Cell with Multilayer Thin-Film Electrodes. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 313.

Miley, G.H., et al. Energy Amplifier with Multilayer Thin Film Electrodes. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.

Miley, G.H. and J.A. Patterson, Nuclear transmutations in thin-film nickel coatings undergoing electrolysis. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 5.

ABSTRACT
 Experiments using 1-mm plastic and glass microspheres coated with single and multilayers of thin films of various metals such as palladium and nickel, used in a packed-bed electrolytic cell (Patterson Power Cell ™ configuration), have apparently produced a variety of nuclear reaction products. The analysis of a run with 650-Ć film of Ni is presented here. Following a two-week electrolytic run, the Ni film was found to contain Fe, Ag, Cu, Mg, and Cr, in concentrations exceeding 2 atom % each, plus a number of additional trace elements. These elements were at the most, only present in the initial film and the electrolyte plus other accessible cell components in much smaller amounts. That fact, combined with other data, such as deviations from natural isotope abundances, seemingly eliminates the alternate explanation of impurities concentrating in the film.

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Miley, G.H., et al. Quantitative observations of transmutation products occuring in thin-film coated microspheres during electrolysis. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Miley, G.H., Possible Evidence of Anomalous Energy Effects in H/D-Loaded Solids-Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRS). J. New Energy, 1997. 2(3/4): p. 6.

Miley, G.H. Product Characteristics and Energetics in Thin-Film Electrolysis Experiments. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Miley, G.H. Emerging physics for a breakthrough thin-film electrolytic power unit. in Space Technol. Applic. Int. Forum. 1999.

Miley, G.H., et al. Advances in Thin-Film Electrode Experiments. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Miley, G.H. On the Reaction Product and Heat Correlation for LENRs. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Abstract
 “Low Energy Nuclear Reactions”, or LENRs, typically involve electrolytes containing light water along with electrodes made of metals such as Ni, Ti and Pd.  In these experiments a variety of reaction products (isotopes), with masses both higher and lower than that of the host electrode material, have been observed at the University of Illinois (U of IL). Related results, often termed “transmutation” studies, have been reported by other researchers.  These observations suggest that proton-metal initiated reactions occur in such LENR cells. This paper discusses evidence that the production of these reaction products is correlated with the excess heat also frequently observed in LENR cells. Such a correlation for LENR reactions would be equivalent, in principle, to the correlation of He-4 with excess heat that is reported for heavy water-Pd experiments where a D-D reaction is postulated.

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Miley, G.H., Some personal reflections on scientific ethics and the cold fusion 'episode'. Accountability Res., 2000. 8: p. 121.

This note was prepared in response to Dr. Scott Chubb’s invitation to discuss issues concerning ethics in scientific research that I may have observed during the hectic period following the public announcement of “Cold Fusion” (CF) by Drs. Pons and Fleischmann in 1989. I would like to preface this note with some reflections on select “events” I was personally involved in as editor of Fusion Technology (FT) and as one of the early researchers in CF (who has persistently kept going!). Then I will discuss several ethical “issues” relating to scientific conduct from my viewpoint as an editor and researcher in the field.

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Miley, G.H., et al. Progress in Development of a Low Energy Reaction Cell for Distributed Power Applications. in 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. 2002. Arlington, Virginia, USA: ASME.

Miley, G.H., et al. Progress in thin-film LENR research at the University of Illinois. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 The research described here includes work on fabrication techniques for reproducible thin-film electrodes. Runs with these electrodes in a newly fabricated high sensitivity calorimetry bank is shown to provide added support for earlier excess heat production observed with ultra-high proton loadings in thin film electrodes. In addition, new in-situ radiation emission studies have discovered MeV alpha-proton emission, supporting earlier reaction product evidence of the nuclear origin of the excess heat. Recent experiments and lattice simulation studies have provided added insight into highly loaded thin film phenomena, including possible H- effects associated with anomalous resistivity effects at ultra-high loadings. . . .

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Miley, G.H. and P. Shrestha. Review Of Transmutation Reactions In Solids. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Transmutation reactions in highly loaded hydrides have been reported by a number of research groups. These studies are briefly summarized with emphasis on common systematics and key “signatures”. Transmutations divide into two types: heavy intermediate compound nucleus reactions yielding an array of products with a large spectrum of masses; direct reactions between H/D and the electrode metal or impurity atoms yielding isolated “single” products. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the products and the ability to overcome the extremely large Columbic repulsion of the high-Z elements involved.  Here we briefly consider a model involving orbital mixing and virtual neutron formation associated with charge accumulation and hydrogen/deuteron flow at highly loaded interfaces.

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Miley, G.H., et al. Intense non-linear soft x-ray emission from a hydride target during pulsed D bombardment (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

PowerPoint slides for the paper of the same title.

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Miley, G.H., et al. Intense non-linear soft x-ray emission from a hydride target during pulsed D bombardment. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Radiation emission from Low Energy Nuclear Radiation (LENR) electrodes (both charged-particle and x-rays) represents an important feature of LENR in general. Here, calibration, measurement techniques, and soft x-ray emission results from deuterium bombardment of a Pd target (cathode) placed in a pulsed deuterium glow discharge (PGD) are described. An x-ray intensity of 13.4 mW/cm² and a dose of 3.3 μJ/cm² were calculated over a 0.5 ms pulse time from AXUV photodiode radiation detector measurements. A most striking feature is that x-ray energies > 600 V are observed with a discharge voltage only about half of that value. To further investigate this phenomenon, emission during room temperature D-desorption from electrolytically loaded Pd:Dx cathodes was also studied. The x-ray emission energy observed was quite similar to the PGD case. However, the intensity in this case was almost 13 orders of magnitude lower due to the much lower deuterium fluxes involved.

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Miley, G.H., et al. On Aspects of Complex Nuclei in LENR Relative to Transmutation Reactions and X-ray Emission from Localized Clusters. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Miley, G.H. and P. Shrestha. Overview of Light Water/Hydrogen-based Low Energy Nuclear Reaction (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

This paper reviews light water and hydrogen-based Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs) including the different methodologies used to study these reactions and the results obtained. Reports of excess heat production, transmutation reactions and nuclear radiation emission are cited. An aim of this review is to present a summary of the present status of light water LENR research and provide some insight into where this research is heading.

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Miley, G.H. and P. Shrestha. Overview of Light Water/Hydrogen-based Low Energy Nuclear Reactions. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

PowerPoint slides for the paper of the same name.

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Miley, G.H., G. Narne, and T. Woo, Use of combined NAA and SIMS analyses for impurity level isotope detection. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 2005. 263(3): p. 691-696.

Miley, G.H., et al. Cluster Reactions in Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs). in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Miley, G.H., et al. Future Power Generation by LENR with Thin-Film Electrodes (PowerPoint slides). in 233rd ACS National Meeting. 2007. Chicago, IL.

PowerPoint slides from the ACS 233rd Annual Meeting, Chicago, Il March 29, 2007

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Miley, G.H. Preparata Medal Lecture - A Tribute to Giuliano Preparata, a TRUE Pioneer in Cold Fusion Theory. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Miley, G.H., A Fascinating Review of the Emerging Science of LENRs. 21st Century Sci. & Technol., 2008. 61.

World Scientific’s advertisement for this book explains that, “One of the most important discoveries of this century -- cold fusion -- was summarily rejected by science and the media before sufficient evidence had been accumulated to make a rational judgment possible. Enough evidence is now available to show that this rejection was wrong and that the discovery of a new source of clean energy may help solve some serious problems currently facing mankind. The book catalogues and evaluates this evidence and shows why the initial reaction was driven more by self-interest than fact.”

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Miley, G.H., H. Hora, and X. Yang. Condensed Matter "Cluster" Reactions in LENRs. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

In this paper we first point out evidence for condensed matter cluster formation based on thin-film electrolysis. Next, measurements of superconductivity in condensed matter deuterium “clusters” in dislocation sites loaded-deloaded palladium thin films are briefly reviewed, followed by a discussion of techniques under study to increase the number of such sites per unit volume of the electrodes. Estimates for resulting “cluster reaction” rates -- flow enhanced Pycnonuclear fusion are given. If successful, this approach offers a “Roadmap” for future power unit based on thin films and clusters.

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Miley, G.H. Summary of the Transmutation Workshop held in association with ICCF-14. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Miley, G.H. and J. Shrestha, Transmutation Reactions and Associated Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Effects in Solids, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 173-218.

Miley, G.H., et al., Radiochemical Comparisons on Low Energy Nuclear Reactions and Uranium, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. 235-252.

Miljanic, S.

Miljanic, S., et al., An attempt to replicate cold fusion claims. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 340.

Miller, R. J.

