Lewan, M.

Lewan, M., Cold Fusion: 18 hour test excludes combustion, in NyTeknik. 2011: Stockholm, Sweden.

Lewan, M., Cold fusion: Observing researcher wants more tests, in NyTeknik. 2011: Stockholm, Sweden.

Lewan, M., Kall fusion -- nu ska den vara klar för produktion, in NyTeknik. 2011: Stockholm, Sweden.

Lewan, M., Swedish physicists on the E-cat: "It's a nuclear reaction", in NyTeknik. 2011: Stockholm, Sweden.

Lewenstein, B. V.

Lewenstein, B.V. and W. Baur, A cold fusion chronology. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1991. 152: p. 273.

Lewenstein, B.V., Preserving data about the knowledge creation process. Developing an archive on the cold fusion controversy. Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, 1991. 13: p. 79.

Lewenstein, B.V., Cold fusion and hot history. Osiris, 1992. 7: p. 135.

Lewenstein, B.V., Cold fusion saga: Lesson in science. Forum Appl. Res. Public Policy, 1992. 7(4): p. 67.

Lewenstein, B.V., La saga de la fusion froide" (The cold fusion saga). Recherche, 1994. 25: p. 636 (in French).

Lewenstein, B.V., Do public electronic bulletin boards help create scientific knowledge? The cold fusion case. Sci., Technol. Human Values, 1995. 20: p. 123.

Lewenstein, B.V., From Fax to Facts: Communication in the Cold Fusion Saga. Social Studies of Science, 1995. 25(403-36).

Lewins, J. D.

Lewins, J.D., The fusion trail goes cold. Nucl. Eng. (Inst. Nucl. Eng.), 1989. 30: p. 6.

Lewis, D.

Lewis, D. and K. Sk'ld, A phenomenological study of the Fleischmann-Pons effect. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 294: p. 275.

Lewis, D., Some regularities and coincidences in thermal, electrochemical and radiation phenomena observed in experiments at Studsvik on the Fleischmann-Pons effect. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 316: p. 353.

Lewis, E.

Lewis, E., Comments on 'Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system'. Fusion Technol., 1999. 36: p. 242.

Lewis, E., Reply to "Comments on 'Transmutation in a gold-light water electrolysis system'". Fusion Technol., 2000. 37: p. 266.

Lewis, E., Evidence of micrometre-sized plasmoid emission during electrolysis cold fusion. Fusion Sci. & Technol., 2001. 40: p. 107.

Lewis, E. "Cold Fusion" May Be Part Of A Scientific Revolution. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Paradigm shifts in physics have occurred at about 80-year intervals for the past 500 years. The periodicity of the paradigm shifts is due to the constraints of inhibition of apprehension and the difference between theoreticians and technicians, so that there is a three-generation periodicity. The various phenomena called “cold fusion” and associated physical anomalies are the grounds for another scientific revolution. If the historical pattern of paradigm development continues into the future, we can make predictions about this new physics and its economic effects. The Fluid Theory, Field Theory, and Q.M-Relativity Theory paradigms each led to an industrial revolution that happened about 55 or 80 years afterward.

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Lewis, E. The Ball Lightning State In Cold Fusion. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

There is evidence of microscopic ball lightning in the most common kinds of cold fusion and transmutation experiments. Photographs of BL effects from four groups are shown in this article. There is a state of existence of material and energy like that of ball lighting. Common characteristics and effects of ball lightning are described, as are simple hypotheses and conjectures.

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Lewis, E. Cold Fusion in the Context of a Scientific Revolution in Physics: History and Economic Ramifications. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Lewis, E. Evidence of Microscopic Ball Lightning in Cold Fusion Experiments. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Lewis, E. Microscopic Ball Lightning. in Ninth International Symposium on Ball Lightning. 2006. Eindhoven, Netherlands.

Microscopic ball lightning, smaller than a tenth of a millimeter, has been produced by electrical discharge and electrolysis experiments. It shares the anomalous characteristics of natural ball lightning such as the ability to bore holes in materials and transmute atoms. It groups and organizes in the same way as natural ball lightning, in chains and rings. It has anomalous effects on materials, putting atoms into an anomalous state in which the atoms flow, move, organize, and transmute. Atoms in this state may move with very little heat in their environment. Pictures of microscopic ball lightning effects from various authors are included in this article to help describe the behavior of the phenomenon.

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Lewis, E. Evidence of Ball Lightning -- A Survey of Some Recent Experimental Papers Describing Microscopic Objects Associated with Transmutation Phenomena. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Eight or 9 groups of researchers have reported that transmutation experiments are associated with the emission of anomalous objects that cause anomalous markings. Since the year 2000, Urutskoev et al., Savvatimova, Ivoilov, and Adamenko have published similar results, and several scientists are speculating that these emitted objects are Lochak monopoles. Plastic targets like CR-39 and nuclear emulsions of various kinds are used by researchers as a way to detect various particles and objects, and people are finding anomalous markings on their detectors and on their electrodes. Before them, Matsumoto, Shoulders and I reported finding similar markings in transmutation experiments. I found such markings on the components of an electrolysis cell [1]. I hypothesized that microscopic ball lightning is produced in transmutation experiments. Matsumoto accepted this idea when I told him, and Savvatimova and Urutskoev acknowledge that they have found tracks similar to those in the photographs published by Matsumoto [2, 3]. Their transmutation results are similar also. During this decade, several groups investigated these objects that evidence the characteristics and behavior of ball lightning.

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Lewis, E. The Eighty Year Periodicity of Scientific Revolutions and What It Means for the Cold Fusion Field. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

About 19 years ago, I developed a theory of scientific revolutions and economic depressions that allowed predictions that have been accurate. This general theory allows one to understand how the new plasmoid paradigm may develop over the next 100 years, if science continues to develop in the eighty year pattern it has had for the last 600 years. During the next 20 years, younger people may accept the new paradigm and develop the physical theories. About 40 years from now, if the paradigm is accepted by society, inventors and technicians will begin to invent the paradigm's major inventions. Along with explaining the economic and scientific predictions of this theory, this paper describes the history of plasmoid research relating to the cf/LENR field.  Of particular interest to people nowadays, twenty years ago this model accurately predicted the timing and characteristics of the economic depressionary period that is starting now. This model ties the economic long-wave cycle to scientific revolutions in physics.

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Lewis, E., Traces of Ball Lightings in Apparatus. Infinite Energy, 2009(83).

Lewis, E., Tracks of Ball Lightning in Apparatus? J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., 2009. 2.

Researchers of electrical discharge and electrolysis experiments have been finding microscopic markings that are unusual and anomalous. It is possible that these markings are made by microscopic objects that are in the size range of 400–0.1 Åm. These objects may be a type of microscopic ball lightning. They may share the anomalous characteristics of natural ball lightning. They are also finding highly anomalous material activity and emissions. Pictures of the markings and anomalous effects that were taken by six groups of researchers are shown and interpreted in this article.

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Lewis, F. A.

Lewis, F.A., The Hydrides of Palladium and Palladium Alloys. Pt. Met. Rev., 1960. 4-5: p. 132.

Lewis, F.A., The Palladium Hydrogen System. 1967, New York: Academic Press.

Lewis, F.A., The hydrides of palladium and palladium alloys. Pt. Met. Rev., 1968. 4/5: p. 61.

Lewis, F.A., A. Obermann, and G. Hodes, Hydrogen Overpotential and Underpotential at Palladium-Black and Platinum-Black Surfaces. Surf. Technol., 1976. 4: p. 79.

Lewis, F.A., W.F.N. Leitch, and A. Murray, Electrolytic Hydrogen Isotope Separation Factors and Efficiency of Exchange Between D2O and Hydrogen (Protium) at Palladium Electrodes. Sur. Technol., 1978. 7: p. 385.

Lewis, F.A., W.D. McFall, and T.C. Witherspoon, Hysteresis of Pressure-Composition and Electrical Resistance-Composition Relationships of Palladium/Hydrogen and Palladium Alloy/Hydrogen Systems. Z. Phys. Chemie, 1979. 114: p. 239.

Lewis, F.A., Molecular Hydrogen Diffusion Overpotential and Local Cells Hydrogen Transfer Processes at Electrodes of Palladium , Palladium Alloys and Other Transition Metals , And Implications for Theories of Hydrogen Overpotential. Sur. Technol., 1980. 11: p. 1.