Miller, R.J., T.O. Brun, and C.B. Satterthwaite, Magnetic Susceptibility of Pd-H and Pd-D at Temperatures Between 6 and 150 K. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1978. 18: p. 5054.

Mills, R. L.

Mills, R.L. and J.J. Farrell, A New Atomic Theory. 1990.

Mills, R.L. and P. Kneizys, Excess heat production by the electrolysis of an aqueous potassium carbonate electrolyte and the implications for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 65.

Mills, R.L., Reply to 'Comments on "Excess heat production by the electrolysis of an aqueous potassium carbonate electrolyte and the implications for cold fusion"'. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 96.

Mills, R.L., W.R. Good, and R.M. Shaubach, Dihydrino molecule identification. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 103.

Mills, R.L. and W.R. Good, Fractional quantum energy levels of hydrogen. Fusion Technol., 1995. 28: p. 1697.

Mills, R.L., Comments on 'Interaction of palladium/hydrogen and palladium/deuterium to measure the excess energy per atom for each isotope'. Fusion Technol., 1998. 33: p. 384.

Mills, R.L. and W.R. Good, various papers. 1999: Blacklight Power.

Mills, R.L., Lower-energy hydrogen methods and structures. 2000: US 6,024,935.

Mills, R.L., Novel Hydrogen Compounds from a Potassium Carbonate Electrolytic Cell. Fusion Technol., 2000. 37: p. 157.

Mills, R.L., et al., Identification of compounds containing novel hydride ions by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2001. 26: p. 965.

Mills, R.L., et al., Comparison of excessive Balmer alpha line broadening of glow discharge and microwave hydrogen plasmas with certain catalysts. J. Appl.Phys., 2002. 92: p. 7008.

Mills, R.L. and P. Ray, Spectral Emission of Fractional Quantum Energy Levels of Atomic Hydrogen from a Helium-Hydrogen Plasma and the Implications for Dark Matter. J. Hydrogen Eng., 2002. 27: p. 301.

Mills, R.L. and P. Ray, The Grand Unified Theory of Classical Quantum Mechanics. J. Hydrogen Eng., 2002. 27: p. 565.

Mills, R.L. and P. Ray, Vibrational Spectral Emission of Fractional-Principal-Quantum-Energy-Level Hydrogen Molecule Ion. J. Hydrogen Eng., 2002. 27: p. 533.

Mills, R.L., Author's Response to a Letter to the Editor. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2003. 28: p. 359.

Milton, R.

Milton, R., Forbidden science. Suppressed research that could change our lives. 1994, London: Fourth Estate.

Minari, T.

Minari, T., et al. Experiments on Condensed Matter Nuclear Events in Kobe University. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

We review three kinds of experimental work underway in our laboratory to investigate nuclear events in solid or liquid materials. The largest effort has been given to experiments to confirm the ⁷Li(d,n2a) reaction rate enhancement reaching 10¹⁵ in liquid lithium which was reported by H. Ikegami et al. [4] Li liquid droplets are formed as targets, and to keep them as pure as possible, we built a liquid Li loop. Thus far, in all cases of irradiation at the temperature from 520 to 570 K with 10 - 24 keV deuterons, we have not been able to reproduce the Ikegami enhancement for the ⁷Li(d,n2a) reaction.

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Minato, J.

Minato, J., et al. Materials/Surface Aspects of Hydrogen/Deuterium Loading into Pd Cathode. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monac: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Mintmire, J. W.

Mintmire, J.W., et al., Chemical forces associated with deuterium confinement in palladium. Phys. Lett. A, 1989. 138(1,2): p. 51.

Miskelly, G. M.

Miskelly, G.M., et al., Analysis of the published calorimetric evidence for electrochemical fusion of deuterium in palladium. Science, 1989. 246: p. 793.

Mitsuishi, N.

Mitsuishi, N., T. Yuki, and I. Ichihara, Characteristics of the Permeation of Hydrogen-Inlet Gas Mixtures Through a Palladium Alloy Tube Wall. J. Less-Common Met., 1983. 89: p. 415.

Miura, H.

Miura, H. Study On Formation Of Tetrahedral Or Octahedral Symmetric Condensation By Hopping Of Alkali Or Alkaline-Earth Metal (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Miura, H. Study On Formation Of Tetrahedral Or Octahedral Symmetric Condensation By Hopping Of Alkali Or Alkaline-Earth Metal. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Formation of tetrahedral or octahedral condensation related to the experiments on electrolysis or deuterium permeation was studied.  We obtained the scenario about the formation that alkali or alkaline-earth metal ions infiltrating into the host metal made cavities there when they hopped onto the other sites of the crystal lattice of it, then through squeezing of H⁺/D⁺ ions in the cavity tetrahedral or octahedral condensation of protons/deuterons is caused.

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Miyake, M.

Miyake, M., et al. Absorption and Desorption Behavior of Hydrogen by Neutron Irradiated Titanium. in 2nd Topical Meeting on Fusion Reactor Materials. 1981. Seattle.

Miyamaru, H.

Miyamaru, H. and A. Takahashi. Periodically Current-Controlled Electrolysis of D2O/Pd System for Excess Heat Production. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Miyamaru, H., et al. Search for Nuclear Products of Cold Fusion. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Miyamoto, M.

Miyamoto, M., et al. Deuterium ion beam irradiation of palladium under in situ control of deuterium density. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Miyamoto, S.

Miyamoto, S., et al. Measurement of Protons and Observation of the Change of Electrolysis Parameters in the Galvanostatic Electrolysis of the 0.1M-LiOD/D2O Solution. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Miyamoto, S., et al. Movement of Li During Electrolysis of 0.1M-LiOD/D2O Solution. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Mizuno, T.

Mizuno, T., T. Akimoto, and N. Sato, Neutron evolution from annealed palladium cathode in LiOD-D2O solution. Denki Kagaku, 1989. 57: p. 742.

Mizuno, T., et al., Tritium evolution during cathode polarization of palladium electrode in D2O solution. Denki Kagaku, 1991. 59: p. 798 (in Japanese).

Mizuno, T., et al. Cold Fusion Reaction Products and Behavior of Deuterium Absorption in Pd Electrode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Mizuno, T., et al., Diffusion rate of deuterium in Pd during cathodic charging. Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku, 1992. 60: p. 405 (Japanese, with English abstract).

Mizuno, T., et al. Anomalous Heat Evolution from SrCeO3-Type Proton Conductors during Absorption/Desorption in Alternate Electric Field. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Mizuno, T., et al., Formation of 197Pt radioisotopes in solid state electrolyte treated by high temperature electrolysis in D2 gas. Infinite Energy, 1995. 1(4): p. 9.

Mizuno, T., Analysis of Elements for Solid State Electrolyte in Deuterium Atmosphere during Applied Field. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(1): p. 79.

ABSTRACT
 A proton conductor, the solid state electrolyte, made from oxide of strontium, cerium, niobium and yttrium can be charged in a hot D2 gas atmosphere to produce excess heat. Anomalous heat evolution was observed for 12 in 80 cases of the samples charged by alternating current for 5 to 45 Volts at temperatures ranging from 400 to 700(C. Several kinds of alkali metals, Ca, Mg, Bismuth, Lantanides and Aluminum were locally segregated and distributed around the melted and swelled parts of the samples that generated an excess heat.

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Mizuno, T., et al., Anomalous heat evolution from a solid-state electrolyte under alternating current in high-temperature D2 gas. Fusion Technol., 1996. 29: p. 385.

Mizuno, T., T. Ohmori, and M. Enyo, Anomalous Isotopic Distribution in Palladium Cathode After Electrolysis. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(2): p. 37.

Mizuno, T., et al., Anomalous isotopic distribution of elements deposited on palladium induced by cathodic electrolysis. Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku, 1996. 64: p. 1160 (in Japanese).

ABSTRACT
 It was confirmed by several analytic methods that reaction products with mass number ranging from 20 to 28, 46 to 54, and 72 to 82 are produced in palladium cathodes subjected to electrolysis in a heavy water solution at high pressure, high temperature, and high current density for one month. Isotopic distributions were radically different from the natural ones.

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Mizuno, T., T. Ohmori, and M. Enyo, Isotopic changes of the reaction products induced by cathodic electrolysis in Pd. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 31.

ABSTRACT
 It was confirmed by several analytic methods that reaction products with mass numbers ranging from 6 to 220 are deposited on palladium cathodes subjected to electrolysis in a heavy water solution at high pressure, high temperature, and high current density for one month. These masses were composed of many elements ranging from hydrogen to lead. Isotopic distributions for the produced elements were radically different from the natural ones.

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Mizuno, T., et al., Anomalous gamma peak evolution from SrCe solid state electrolyte charged in D2 gas. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1997. 22: p. 23.