Lewis, F.A., et al., Electrolytic Hydrogen Isotope Separation Factors Within Low Voltage Hydrogen Transfer Cells. Surf. Technol., 1981. 13: p. 101.

Lewis, F.A., The Palladium-Hydrogen System. Platinum Met. Rev., 1982. 26: p. 121.

Lewis, F.A., K. Kandasamy, and B. Baranowski, The "Uphill" Diffusion of Hydrogen: Strain-Gradient-Induced Effects in Palladium Alloy Membranes. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1988. 13: p. 439.

Lewis, F.A., S.G. McGee, and R.A. McNicholl, Limits of hydrogen contents introduced by electrolysis into palladium and palladium-rich alloys. Z. Phys. Chem., 1993. 179: p. 63.

Lewis, L. N.

Lewis, L.N., P.G. Kosky, and N. Lewis, On the search for non-electrochemical cold fusion: production of D2 off of high surface area Pd colloid. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1990. 145: p. 81.

Lewis, N. S.

Lewis, N.S., et al., Searches for low-temperature nuclear fusion of deuterium in palladium. Nature (London), 1989. 340(6234): p. 525.

Li, D.

Li, D., The measuring principle and the experimental method of the cold fusion - reaction cross section. Jishou Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban, 1996. 17(3): p. 65 (in Chinese).

Li, X. Z.

Li, X.Z., An Introduction to Cold Fusion, in Science Daily. 1990.

Review of cold fusion, in Chinese.

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Li, X.Z., et al. The Precursor of "Cold Fusion" Phenomenon in Deuterium/Solid Systems. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

It is suggested that detecting the precursor of the "cold fusion" phenomenon in deuterium/solid systems will help solve the problem of reproducibility. The results of first step in this direction are discussed. Electromagnetic radiation and energetic charged particles have been detected. It has been shown that the surface condition has an important impact on this phenomenon.

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Li, X.Z. Chinese Effort in Understanding the "Cold Fusion" Phenomena. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Li, X.Z. Cold Fusion Researches in China-From Confirmation to Analyzing the Mechanism. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Li, X.Z., D.Z. Jin, and L. Chang. The Combined Resonance Tunneling and Semi-Resonance Level in Low Energy D-D Reaction. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Li, X.Z., et al., Anomalous nuclear phenomena and solid state nuclear track detector. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., 1993. 22: p. 599.

Li, X.Z. Searching for Truth with High Expectations - 5 Year Studies of Cold Fusion in China-. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.

Li, X.Z., The 3-Dimensional Resonance Tunneling in Chemically Assisted Nuclear Fission and Fusion Reactions. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 480.

Li, X.Z., REVISIT TO GAMOW FACTOR. 1995.

Li, X.Z. Solving the Puzzle of Excess Heat without Strong Nuclear Radiation. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Li, X.Z. Tunneling the Coulomb barrier via lattice confined ions. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Li, X.Z., A New Approach Towards Fusion Energy with No Strong Nuclear Radiation. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(4): p. 44.

Li, X.Z., A new approach towards nuclear fusion without strong nuclear radiation. Nucl. Fusion Plasma Phys., 1996. 16(2): p. 1 (in Chinese).

Li, X.Z., Excess Heat Measurement in Gass-Loading D/Pd System. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(4): p. 34.

Li, X.Z., et al. New Measurements of Excess Heat in a Gas Loaded D-Pd System. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Li, X.Z., C.X. Li, and H.F. Huang, Maximum value of the resonant tunneling current through the Coulomb barrier. Fusion Technol., 1999. 36: p. 324.

Li, X.Z., Overcoming of the Gamow tunneling insufficiencies by maximizing the damp-matching resonant tunneling. Czech. J. Phys., 1999. 49: p. 985.

Li, X.Z., et al. Coherence in Cold and Hot Fusion. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Li, X.Z., et al. Nuclear Transmutation in Pd Deuteride. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Li, X.Z., et al., Sub-barrier fusion and selective resonant tunneling. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 2000. 61: p. 024610-1.

Li, X.Z., et al. "Pumping effect" - Reproducible excess heat in a gas-loading D/Pd system-. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
Excess heat in a gas-loading D/Pd system is detected using current-constant mode or temperature-constant mode. A reproducible “pumping effect” is observed for the D/Pd gas-loading system. Using this effect, the power density of “excess heat” (apparent excess energy) reaches 2 W/cc.

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Li, X.Z., et al. "Super-absorption" - Correlation between deuterium flux and excess heat-. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
The concept of Super-Absorption has been proposed based on the correlation between deuterium flux and excess heat, and based on the selective resonant tunneling model. The experimental evidence for this correlation is shown in the D/Pd system with a Calvet high precision calorimeter. A theoretical model is set-up to show how the resonant tunneling effect will correlate the deuterium flux to the generation of excess heat.

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Li, X.Z. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (Introduction to Proceedings). in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

“Condensed Matter Nuclear Science” was suggested for the title of a new journal during an extended meeting held by ICCF-9 International Advisory Committee on May 21, 2002. It symbolized the new starting point of this research field after 13 years of world-wide continuous study.
Three coherences were announced in Lerici, ITALY as the theme of ICCF-9, i.e. the coherence between CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS and NUCLEAR PHYSICS; the coherence between “hot fusion” and “cold fusion”; and the coherence between application and fundamental research. This conference is organized according to the theme.

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Li, X.Z., Nuclear Physics for Nuclear Fusion ---Selective Resonant Tunneling in Light Nuclei Fusion---. Fusion Sci. & Technol., 2002. 41(63).

Li, X.Z., et al., Correlation between abnormal deuterium flux and heat flow in a D/Pd system. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2003. 36: p. 3095-3097.

This paper is reprinted from the Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. The original is on line at:
 http://www.iop.org/EJ/
http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0022-3727/36/23/035/
 Abstract
Deuterium flux through the thin wall of a palladium tube has been studied by monitoring gas pressure and temperature. A high-precision calorimeter (Calvet) was used to detect heat flow when the heater was shut down and the palladium tube was cooling down slowly. At certain temperatures an abnormal deuterium flux appeared. This deuterium flux reached a peak when the temperature of the palladium was decreasing. This abnormal deuterium flux differs from the monotonic feature of a normal diffusive flux and is accompanied by a heat flow.

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Li, X.Z., et al. PROGRESS IN GAS-LOADING D/Pd SYSTEM -- The feasibility of a self-sustaining heat generator --. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Great progress has been made after 14 year of experiments with the gas-loading D/Pd system. 6 watts of “excess heat” were generated in a gas-loaded D/Pd system for 9 hours continuously. This experiment has been repeated 6 times already in various configurations. The “excess power” density in the Pd disk is more than 100 W per cubic centimeter, which is about the power density in a fuel rod of a thermal neutron fission reactor.

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Li, X.Z., et al., A Chinese View on Summary of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. J. Fusion Energy, 2004. 23(3): p. 217-221.

From www.springerlink.com. Reprinted with permission from the authors.
 Abstract:
 Investigation on tritium was one of the recommendations in Energy Research Advisory Board
(ERAB) report of U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) in November, 1989. Fifteen years evolution of the related research proved that it was an important recommendation. A selective resonant tunneling model is attempted to explain this discovery. Deuterium flux might be a key issue to solve the problem of the reproducibility. A further investigation is suggested based on this model.

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Li, X.Z., et al. Multiple Scattering Theory (MST) and Condensed Matter Nuclear Science -- "Super-Absorption" in a Crystal Lattice --. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Abstract
A simple 1-dimensional model is used to illustrate “super-absorption” in a crystal lattice. The WKB method is applied to calculate the reflection rate and the transmission rate for a single cell.  Then matrix algebra is manipulated to give the relation between the single cell and an array of N cells. The selective resonant tunneling in this array of N cells is discussed, and the dependence of the absorption rate on the number of the cells is calculated to show the difference between coherent and non-coherent systems.