Mizuno, T., et al., Confirmation of the changes of isotopic distribution for the elements on palladium cathode after strong electrolysis in D2O solutions. Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, 1998. 6(1): p. 45.

Mizuno, T. and T. Ohmori, Neutron and Heat Generation Induced by Electric Discharge. J. New Energy, 1998. 3(1): p. 33.

Mizuno, T., Nuclear Transmutation: The Reality of Cold Fusion. 1998, Concord, NH: Infinite Energy Press.

The announcement of cold fusion in March 1989 at the University of Utah was greeted with worldwide hysteria. Drs. Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons had claimed that an electrochemical cell with heavy water electrolyte and a palladium cathode put out so much excess energy that the mysterious phenomenon had to be nuclear, and was probably a process related to nuclear fusion. Newspapers and magazines said it might be a major scientific discovery with the potential to end the energy crisis and revolutionize society. For a few heady weeks the public took it seriously and waited anxiously for laboratories to replicate the results. Many scientists quickly took sides for or against cold fusion – mostly against. Then, by the end of the summer of 1989 the official word came, in an authoritative report written by a select panel of experts under the auspices of the Department of Energy: cold fusion was a bust. It did not exist. It was an experimental error. It could not be reproduced. Nearly every scientific journal, magazine and newspaper on earth reported this, and cold fusion abruptly dropped out of the headlines. The story, it seemed, was over. Actually, it had barely begun. Only a few thousand electrochemists in the world were qualified to do the experiments, and most of them were too busy or not interested in trying. In that autumn as public interest faded and the U.S. Department of Energy pronounced a death sentence, a small number of experienced scientists prepared serious, full-scale experiments. One of them was Tadahiko Mizuno, an assistant professor who had been doing similar electrochemical experiments for more than twenty years.

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Mizuno, T., T. Ohmori, and T. Akimoto. Probability of Neutron and Heat Emission from Pt Electrode Induced by Discharge in Alkaline Solution. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Mizuno, T., et al. Confirmation of Heat Generation and Anomalous Element Caused by Plasma Electrolysis in the Liquid. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Abstract
Plasma was formed on the electrode surface in a liquid electrolyte when a metal cathode was polarized in high voltage electrolysis in the solution. During the plasma electrolysis large amounts of heat are sometimes generated. The heat can exceed input substantially, in some cases by up to 200 percent of input power. At the same time, anomalous elements are detected in the electrolyte and on the electrode surface. Based on the heat and the product, we hypothesize a nuclear reaction can be induced by photon activation on the cathode element.

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Mizuno, T. Experimental Confirmation of the Nuclear Reaction at Low Energy Caused by Electrolysis in the Electrolyte. in Proceedings for the Symposium on Advanced Research in Energy Technology 2000. 2000. Hokkaido University.

Section 1.  Confirmation with a palladium electrode in the heavy water electrolyte.
1.1 Summary
Many elements on Pd electrodes were confirmed by several analytic methods; reaction products with the mass number up to 208 are deposited on palladium cathodes, which were subjected to electrolysis in a heavy water solution at high pressure, temperature, and current density for prolonged time. These masses were composed of many elements ranging from hydrogen to lead.  Extraordinary changes of their isotopic distributions in the produced elements were observed; these were radically different from the ones found in nature. Essentially the same phenomenon was confirmed eight times with high reproducibility at high cathodic current density, above 0.2 A/cm². All the possibilities of contamination had been carefully eliminated by several pretreatments for the sample and electrolysis system. It means that a nuclear reaction had taken place during the electrochemical treatment. To explain the production of radiation-less fission-like foreign elements claimed by several electrolysis experiments with Pd cathodes, a selective channel fission model by low-energy multi-photon excitation and collective deformation is proposed. Channel-dependent fission barriers are calculated based on liquid drop model potentials for about 530 scission channels of 6 Pd isotopes with positive Q-values. Mass-distribution, Z-distribution and unnatural isotopic ratios of fission fragments as stable isotopes by the present theory have shown qualitative agreements with the experiments.

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Mizuno, T., et al., Production of Heat During Plasma Electrolysis. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 2000. 39: p. 6055.

Plasma was formed on the surface of an electrode in a liquid solution when metal cathodes underwent high-voltage electrolysis. A real-time heat calibration system was designed for detecting the amount of heat generated during plasma electrolysis. The measured heat exceeded the input power substantially, and in some cases 200% of the input power. The heat generation process depended on the conditions for electrolysis. There was no excess heat at the beginning of plasma electrolysis. However, after plasma electrolysis for a long time, a large amount of heat was generated. The reproducibility would be 100% if all factors such as temperature, voltage and duration were optimized. Based on the heat and the products, we hypothesize that some unique reaction occurs on the cathode surface. This reaction may not occur at energy levels available during electrochemical electrolysis.

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Mizuno, T., et al., Neutron Evolution from a Palladium Electrode by Alternate Absorption Treatment of Deuterium and Hydrogen. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 2001. 40(9A/B): p. L989-L991.

We observed neutron emissions from palladium after it absorbed deuterium from heavy water followed by hydrogen from light water. The neutron count, the duration of the release and the time of the release after electrolysis was initiated all fluctuated considerably. Neutron emissions were observed in five out of ten test cases. In all previous experiments reported, only heavy water was used, and light water was absorbed only in accidental contamination. Compared to these deuterium results, the neutron count is orders of magnitude higher, and reproducibility is much improved.

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Mizuno, T., et al. Relation Between Neutron Evolution and Deuterium Permeation With a Palladium Electrode. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Beijing, China: Tsinghua University: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Abstract
We observed neutron emissions from palladium after it absorbed deuterium from heavy water followed by hydrogen from light water. The neutron count, the duration of the release and the time of the release after electrolysis was initiated all fluctuated considerably. Neutron emissions were observed in five out of ten test cases. In all previous experiments reported, only heavy water was used, and light water was absorbed only in accidental contamination. Compared to these deuterium results, the neutron count is orders of magnitude higher, and reproducibility is much improved.

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Mizuno, T., T. Akimoto, and T. Ohmori. Confirmation of anomalous hydrogen generation by plasma electrolysis. in 4th Meeting of Japan CF Research Society. 2003. Iwate, Japan: Iwate University.

Abstract: Direct decomposition of water is very difficult in normal conditions. Hydrogen gas is usually obtained by the electrolysis. Pyrolysis decomposition of water occurs at high temperatures, starting at ~3000șC. As we have already reported, anomalous hydrogen is sometimes generated during plasma electrolysis. Excess hydrogen usually appears once certain difficult conditions during high temperature glow discharge electrolysis are met. Here, we show that anomalous amounts of hydrogen and oxygen gas are generated during plasma electrolysis excess gas generation, presumably from pyrolysis. This is indirect proof that exceptionally high temperatures have been achieved. (Direct measurement of the reaction temperature has proved difficult.) Continuous generation of hydrogen above levels predicted by Faraday’s law is observed when temperature, current density, input voltage and electrode surface meet certain conditions. Although only a few observations of excess hydrogen gas production have been made, production is sometimes 80 times higher than normal Faradic electrolysis gas production.

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Mizuno, T., T. Ohmori, and T. Akimoto. Generation of Heat and Products During Plasma Electrolysis. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Abstract: Direct decomposition of water is very difficult to achieve in normal conditions. Hydrogen gas can be usually obtained by electrolysis and a pyrolysis reaction at high temperatures above 3700 degrees Celsius. However, as we have already reported, anomalous heat generation during plasma electrolysis is relatively easy to obtain under the right simultaneous conditions of high temperature and electrolysis. In this paper we discuss the anomalous amount of hydrogen and oxygen gas generated during plasma electrolysis. The generation of hydrogen in amounts exceeding Faraday’s law is continuously observed when the conditions such as temperature, current density, input voltage and electrode surface are suitable. Non-Faradic generation of hydrogen gas is sometimes 80 times higher than the gas from normal electrolysis. Excess hydrogen has proved difficult to replicate by other laboratories, although we are able to reproduce it regularly.

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Mizuno, T., et al. Generation of Heat and Products During Plasma Electrolysis. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Abstract: Direct decomposition of water is very difficult in normal conditions. Hydrogen gas can be usually obtained by electrolysis or by a pyrolysis reaction at high temperatures, starting at approximately 3700șC. However, as we have already reported, anomalous heat generation can occur during plasma electrolysis, and this process makes it rather easy to achieve both electrolysis and pyrolysis simultaneously. In this paper we describe anomalous amounts of hydrogen and oxygen gas generated during plasma electrolysis. The generation of hydrogen far in excess of amounts predicted by Faraday’s law is continuously observed when conditions such as temperature, current density, input voltage and electrode surface are suitable. Non-Faraday generation of hydrogen gas sometimes produces more than 80 times as much hydrogen as normal electrolysis does. Unfortunately there have been few claimed replications of excess hydrogen, even in rare cases in which excess heat is claimed. In most cases, no excess heat or hydrogen is observed. The reaction products found after electrolysis were different after excess heat generation.

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Mizuno, T., et al. Neutron emission from D2 gas in magnetic fields under low temperature. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Summary
We observed neutron emissions from pure deuterium gas after it was cooled in liquid nitrogen and placed in a magnetic field. Neutron emissions were observed in ten out of ten test cases. Neutron burst of 5.5 c/s were 1000 times higher than the background counts. These bursts occurred one or two times within a 300 second interval. The total neutron emission can be estimated from the counting efficiency, and it was 104 ~ 105 c/s. The reaction appears to be highly reproducible, reliably generating high neutron emissions. We conclude that the models proposed heretofore based upon d-d reactions are inadequate to explain the present results, which must involve magnetic field nuclear reactions.

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Mizuno, T. and Y. Toriyabe. Anomalous energy generation during conventional electrolysis. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

We experienced an explosive energy release during a conventional electrolysis experiment. The cell was a 1000 cc Pyrex glass vessel that has been in use for 5 years. It contained 700 cc of 0.2 M K₂CO₃ electrolyte; a platinum mesh anode; and a tungsten cathode wire 1.5 mm in diameter, 29 cm long, with 3 cm exposed to the electrolyte. The estimated heat out was 800 times higher than input power, based on the data recorded up to the moment of the event. There were many elements deposited on the electrode surface. The major elements were Ca and S and the total mol was roughly estimated as 10^-6.

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Mizuno, T., et al., Hydrogen Evolution by Plasma Electrolysis in Aqueous Solution. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 2005. 44(1A): p. 396-401.

Hydrogen has recently attracted attention as a possible solution to environmental and energy problems. If hydrogen should be considered an energy storage medium rather than a natural resource. However, free hydrogen does not exist on earth. Many techniques for obtaining hydrogen have been proposed. It can be reformulated from conventional hydrocarbon fuels, or obtained directly from water by electrolysis or high-temperature pyrolysis with a heat source such as a nuclear reactor. However, the efficiencies of these methods are low. The direct heating of water to sufficiently high temperatures for sustaining pyrolysis is very difficult. Pyrolysis occurs when the temperature exceeds 4000șC. Thus plasma electrolysis may be a better alternative, it is not only easier to achieve than direct heating, but also appears to produce more hydrogen than ordinary electrolysis, as predicted by Faraday’s laws, which is indirect evidence that it produces very high temperatures. We also observed large amounts of free oxygen generated at the cathode, which is further evidence of direct decomposition, rather than electrolytic decomposition. To achieve the continuous generation of hydrogen with efficiencies exceeding Faraday efficiency, it is necessary to control the surface conditions of the electrode, plasma electrolysis temperature, current density and input voltage. The minimum input voltage required induce the plasma state depends on the density and temperature of the solution, it was estimated as 120V in this study. The lowest electrolyte temperature at which plasma forms is ~75șC. We have observed as much as 80 times more hydrogen generated by plasma electrolysis than by conventional electrolysis at 300 V.

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Mizuno, T., Jyouon kakuyuugou purojekuto (cold fusion project). 2006: LENR-CANR.

An e-book in Japanese reviewing the field. Describes Mizuno's own research, as well as projects at Osaka University, NTT, Iwate University, Nagoya University and the Tokyo Institute of Technology.

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Mizuno, T. and S. Sawada. Anomalous Heat Generation during Hydrogenation of Carbon (Phenanthrene). in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

When phenanthrene (a heavy oil fraction) is subjected to high pressure and heat in a reactor with a metal catalyzer, it produces a markedly anomalous reaction. It produces excess heat and weak radiation, specifically x-rays and gamma-rays. Furthermore, after the reaction finishes, mass spectroscopy reveals what appears to be ¹³C. It is very difficult to explain the total energy generation as a conventional chemical reaction. After the experiment, almost all phenanthrene and hydrogen gas remains in the same condition they were initially. There are few reaction products such as other chemical compounds. However, the formation enthalpies for these compounds are all negative. The heat generation sometimes reaches 0.1 kW and has continued for several hours. There is a reasonably significant correspondence between the heat generation and the gamma emission. We have confirmed the same result with high reproducibility by controlling temperature and pressure.

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Mizuno, T., Transmutation Reactions in Condensed Matter, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 271-294.

Mo, D. W.

Mo, D.W., et al. Real Time Measurements of the Energetic Charged Particles and the Loading Ratio (D/Pd). in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Mo, D.W., et al. The Evidence of Nuclear Transmutation Phenomeno in Pd-H System Using NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis). in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Mo, W.

Mo, W., et al. Search for Precursor and Charged Particles in "Cold Fusion". in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Moagar-Poladian, G.

Moagar-Poladian, G. A Possible Mechanism For Cold Fusion. in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

We describe a mechanism for cold fusion that is able to explain how two hydrogen ions may come close enough so as to fusion as well as many of the different and independent experimental observations made during years of experiments. We present the mechanism, its weak points, the way it explains the respective phenomena and suggest some experiments that may validate further the model described by us. 

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Moffatt, W. G.

Moffatt, W.G., Pd-Li Phase Diagram. 1978: General Electric.

Moir, R. W.

Moir, R.W., Application of Muon-Catalyzed Fusion in Metal Hydrides For Isotope Production. 1989: Los Alamod.

Moizhes, B. Ya.

Moizhes, B.Y., Formation of a compact D2 molecule in interstitial sites - a possible explanation for cold nuclear fusion. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1991. 17: p. 540.

Montereali, R.

Montereali, R., et al. A Novel LiF-Based Detector For X-Ray Imaging In Hydrogen Loaded Ni Films Under Laser Irradiation. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

A novel soft X-ray imaging film detector, based on optically stimulated luminescence of active color centers in lithium fluoride, LiF, has been used to obtain the image of radiation emitted from a nickel film hydride loaded by electrolysis, under light coupling with an He-Ne laser.

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Montgomery, J. R.

Montgomery, J.R., et al. Correlated Nuclear and Thermal Measurements in D/Pd and H/Pd Systems. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Monti, R. A.

Monti, R.A., Low energy nuclear reactions: Experimental evidence for the alpha extended model of the atom. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 131.

Monti, R.A. Nuclear Transmutation Processes of Lead, Silver, Thorium, Uranium. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Moon, D.

Moon, D., A Cold Fusion Theory. 1993.

Moon, D., Addendum to "Mechanisms of a disobedient science". Infinite Energy, 1996. 1(5/6): p. 89.

Moon, D., Review of a cold fusion theory: Mechanisms of a disobedient science. Infinite Energy, 1999. 5(28): p. 33.

Moon, D. The Nucleovoltaic Cell. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Described in this paper is a cold fusion device that is conceptually designed to convert the energy release, from deuteron-deuteron fusion, directly to electricity at an efficiency worthy of commercial development. The working element is an N-type semiconductor which has been coated with a thin film (a few hundred angstroms) of hydrogen-active metal, for example palladium, and which is joined to a P-type semiconductor at the PN-junction. The working element is not an “electrode,” as such, but an “electron pump.”

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Moore, A.

Moore, A., The Comportment of Palladium-Hydrogen System Toward Alternating Electric Current. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1939. LXXV: p. 237.

Moore, G. A.

Moore, G.A. and D.P. Smith, The Occlusion and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Metals. A. Metallographic Study of Nickel-Hydrogen. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1937. LXXI: p. 545.

Morgan, J. D.

Morgan, J.D., Comment on: Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 93: p. 6115.

Morgan, J.D. and H.J. Monkhurst, Simple model for accurate calculation of Coulomb-barrier penetration factors in molecular fusion rates. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1990. 42(9): p. 5175.

Morioka, S.

Morioka, S., Nuclear fusion triggered by positron annihilation at vacancies in deuterated metals. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107A: p. 2755.

Morrey, J. R.

Morrey, J.R., et al., Measurements of helium in electrolyzed palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 659.

Morrison, D. R. O.

Morrison, D.R.O., A view from CERN. Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 17.

Morrison, D.R.O. Review of Cold Fusion. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

Morrison, D.R.O., The Rise And Decline of Cold Fusion. Physics World, 1990: p. 35.

Morrison, D.R.O., Review of cold fusion. Sov. Phys. Usp., 1991. 34: p. 1055.

Morrison, D.R.O., Comments on claims of excess enthalpy by Fleischmann and Pons using simple cells made to boil. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 185: p. 498.

Morrison, D.R.O., Review of Progress in Cold Fusion. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 48.