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Li, X.Z. The Puzzle of Excess Heat with No Strong Nuclear Radiation (PowerPoint slides). in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Li, X.Z., et al. Multiple Scattering of Deuteron Wave Function near Surface of Palladium Lattice (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Li, X.Z., et al. Multiple Scattering of Deuteron Wave Function near Surface of Palladium Lattice. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Li, X.Z., et al. Selective Resonant Tunneling through Coulomb Barrier by Confined Particles in Lattice Well. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Li, X.Z., Q. Wei, and B. Liu, An Approach to Nuclear Energy without Strong Nuclear Radiation, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 39-56.

Li, X.Z., B. Liu, and Q. Wei. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Research in China. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Li, X.Z., et al. Exploring a Self-Sustaining Heater without Strong Nuclear Radiation. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Li, X.Z. Predictability of Theory, and Collaboration with Experimentalists in CMNS (PowerPoint slides). in American Physical Society Meeting. 2008. New Orleans.

Prof. T. Dolan . . . IAEA Coordinator for International Fusion Research (1995-2001), decided to use 3-Parameter formula instead of 5-Parameter formula for D+T Fusion Cross-Section in his Plasma Course at Univ. of Illinois, 2008.
Because 3-Parameter formula is better than 5-Parameter formula not only in numbers but also in Physics.
3-Parameter formula shows the possibility of having nuclear reaction without strong neutron or gamma radiation.

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Li, X.Z., Review of CBS 60 Minutes 'Cold Fusion is Hot Again' (in Chinese). 2009, Tsinghua University: Beijing.

A review, written in Chinese, of the CBS 60 Minutes program “Cold Fusion is Hot Again.” This program was broadcast on April 19, 2009.

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Li, X.Z., et al. Wave Nature of Deuterium Flux Permeating through Palladium Thin Film with Nanometer Coating Layers --- (II) Theoretical Model ---- (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Super-wave has generated the long lasting, high gain "excess heat" in deuterium/palladium systems during Energetics Technologies, ENEA, and SRI collaboration. There must be an internal wave nature of the deuterium/palladium systems, which is in response to external super-wave, particularly, near the surface of the deuterium/palladium systems. Three sets of experimental data in the past 7 years at Tsinghua University are summarized to reveal this wave nature (please see abstract (I)). A simple theoretical model was set-up to understand this wave nature.

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Liang, W. X.

Liang, W.X., et al. Neutron Measurements in a AC-Discharge Tube. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Liaw, B. Y.

Liaw, B.Y., et al. Elevated Temperature Excess Heat Production Using Molten-Salt Electrochemical Techniques. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

An investigation of elevated-temperature excess heat production in the Ti-D and Pd-D systems is presented here. A eutectic LiCl-KCl molten salt saturated with LiD is used as the electrolyte in a Pd/Al or Ti/Al electrochemical cell. Typical operating temperatures are around 370°C, which results in faster kinetics compared to room temperature operation. If this system can be developed for utility applications, high-grade heat and high thermodynamic efficiencies can be expected. Since the electrolyte provides a very reducing environment, metal surface oxides are readily removed; thus, this unique system offers the possibility of using less expensive materials than Pd. A modified isoperibol calorimeter was built for the excess power measurements. Preliminary results show high levels of excess power output, especially in the Pd-D system, although the effect remains sporadic.
 
This is the Fusion Facts version of the paper, with a different title.

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Liaw, B.Y., et al., Elevated-temperature excess heat production in a Pd + D system. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 319: p. 161.

Liaw, B.Y., P.L. Tao, and B.E. Liebert. Recent Progress on Cold Fusion Research Using Molten Salt Techniques. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Liaw, B.Y. and B.E. Liebert. A Potential Shuttle Mechanism for Charging Hydrogen Species into Metals in Hydride-Containing Molten Salt Systems. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Liaw, B.Y. and Y. Ding. Charging Hydrogen into Ni in Hydride-containing Molten Salts. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Liaw, B.Y., P.L. Tao, and B.E. Liebert, Helium analysis of palladium electrodes after molten salt electrolysis. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 92.

Liaw, B.Y. and Q.H. Gao. Thin Film Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia. in 9th International Conf. on Solid State Ionics. 1993. The Hague, The Netherlands.

Liboff, R. L.

Liboff, R.L., Fusion via metallic deuterium. Phys. Lett., 1979. 71A: p. 361.