Mosier-Boss, P. A.

Mosier-Boss, P.A. and S. Szpak, The Metal Hydrogen System: Interphase Participation in H-Transport. 1995, Naval Control, Command and Ocean Surveillance Center, RDT&E Division.

This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in:
 Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research.
 ABSTRACT
 The metal/hydrogen system is a key element in the construction of ecologically preferred energy conversion/storage devices. Although reduced to practice decades ago, its effectiveness requires further examination of a number of issues, among them the role that the electrode/electrolyte interphase plays during the charging/discharging processes. In this communication the following topics are considered: Thermodynamics and kinetics of the structure of the interphase, the identity and components of the driving force(s) for the absorption/desorption of hydrogen, and the discussion of the applicable transport equation. Agreement between theoretical results and observed behavior is illustrated and selected design approaches affecting cell performance are explored.

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Mosier-Boss, P.A. and S. Szpak, The Pd/(n)H system: transport processes and development of thermal instabilities. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1999. 112: p. 577.

Summary. -- Surface temperature distribution associated with excess enthalpy production during the codeposition process is presented. The interpretation is sought via the multilayer concept of the electrode/electrolyte interphase. The effect of gas evolution on activities within the interphase is considered.

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Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Thermal and Nuclear Aspects of the Pd/D2O System (1), ed. S. Szpak and P.A. Mosier-Boss. Vol. 1 A Decade of Research at Navy Laboratories. 2002: SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego, U.S. Navy.

Twelve years have passed since the announcement on 23 March 1989 by professors Fleischmann and Pons that the generation of excess enthalpy occurs in electrochemical cells when palladium electrodes, immersed in D2O + LiOH electrolyte, are negatively polarized. The announcement, which came to be known as “Cold Fusion,” caused frenzied excitement. In both the scientific and news communities, fax machines were used to pass along fragments of rumor and “facts.” (Yes, this was before wide spread use of the internet. One can only imagine what would happen now.) Companies and individuals rushed to file patents on yet to be proven ideas in hopes of winning the grand prize. Unfortunately, the phenomenon described by Fleischmann and Pons was far from being understood and even factors necessary for repeatability of the experiments were unknown. Over the next few months, the scientific community became divided into the “believers” and the “skeptics.” The “believers” reported the results of their work with enthusiasm that at times overstated the significance of their results. On the other hand, many “skeptics” rejected the anomalous behavior of the polarized Pd/D system as a matter of conviction, i.e., without analyzing the presented material and always asking “where are the neutrons?” Funding for research quickly dried up as anything related to “Cold Fusion” was portrayed as a hoax and not worthy of funding. The term “Cold Fusion” took on a new definition much as the Ford Edsel had done years earlier.
Dr. Frank E. Gordon, Head, Navigation and Applied Sciences Department, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego

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Mosier-Boss, P.A. and M. Fleischmann, Thermal and Nuclear Aspects of the Pd/D2O System (2), ed. S. Szpak and P.A. Mosier-Boss. Vol. 2. Simulation of the Electrochemical Cell (ICARUS) Calorimetry. 2002: SPAWAR Systems Center, San Diego, U.S. Navy.

FOREWORD
The calorimetry of any electrochemical cell involves two types of activities: data collection and data evaluation. The required data are the cell potential–time and cell temperature–time series. The evaluation is based on conservation laws subject to constraints dictated by cell design and the adapted experimental procedure. Volume 2 of this report deals with the modeling and simulation of the Dewar-type calorimeter. It was written by Professor Fleischmann to provide an authoritative discussion of the calorimetry of electrochemical cells. The emphasis is on the interpretation of data and the accuracy of the determination of the excess enthalpy generation via the appropriate selection of heat transfer coefficients. The discussion of the calorimetry of the Dewar-type cells is presented in the form of technical report for a number of reasons,
among them: (i) its length would likely prohibit publication in topical journals, (ii) to clarify misunderstandings regarding the principles of calorimetry as applied to electrochemical cell in general and to the cell employed by Fleischmann and his collaborators, in particular.
S. Szpak and P.A. Mosier–Boss, eds.

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Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al. Pd/D Co-Deposition: Excess Power Generation and Its Origin (paper and PowerPoint slides). in 233rd ACS National Meeting. 2007. Chicago, IL.

Early Pd/D co-deposition experiments demonstrated excess enthalpy, formation of hot spots, emission of low intensity radiation, and production of tritium.
 
Excess enthalpy is generated by highly energetic fast reactions that resemble “mini-explosions”. This view is supported by IR imaging (hot spots) and by the response of the pressure/temperature sensitive substrates (piezoelectric material) onto which the Pd/D films are co-deposited.
 
An external electric/magnetic field changes the shape of the individual globules of the “cauliflower” structure of the Pd/D co-deposited material.
 
New elements are observed that are associated with the morphological features formed by the action of the external E/B fields.
 
Using CR-39 detectors, tracks are obtained that are consistent with both nuclear charged particles and neutron knock-on tracks.

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Mosier-Boss, P.A., S. Szpak, and F. Gordon. Production of High Energy Particles Using the Pd/D Co-Deposition Process (PowerPoint slides). in APS March Meeting. 2007. Denver, CO.

PowerPoint slides from the American Physical Society March 2007 conference.

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Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Use of CR-39 in Pd/D co-deposition experiments. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 2007. 40: p. 293-303.

The use of CR-39, a solid state nuclear track detector, to detect the emission of energetic charged particles during Pd/D co-deposition is demonstrated. The pits observed in the CR-39 are attributed to the Pd/D cathode and are not due to radionuclide contamination in the cell components; nor to the impingement of D₂ bubbles on the surface of the CR-39; nor to chemical attack by D2, O2, or Cl2. The features (i.e., optical contrast, shape, and bright spot in the center of the pit) of the pits generated during Pd/D co-deposition are consistent with those observed for pits that are of a nuclear origin.

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Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Detection of Energetic Particles and Neutrons Emitted During Pd/D Co-Deposition, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 311-334.

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Reply to Comment on 'The Use of CR-39 in Pd/D Co-deposition Experiments': A Response to Kowalski. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 2008. 44: p. 287-290.

Earlier we reported, in this journal, that the pits generated in CR-39 detectors during Pd/D co-deposition experiments are consistent with those observed for pits that are of a nuclear origin. Recently, that interpretation has been challenged. In this communication, additional experimental data and further analysis of our earlier results are provided that support our original conclusions.

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Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Triple tracks in CR-39 as the result of Pd–D Co-deposition: evidence of energetic neutrons. Naturwiss., 2008. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0449-x(96): p. 135-142.

Mosier-Boss, P.A., F. Gordon, and L. Forsley, Characterization of Energetic Particles Emitted During Pd/D Co-Deposition for Use in a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG), in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. 119-135.

Mosier-Boss, P.A., et al., Characterization of tracks in CR-39 detectors obtained as a result of Pd/D Co-deposition. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 2009. 46.

Earlier we reported that the pits generated in CR-39 detectors during Pd/D co-deposition experiments are consistent with those observed for pits that are of a nuclear origin. Spacer experiments and track modeling have been done to characterize the properties of the particles that generated the tracks in the CR-39 detectors. The effect of water on the energetics of the particles and their resultant tracks is discussed.

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Mueller, D.

Mueller, D. and L.R. Grisham, Nuclear reactions products that would appear if substantial cold fusion occurred. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 379.

Muguet, F. F.

Muguet, F.F. and M.P. Bassez-Muguet, Ab initio computations of one and two hydrogen or deuterium atoms in the palladium tetrahedral site. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 383.

Mukherjee, D.

Mukherjee, D. and A. Wordsworth, Stress relieving of palladium foils, controls its electro-catalytic properties. Tool & Alloy Steels, 1994: p. 323.

Mukhopadhyay, R.

Mukhopadhyay, R., et al., Real time deuterium loading investigation in palladium using neutron diffraction. Solid State Commun., 1990. 75: p. 359.

Muller, W.

Muller, W. and F. Besenbacher, A Note on the 3He+D Nuclear-Reaction Cross Section. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1980. 168: p. 111.

Muromtsev, V.

Muromtsev, V., V. Platonov, and I. Savvatimova. Neutrino-Dineutron Reactions (Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Induced By D2 Gas Permeation Through Pd Complexes. Y. Iwamura Effect). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Anomalous elemental changes have been observed on the Pd complexes after D₂ gas permeation. This effect -- effect Y. Iwamura -- belongs to a new category of nuclear reactions. The effect of Y. Iwamura can stimulate development of physics of electromagnetic interaction neutrino including physics of relic neutrino and physics of the dineutrons. It is possible to suggest that low-energy neutrino and even relic neutrino can initiate effect of transmutation in special cases. The suggested hypothesis application about new class ν− nuclear reaction existence can be useful for the problems: alternative energetic, radioactive isotopes reducing and rare isotopes production.

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Murr, L. E.

Murr, L.E., Palladium metallurgy and cold fusion: some remarks. Scr. Metallurg. Mater., 1990. 24: p. 783.

Murthy, T. S.

Murthy, T.S., et al., Tritium Analysis of Samples Obtained from Various Electrolysis Experiments at BARC, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 9.

The report summarises the methodology and techniques adopted for the determination of tritium content in various samples obtained during the initial sets of experiments conducted at Trombay in connection with studies on the feasibility of ‘Cold Fusion’.
 
The analyses were carried out at the Isotope Division and Health Physics Division.

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Musket, G.

Musket, G., Effects of Contamination on the Interaction of H Gas with Pd : A Review. J. Less-Common Met., 1976. 45: p. 173.

Myers, S. M.

Myers, S.M., et al., Ion-Beam Studies of Hydrogen-Metal Interactions. J. Nucl. Mater., 1989. 165: p. 9.

Myers, S.M., et al., Search for Cold Fusion in Superstoichiometric Palladium Deuteride Using Ion Implantation. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 263.

Myers, S.M., et al., Superstoichiometry, accelerated diffusion, and nuclear reactions in deuterium-implanted palladium. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1991. 43: p. 9503.

Nace, D. M.

Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. I. The Thermodynamic Properties of Pd2H Between 273 and 345 K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3619.

Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. III. The Thermodynamic Study of Pd2H Between 15 and 303 K. Evidence for the Tetragonal PdH4 Structure in Palladium Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3627.

Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. III. The Thermodynamic Study of Pd2H Between 15 and 303Å K. Evidence for the Tetragonal PdH4 Structure in Palladium Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3627.

Nagasaki, T.

Nagasaki, T., R. Yamada, and H. Ohno, Ion-driven Permeation and Surface Recombination Coefficients of Deuterium for Silver. J. Nucl. Mater., 1992. 195: p. 324.

Nagel, D. J.

Nagel, D.J., The status of 'cold fusion'. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 1998. 51: p. 653.

Nagel, D.J., Fusion Physics and Philosophy. Accountability Res., 2000. 8: p. 137.

INTRODUCTION
 The advancement of science and technology normally occurs through evolutionary research and development. These activities and their fruits, knowledge and capabilities, might be very interesting and useful, but they normally do not challenge our overall view of the world. When something revolutionary comes to light, the potential paradigm shift, then we are forced to examine both our knowledge and our beliefs, which are intertwined. The topic called “cold fusion” caused reexamination of the physics of nuclear reactions and some aspects of the philosophy of science. We will consider these factors after a brief introductory survey of the complex experiments and results reported in the field, and the motivations for continued attention. “Cold fusion” is used here as an accepted label for the arena of interest, and not a statement about whatever processes might be involved.

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Nagel, D.J. and M.A. Imam. Energetics Of Defects And Strains In Palladium. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Pd employed as cathodes in cold fusion experiments contains various defects, each of which has an associated energy.  In principle, some of the energy in Pd due to defects that exist before a cold fusion experiment could be released as apparent excess heat during the experiment.  Energy densities were computed for high concentrations of vacancies, impurities (both substitutional and interstitial atoms), dislocations and grain boundaries, as well as for strains.  It is concluded that pre-existing defects and strains cannot account for the energies released during cold fusion experiments.  Nonetheless, defects may play other supporting or central roles in cold fusion.

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Nagel, D.J. Powers, Materials and Radiations from Low Energy Nuclear Reactions on Surfaces. in The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2007. Sochi, Russia.

Nuclear reactions that occur at low kinetic energies produce thermal energy at some rate (powers), nuclear reaction products (materials) and, in some cases, energetic photons or particles (radiations). Experimental evidence indicates that low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) occur on or very near to the surfaces of solid lattices. The rates of such reactions depend on the total area of the lattices in an LENR experiment, the fraction of that area which is active and the number of reactions per area per second. The powers further depend on the energy per reaction. The production rates of materials are related to the masses of the reaction products. And, the fluxes of radiations depend on the fraction of the reactions that produce energetic quanta. These factors are examined in this paper. A simple, but useful graphical method to relate surface areas to output nuclear powers is presented. It is used to make the first estimate of the active fraction of a surface in LENR experiments. Optimization of power outputs from LENR experiments is discussed in relation to the various factors cited above and to past work. The several intersections between LENR and both nano-science and nanotechnology are examined. A new engineering discipline will be required to turn the current science of LENR into practical sources of energy, materials and maybe radiations.

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Nagel, D.J. The Case for LENR At or Near Surfaces: More Experimental Evidence (PowerPoint slides). in American Physical Society Meeting. 2008. New Orleans.

Introduction and Agenda
 
There is much experimental evidence, which indicates that LENR occur on surfaces of solid materials.
 
Simple equations relate the reaction rates to the surface area, the active fraction & the number of reactions per active area per second.
 
The equations are used to compute energy production rates (power) and the production rates for  nuclear ash or energetic radiations.
 
This talk provides numerical and graphical means to compute power production at surfaces in LENR experiments.

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Nagel, D.J., Scientific Overview of ICCF15. Infinite Energy, 2009(88): p. 21.

The research topic which was first and poorly called “cold fusion” has been of international interest since its beginning in 1989. Hence, a series of International Conferences on Cold Fusion (ICCF) has been held on three continents during the past two decades. In recent years, the topic has come to be viewed as part of the larger field of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science; therefore conferences during the last few years have been called the International Conference on
Condensed Matter Nuclear Science even though the moniker of ICCF has been maintained. At present, the key reactions are often called Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), with the main scientific website on the topic being www.lenr.org. But there remains confusion not only about
what to call the field, but about the several scientific riddles at the heart of the field.

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Nager, U.

Nager, U., et al., High Precision Calorimetric Apparatus for Studying Electrolysis Reactions. Rev. Sci. Instr., 1990. 61(5): p. 1504.

Nakada, M.

Nakada, M., et al. A Role of Lithium for the Neutron Emission in Heavy Water Electrolysis. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Nakada, M., T. Kusunoki, and M. Okamoto. Energy of the Neutrons Emitted in Heavy Water Electrolysis. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Nakamitsu, Y.

Nakamitsu, Y., et al., Study of cold nuclear fusion with electrolysis at low-temperature range. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107: p. 117.

Nakamura, K.

Nakamura, K., T. Kawase, and I. Ogura, Possibility of element transmutation by arcing in water. Kinki Daigaku Genshiryoku Kenkyusho Nenpo, 1996. 33: p. 25 (in Japanese).

Nakamura, K., Y. Kishimoto, and I. Ogura, Element Conversion by Arcing in Aqueous Solution. J. New Energy, 1997. 2(2): p. 53.

Nakata, T.

Nakata, T., Y. Tsuchida, and K. Kunimatsu. Absorption of Hydrogen into Palladium Foil Electrode: Effect of Thiourea. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Nakata, T., et al. Excess Heat Measurement at High Cathode Loading by Deuterium During Electrolysis of Heavy Water using Pd Cathode. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Nakazawa, M.

Nakazawa, M., et al., Cold fusion and low level neutron measurements. Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkaishi, 1990. 32: p. 114 (In Japanese).

Nakazawa, M., Urtra low-level neutron counting. Hoshasen, 1990. 16(3): p. 8 (in Japanese).

Narita, S.

Narita, S., et al. Gamma Ray Detection and Surface Analysis on Palladium Electrode in DC Glow-like Discharge Experiment. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

We performed glow-like discharge experiments using deuterated palladium cathode in deuterium atmosphere to investigate the possibility of inducing low-energy nuclear reaction. Anomalous gamma ray emissions in the 80 - 230keV region were sometimes observed. It was assumed that a nuclear reaction took place during the experiment, producing short-lived radioisotopes, and these radioisotopes emitted the gamma rays in their decay processes. Elements and their isotopic abundance on the palladium cathodes were investigated by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to find evidence of a nuclear reaction.

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Narita, S., et al. Discharge Experiment Using Pd/CaO/Pd Multi-layered Cathode (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Narita, S., et al. Discharge Experiment Using Pd/CaO/Pd Multi-layered Cathode. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Nassikas, A. A.

Nassikas, A.A. The Cold Fusion as a Space-Time Pumping Process. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Nassisi, V.

Nassisi, V., Incandescent Pd and Anomalous Distribution of Elements in Deuterated Samples Processed by an Excimer Laser. J. New Energy, 1997. 2(3/4): p. 14.

Nassisi, V., Transmutation of elements in saturated palladium hydrides by an XeCl excimer laser. Fusion Technol., 1998. 33: p. 468.