Liboff, R.L., Feasibility of fusion of an aggregate of deuterons in the ground state. Phys. Lett., 1993. 174 A: p. 317.

Lida, T.

Lida, T., Deuteron fusion experiments with some foils implanted with deuteron beams. Genshikaku Kenkyu, 1995. 40(5): p. 77.

Lietz, H.

Lietz, H., Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Status Report Germany. 2004.

This memo reports historical and present, experimental and theoretical research being done in Germany of relevance to Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS), Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), or Chemically Assisted Nuclear Reactions (CANR), sometimes called "cold fusion". Reported are current d+d fusion experiments far below the Coulomb barrier at Universities in Berlin and Bochum.

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Lietz, H., Unbeachtete Forschung: Kalte Fusion, in Telepolis. 2004.

Am 23. März 1989 wurde die Welt in Aufregung versetzt, als zwei Chemiker berichteten, sie hätten eine Kernfusion bei Raumtemperatur beobachtet. Berichte einer neuen, vielversprechenden Energiequelle liefen um die Welt. Nach einem halben Jahr, einem Negativbericht des US-Energieministeriums und einigen gescheiterten Versuchen, das Experiment zu reproduzieren, setzte sich in Wissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit die Überzeugung durch, es habe sich um einen Fehlalarm gehandelt. Jenseits des wissenschaftlichen und öffentlichen Mainstreams jedoch haben Wissenschaftler in den letzten 15 Jahren die Forschung vorangetrieben. In Italien und Japan sind dafür öffentliche Gelder zur Verfügung gestellt worden. In Hunderten Experimenten wird mittlerweile von der Messung von Fusionsprodukten, der Umwandlung von Elementen und einem Energiegewinn berichtet. Die Erforscher der kalten Fusion haben erreicht, dass das US-Energieministerium diese Berichte nun überprüft. Gespannt wartet die Fachwelt auf den Review. Der vorliegende Bericht schildert Forschungsergebnisse aus 15 Jahren und fragt, wie es möglich war, dass außerhalb des Internets kaum Informationen darüber bekannt geworden sind. Als Hauptgrund wird genannt, dass die kalte Fusion bisherigen Erkenntnissen widerspricht, Fusion sei nur heiß möglich. Berichtet wird auch, wie die kalte Fusion von Teilen der Politik und der Wissenschaft aktiv bekämpft worden ist. In jedem Fall ist die kalte Fusion eine Konkurrenz für die heiße Fusion, in die als Energiequelle der Zukunft bereits Milliardenbeträge investiert worden sind.

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Lievrouw, L. A.

Lievrouw, L.A., Communication and the social representation of scientific knowledge. Crit. Stud. Mass Commun., 1990. 7: p. 1.

Lihn, C. J.

Lihn, C.J., et al., The influence of deposits on palladium cathodes in D2O electrolysis. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 324.

Lin, G. H.

Lin, G.H., et al., Electrochemical fusion: a mechanism speculation. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 280: p. 207.

Lin, G.H., et al., On electrochemical tritium production. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1990. 15: p. 537.

Lin, G.H., J.R. Bhardwa, and J. Bockris, Response to Noninski et al: Observation of beta radiation decay in low energy nuclear reaction. J. Sci. Expl., 1995. 9: p. 207.

Lin, G.H. and J. Bockris, Anomalous radioactivity and unexpected elements as a result of heating inorganic mixtures. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 100.

Lin, T. L.

Lin, T.L. and C.C. Liu, Cold fusion experiment at Department of Nuclear Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 487.

Lindley, D.

Lindley, D., Cold Fusion Gathering is Incentive to Collaborate. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 325.

Lindley, D., Does commercial pressure make for bad science? The World & I, 1989: p. 513.

Lindley, D., Double Blow for Cold Nuclear Fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 567.

Lindley, D., No Evidence for Neutrons at Yale/BYU. Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 106.

Lindley, D., Noncommittal Outcome. Nature (London), 1989. 341: p. 679.

Lindley, D., Official Thumbs Down. Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 215.

Lindley, D., The Embarrassment of Cold Fusion. Nature (London), 1990. 344: p. 375.

This paper is available from:
 
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v344/n6265/pdf/344375a0.pdf
 
A copy is also available here:
 
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/inthenews/1990/Nature-Embarassment.shtml
 
These links along with some selected quotes from the paper are included in the version here.

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Lindley, D., Utah Faculty Protest Cold Fusion Dealings. Nature (London), 1990. 345: p. 561.

Linford, R. K.

Linford, R.K., Remarks of Rulon K. Linford. J. Fusion Energy, 1991. 10(1): p. 121.

Lipson, A. G.

Lipson, A.G., et al., Anomalous beta activity of products of mechanical working of a titanium- deuterated material. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1989. 15(10): p. 783.

Lipson, A.G., et al., Deuterium-deuterium fusion initiation by friction in the system titanium- deuterated polymer. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1989. 15(17): p. 26 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., et al., Neutron emission during the mechanical treatment of titanium in the presence of deuterated substances. JETP, 1989. 49(11): p. 675.

Lipson, A.G., et al., Neutron generation by mechanical activation of metal surfaces. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(17): p. 54 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., et al., Observation of neutrons from cavitation action on substances containing deuterium. Pis'ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1990. 16(9): p. 89 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., et al., Reproducible neutron emission by the combined effect of cavitation and electrolysis at the surface of a titanium cathode in electrolyte based on heavy water. Pis'ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1991. 17(21): p. 33 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., V.A. Kuznetsov, and B.V. Deryagin, Scenarios of 'cold nuclear fusion' by concentration of elastic energy in crystals. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1991. 318(3): p. 636 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., et al., The possibility of 'cold nuclear fusion' in deuterated ceramic YBa2Cu3O(7-x) in the superconducting state. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1991. 321(5): p. 958 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., et al., Initiation of nuclear fusion by cavitation action on deuterium-containing media. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1992. 62(12): p. 121 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., et al., Neutron emission in monocrystals of KD2PO4, stimulated by ferroelectric phase transition. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fis., 1992. 18(16): p. 90 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., et al., On the initiation of DD reactions in the zirconium-deuterium system. Phys. Lett. A, 1992. 166: p. 43.

Lipson, A.G., et al., Parallel recording of pulsed thermal effects and neutron bursts in heterostructural Au/Pd/PdO, saturated with deuterium by electrochemical means. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1992. 18(20): p. 58 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., et al., Cold nuclear fusion induced in KD2PO4 single crystals by a ferroelectric phase transition. JETP, 1993. 76(6): p. 1070.

Lipson, A.G., et al., Is 'cold nuclear fusion' necessary to understand the anomalous thermal effects in the Pd-D(H) system? Phys. Dokl., 1993. 38: p. 286.

Lipson, A.G., et al., Possibilities for increasing the neutron emission in KD2PO4 crystals at the phase transition through the Curie point. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1993. 19(11): p. 729.

Lipson, A.G., et al., The generation of nuclear fusion products by a combination of cavitation action and electrolysis at the titanioum surface in deuterated electrolyte. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1993. 63(7): p. 187 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., I.I. Bardyshev, and D.M. Sakov, Generation of hard gamma-radiation in KD2PO4 single crystals during the ferroelectric phase transition. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1994. 20: p. 957.

Lipson, A.G. and D.M. Sakov, Increase in the intensity of the external neutron flux in the irradiation of a KD2PO4 crystal at the point of the ferroelectric transition. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1994. 20: p. 954.

Lipson, A.G. and D.M. Sakov. Amplification of the Neutron Flux Transmitted Through KD2PO4 Single-Crystal at the Ferroelectric Phase Transition State. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Lipson, A.G., et al., Generation of the products of DD nuclear fusion in high-temperature superconductors YBa2Cu3O7-deltaDy near the superconducting phase transition. Tech. Phys., 1995. 40: p. 839.

Lipson, A.G., D.M. Sakov, and E.I. Saunin, Interaction of weak neutron flux with triglycine sulphate (D0.6H0.4) at the paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1995. 21(24): p. 25 (in Russian).

Lipson, A.G., I.I. Bardyshev, and D.M. Sakov. Possible Observation of the First Excited State of He4 Nucleus According to the g-Emission Data in KD2PO4 Crystals upon Transition Through Curie Point. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Lipson, A.G., et al., The nature of excess energy liberated in a Pd/PdO heterostructure electrochemically saturated with hydrogen (deuterium). Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1995. 69: p. 1810.