Nassisi, V. and M.L. Longo, Experimental results of transmutation of elements observed in etched palladium samples by an excimer laser. Fusion Technol., 2000. 37: p. 247.

Nassissi, V.

Nassissi, V., Incandescent Pd and Anomalous Distribution of Elements in Deuterated Samples Processed by an Excimer Laser. J. New Energy, 1997. 2(3/4): p. 14.

Natter, H.

Natter, H., et al., Hydrogen in nanocrystalline palladium. J. Alloys and Compounds, 1997. 253-254: p. 84.

Nayar, M. G.

Nayar, M.G., et al., Preliminary Results Of Cold Fusion Studies Using A Five Module High Current Electrolytic Cell, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 2.

Introduction
In their first cold fusion paper Fleischmann et al. suggested that an electrolytic cell with large volume and surface area and high current density may cause fusion reactions resulting in the production of significant amounts of heat and nuclear particles. The experiments reported in this paper present the results of our early efforts to design and operate a high current modular Pd-Ni electrolytic cell and look for cold fusion reactions.

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Nedospasov, A. V.

Nedospasov, A.V. and E.V. Mudetskaya, Comments on the possible nature of 'cold fusion' phenomena. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 121.

Nefedov, V. I.

Nefedov, V.I., Cold nuclear fusion? Vestnik Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1991(1): p. 49 (in Russian).

Nezu, S.

Nezu, S. and T. Sano. Measurement of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Electrodes Cathodically Polarized in Aqueous Solutions. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Nicholson, J. P.

Nicholson, J.P., A search for particle emission from a gas-loaded deuterium-palladium system in the alpha-beta phase. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 383.

Niedra, J. M.

Niedra, J.M. and I.T. Myers, Replication of the apparent excess heat effect in light water-potassium carbonate-nickel-electrolytic cell. Infinite Energy, 1996. 2(7): p. 62.

Nigmatulin, R. I.

Nigmatulin, R.I., R.P. Taleyarkhan, and R.T. Lahey, Evidence for nuclear emissions during acoustic cavitation revisited. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A J. Power Eng., 2004. 218.

Nigmatulin, R.I., et al., Theory of supercompression of vapor bubbles and nanoscale thermonuclear fusion. Phys. Fluids, 2005. 17.

Nimtz, G.

Nimtz, G. and P. Marquardt, A proposal for a lukewarm nuclear fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 518.

Nishimiya, N.

Nishimiya, N., et al., Hyperstoichiometric Hydrogen Occlusion by Palladium Nanoparticles Included in NaY Zeolite. J. Alloys and Compounds, 2001. 319: p. 312.

Nishizawa, K.

Nishizawa, K., Radiation Protection Aspects of cold fusion. Hoken Butsuri, 1990. 25: p. 288 (in Japanese).

Nishizawa, K., Neutron measurements in cold fusion. Hoshasen, 1991. 17(1): p. 4 (in Japanese).

Noble, G.

Noble, G., J. Dash, and L. McNasser. Electrolysis of Heavy Water with a Palladium and Sulfate Composite. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Nohmi, T.

Nohmi, T., et al. Basic Research On Condensed Matter Nuclear Reaction Using Pd Powders Charged With High Density Deuterium. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

We have constructed an experimental system to replicate the phenomenon of heat and ⁴He generation by D₂ gas absorption in nano-sized Pd powders reported by Arata, and to investigate the underlying physics. We performed calorimetry during D₂ or H₂ absorption with micronized powders of Si, Pd and Pd-black. With D₂, after the palladium deuteride formed, the cell produced 8.3 ±4.5 kJ (or 2.6 ±1.4 kJ/g), which is somewhat larger than the systematic error of 4.0 kJ estimated from an H₂ blank.

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Nomura, K.

Nomura, K. and E. Akiba, Trial of nuclear fusion. Busshitsu Kogaku Gijutsu Kenkyusho Hokoku, 1994. 2(4): p. 439 (in Japanese).

none

none, 'New Physics' finds a haven at the patent office. Science, 1999. 284: p. 1252.

Noninski, V. C.

Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Comments on 'measurement and analysis of neutron and gamma-ray emission rates, other fusion products, and power in electrochemical cells having palladium cathodes'. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 579.

Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Determination of the excess energy obtained during the electrolysis of heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 364.

Noninski, V.C., Excess heat during the electrolysis of a light water solution of K2CO3 with a nickel cathode. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 163.

Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Notes on two papers claiming no evidence for the existence of excess energy during the electrolysis of 0.1M LiOD/D2O with palladium cathodes. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 474.

Noninski, V.C., J.L. Ciottone, and P.J. White, Experiments on a possible gamma-ray emission caused by a chemical process. J. Sci. Expl., 1995. 9: p. 201.

Noninski, V.C., J.L. Ciottone, and P.J. White, Experiments on claimed beta-particle emission decay. J. Sci. Expl., 1995. 9: p. 317.

Noninski, V.C., J.L. Ciottone, and P.J. White, Experiments on claimed transmutation of elements caused by a chemical process. J. Sci. Expl., 1996. 10: p. 249.

Noninski, V.C., J.L. Ciottone, and P.J. White, On an experimental curiosity that if undetected may lead to erroneous far-reaching conclusions. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 248.

Norberg, R. E.

Norberg, R.E., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Hydrogen Absorbed into Palladium Wire. Phys. Rev., 1952. 86: p. 745.

Norberg, R.E., Nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen absorbed into palladium wires. Phys. Rev., 1952. 86(5): p. 745.

Nordemann, D. J. R.

Nordemann, D.J.R., Cold fusion and geophysics: the current situation. Mineracao Metalurgia, 1989. 53: p. 51 (in Portuguese).

Nordlander, P.

Nordlander, P., et al., Multiple deuterium occupancy of vacancies in Pd and related metals. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40: p. 1990.

Notoya, R.

Notoya, R. and M. Enyo. Excess Heat Production in Electrolysis of Potassium Carbonate Solution with Nickel Electrodes. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Notoya, R. Alkali-Hydrogen Cold Fusion Accompanied by Tritium Production on Nickel. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Notoya, R., Cold fusion by electrolysis in a light water-potassium carbonate solution with a nickel electrode. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 202.

Notoya, R., Current status of cold fusion research. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1993. 39(9): p. 34 (in Japanese).

Notoya, R., Y. Noya, and T. Ohnishi, Tritium generation and large excess heat evolution by electrolysis in light and heavy water-potassium carbonate solutions with nickel electrodes. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 179.

Notoya, R. Nuclear Products of Cold Fusion Caused by Electrolysis in Alkali Metallic Ions Solutions. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Notoya, R., Cold fusion arising from hydrogen evolution reaction on active metals in alkali metallic ions' solutions. Environ. Res. Forum, 1996. 1-2: p. 127.

Notoya, R., Low Temperature Nuclear Change of Alkali Metallic Ions Caused by Electrolysis. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(1): p. 39.

Notoya, R., T. Ohnishi, and Y. Noya, Nuclear Reaction Caused by Electrolysis in Light and Heavy Water Solutions. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(4): p. 40.

Notoya, R., T. Ohnishi, and Y. Noya. Products of Nuclear Processes Caused by Electrolysis on Nickel and Platinum Electrodes in Solutions of Alkali-Metallic Ions. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Nowicka, E.

Nowicka, E. and R. Du‱s, H2 dissociative adsorption on palladium hydride and titanium hydride surfaces: Evidence for weakly bound state of hydrogen adatoms. J. Alloys and Compounds, 1997. 253-254: p. 506.

NREL

NREL, Energy Overview from NREL. 2006, NREL. p. 17.

This document has no connection to cold fusion, but it is valuable public domain information, it is no longer in print, and it does not appear to be available elsewhere on the Internet.
 Pages 2 – 16 are from the U.S. DoE Office of Conservation and Renewable Energy (NREL), Hydrogen Program Plan--FY 1993--FY 1997, June 1992, Appendixes A and C.
 Page 17 shows a graph published by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2001. The graph shows that most energy is lost as “rejected energy” (waste heat), especially in Electricity generation (70% waste) and Transportation (80% waste). Better technology would greatly reduce this waste. Most generators convert only 33% of the heat from burning coal or gas into electricity; advanced generators convert 40%. Most automobiles convert only 15% of the heat from gasoline into useful vehicle propulsion; hybrid and electric automobiles convert 30% or more. This graph is based on the DoE Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review. This review is an excellent, comprehensive source of online information. See:
 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/contents.html

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Numata, H.

Numata, H., et al. Neutron Emission and Surface Observation During a Long-Term Evolution of Deuterium on Pd in 0.1 M LiOD. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Numata, H. and I. Ohno. In situ potentio, resisto and dilatomic measurement of repeated hydrogen absorption in Pd electrode by electrochemical cathodic loading method. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Numata, H. and M. Fukuhara, Low-temperature elastic anomalies and heat generation of deuterated palladium. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 300.

Numata, H. and I. Ohno, In Situ Potentiometric, Resistance, and Dilatometric Measurements of Palladium Electrodes During Repeated Electrochemical Hydrogen Absorption. Fusion Technol., 2000. 38: p. 206.

Numata, H. and M. Ban. Magnetic Interaction Of Hypothetical Particles Moving Beneath The Electrode/Electrolyte Interface To Elucidate Evolution Mechanism Of Vortex Appeared On Pd Surface After Long-Term Evolution Of Deuterium In 0.1M LiOD. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Nygren, L. A.

Nygren, L.A. and R.G. Leisure, Elastic Constants of a'-Phase PdHx Over the Temperature Range 4-300K. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1988. 37: p. 6482.

Nygren, L.A. and R.G. Leisure, Hydrogen hopping rates and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in PdHx. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 11: p. 7611.

Oates, W. A.

Oates, W.A. and T.B. Flanagan, Formation of Nearly Stoichiometric Palladium-Hydrogen Systems. Nature Phys. Sci., 1971. 231: p. 19.

Oates, W.A. and T.B. Flanagan, Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen in Palladium and its Alloys under Conditions of Constant Volume. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1977. 1(73): p. 993.

Ochiai, K.

Ochiai, K., et al. Deuteron Fusion Experiments in Metal Foils Implanted with Deutron Beams. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Ochiai, K., et al. Measurement of High-Energetic Particles from Titanium Sheets Implanted with Deuterium. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Ogawa, H.

Ogawa, H., et al. Correlation of Excess Heat and Neutron Emission in Pd-Li-D Electrolysis. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

To investigate the dominant factors that allow a reproducible nuclear reaction in D-Pd systems, the initial electric resistance and the hardness of the Pd cathode have been examined for excess heat generation and the excess neutron emission in LiOD-Pd electrolysis cells. Two background (control) runs and one foreground run with the Pd cathode of high electric resistance and high hardness gave no nuclear effects, while one foreground run with low electric resistance and low hardness gave appreciable excess neutron emission and the excess heat generation. Reversed correlation was found between the two nuclear effects.

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Oguro, K.

Oguro, K., Hydrogen absorbing alloys and low-temperature nuclear fusion. Zairyo, 1990. 39(437): p. 228 (in Japanese).

Oh, H. K.

Oh, H.K., Some observatins on the cavity of creation for cold fusion and the generation of heat. J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 1999. 94: p. 60.

Ohashi, H.

Ohashi, H. and T. Morozumi, Decoding of thermal data in Fleischmann & Pons paper. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1989. 26(7): p. 729.

Ohmori, T.

Ohmori, T., et al., Ex situ observation of electrochemically hydrogenated palladium using a scanning tunneling microscope. Chem. Lett., 1991. 1991: p. 96.

Ohmori, T. and M. Enyo. Excess Heat Production during Electrolysis of H2O on Ni, Au, Ag and Sn Electrodes in Alkaline Media. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Ohmori, T. and M. Enyo, Excess heat evolution during electrolysis of H2O with nickel, gold, silver, and tin cathodes. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 293.

Ohmori, T. and M. Enyo, Iron Formation in Gold and Palladium Cathodes. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(1): p. 15.

ABSTRACT
 Investigation of some reaction products possibly produced by electrolyzing with Au and Pd electrodes in Na2SO4, K2CO3, and KOH light water solutions was made. The electrolysis was performed for 7 days with a constant current of 1 A. After the electrolysis the elements accumulated in the electrode were analyzed by means of AES. In every case a notable amount of Fe atoms were detected together with a certain amount of excess energy evolution, being in the range of 9 x 10¹⁵ to 1.8 x 10¹⁶ atoms/cm² for Au and of 1.2 x 10¹⁵ to 4.0 x 10¹⁶ atoms/cm² for Pd. The isotopic abundance of these Fe atoms was measured by means of SIMS, which was 6.5, 77.5, and 14.5% for ⁵⁴Fe, ⁵⁶Fe and ⁵⁷Fe, respectively, at the top surface of Au electrode, obviously different from the natural values. For Pd electrode, a considerable increase in the contents of ⁵⁴Fe and ⁵⁷Fe was observed.

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Ohmori, T., T. Mizuno, and M. Enyo, Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrlysis on gold electrodes. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 90.

Ohmori, T., T. Mizuno, and M. Enyo, Isotopic distributions of heavy metal elements produced during the light water electrolysis on gold electrodes. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 90.

Ohmori, T., et al., Low temperature nuclear transmutation forming iron on/in gold electrode during light water electrolysis. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1997. 22: p. 459.

Ohmori, T. and T. Mizuno, Nuclear transmutation occurring in the electrolysis on several metal electrodes. Curr. Topics Electrochem., 1997. 5: p. 37.

Ohmori, T., et al., Transmutation in the electrolysis of lightwater - excess energy and iron production in a gold electrode. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 210.

Ohmori, T. and T. Mizuno, Excess energy evolution and transmutation. Infinite Energy, 1998. 4(20): p. 14.

Ohmori, T., et al., Nuclear transmutation reaction occurring during the light water electrolysis on Pd electrode. Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, 1998. 6(1): p. 35.

Ohmori, T. and T. Mizuno. Strong Excess Energy Evolution, New Element Production, and Electromagnetic Wave and/or Neutron Emission in the Light Water Electrolysis with a Tungsten Cathode. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Ohmori, T., et al., Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system. Fusion Technol., 1998. 33: p. 367.

Ohmori, T. and T. Mizuno, Nuclear transmutation reaction caused by light water electrolysis on tungsten cathode under incandescent conditions. Infinite Energy, 1999. 5(27): p. 34.

Ohmori, T., Reply to 'Comments on 'Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system''. Fusion Technol., 1999. 36: p. 243.

Ohmori, T., Letter to the Editor: 'Reply to 'Comments on "Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system". Fusion Technol., 2000. 38: p. 274.

Ohmori, T., Recent development in solid state nuclear transmutation occurring by the electrolysis. Curr. Topics Electrochem., 2000. 7: p. 101.

Ohms, D.

Ohms, D., D. Rahner, and K. Wiesener, Kernfusion in einer Elektrolysezelle?" ("Nuclear fusion in an electrolysis cell?"). Mitteilungsblatt - Chem. Ges. DDR, 1989. 36: p. 151 (in German).

Ohta, M.

Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Possible Mechanisms of Coherent Multibody Fusion. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Analysis on nuclear transmutation by MPIF/SCS method. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Analysis of Nuclear Transmutation Induced from Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products Reaction. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Nuclear transmutation is analyzed by the selective channel scission model. The fission product yields for Pd plus a or 8Be reactions are calculated as secondary reactions of the multi-body fusion. And an anomalous isotopic ratio of Fe, which is reported by many researchers, is also analyzed and the analytical result shows good consistency with experimental results.

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Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Analysis Of Nuclear Transmutation Induced From Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products, Reaction (PowerPoint slides). in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

ICCF-10 PowerPoint presentation.

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Ohta, T.

Ohta, T., Is cold fusion possible? A proposal of the concept of "surfusion. Hyomen Kagaku, 1989. 10(11): p. 896 (in Japanese).

Oka, Y.

Oka, Y., S. Koshizuka, and S. Kondo, D2O-fueled fusion power reactor using electrochemically induced deuterium-deuterium D-Dn, D-Dp and deuterium-tritium reactions - preliminary design of a reactor system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 263.

Oka, Y., S. Koshizuka, and S. Kondo, Electrochemically induced deuterium-tritium fusion power reactor - preliminary design of a reactor system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 260.

Okabe, S.

Okabe, S., Some new scientific fields related to exoelectron emission and fracto-emission. Poverkhnost, 1993(7): p. 34.

Okamoto, H.

Okamoto, H. and S. Nezu. Measurements of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Anodes Polarized in LiH-LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Systems. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Okamoto, H., et al. Approach to Obtain Higher Deuterium Loading Ratios of Palladium Cathodes. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Okamoto, M.

Okamoto, M., et al. Behavior of Key Elements in Pd for the Solid State Nuclear Phenomena Occurred in Heavy Water Electrolysis. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Okamoto, M., et al. Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Okamoto, M., et al., Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 176.

ABSTRACT
To elucidate the mechanism of the excess heat generation (EHG), the correlation of the EHG with the nuclear effects, especially the excess neutron emission (ENE), and electrochemical effects, especially the cell voltage (CV) change, is discussed based on the data obtained in a series of electrolysis of heavy water or light water in D₂(H₂)O-LiOD(H)-Pd systems.

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