Lipson, A.G., et al. Excess Heat Production and Nuclear Ash in PdO/Pd/PdO Heterostructure after Electrochemical Saturation with Deuterium. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Lipson, A.G., et al., Possibility of mechanically stimulated transmutation of carbon nuclei in ultradisperse deuterium-containing media. Tech. Phys., 1997. 42: p. 676.

Lipson, A.G., et al. Evidence for DD-Reaction and a Long-Range Alpha Emission in Au/Pd/PdO:D Heterstructure as a Result of Exothermic Deuterium Deposition. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Lipson, A.G., et al., Evidence for low-intensity D-D reaction as a result of exothermic deuterium desorption from Au/Pd/PdO:D heterostructure. Fusion Technol., 2000. 38: p. 238.

Lipson, A.G., A.B. Karabut, and A.S. Roussetski. Anomalous enhancement of DD-reaction, alpha emission and X-ray generation in the high current pulsing deuterium glow-discharge with Ti-cathode at the voltages ranging from 0.8-2.5 kV. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 Using electronic noiseless solid state plastic track (CR-39) and Al₂O₃:C thermo-luminescent (TLD) detectors, the yields of charged particles (DD-reaction products and long-range α-particles) and X-ray photons are studied in the pulsing-periodic deuterium glow discharge with Ti-cathode at low discharge voltage (ranging of 0.8-2.5 kV) and high current density (300 – 600 mA/cm²). Analysis of DD-proton yields versus accelerating voltages, allowed to estimate the deuteron screening potential value U_S at the deuteron energy range of 0.8 < E_d < 2.45 keV. It was found that in this energy range the effective screening potential would be as high as U_S = 620 ±140 eV.

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Lipson, A.G., et al. Anomalous thermal neutron capture and sub-surface Pd-isotopes separation in cold-worked palladium foils as a result of deuterium loading. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 The process of thermal neutron absorption in the cold- worked Pd cathodes during electrolysis in NaOD/D2O solution under irradiation by Ultraweak Thermalized Neutron Field (UTNF) was studied. It was found that during deuterium loading the probability of thermal neutron absorption in a strained Pd is increased by a factor 8 compared to the unstrained (annealed) sample or sample where loading is not carried out. Symmetric separation of Pd isotope pairs of Pd108-Pd105 and Pd110-Pd104 occurring in the subsurface layer down to 500 A depth in the cold worked Pd foil loaded with deuterium is observed. It is established that observed Pd isotope separation is solely defined by a strong plastic deformation (mechanical strain), induced by deuterium loading in Pd-matrix. The effect of Pd-isotopes separation is strongly enhanced under UTNF irradiation

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Lipson, A.G., et al. In-Situ Charged Particles And X-Ray Detection In Pd Thin Film-Cathodes During Electrolysis In Li2SO4/H2O. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Beijing, China: Tsinghua University: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Measurements of energetic charged particle and soft X-ray emissions have been performed using calibrated CR-39 plastic track and LiF/Al₂O₃:C-Thermo-Luminescent (TLD)  detectors. It was found that during the electrolysis of thin Pd-film cathodes on the dielectric substrates, the alpha-particles ranging from 11.0-16.0 MeV and protons near 1.7 MeV are emitted. No significant X-ray emission with upper dose limit of ~ 1 mrem (corresponding to ~ 5.0 X-ray photon/s´cm² with E_x=10 keV) was detected.

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Lipson, A.G., et al. Phenomenon of an Energetic Charged Particle Emission From Hydrogen/Deuterium Loaded Metals. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Abstract
The new phenomenon of energetic alpha (up to 16.0 MeV) and proton (~1.7 MeV) emissions has been discovered from a metal surface possessing a large affinity for hydrogen and loaded/excited by electrolysis, glow discharge or powerful laser. These various experiments on charged particle detection show a remarkable feature, namely all exhibit a similar specific energy yield of long-range alphas (1 alpha particle per 10-15 eV input energy/Pd(Ti) target atom) independent of the excitation power of delivering method (electrolysis, glow discharge or laser irradiation). This result suggests the mechanism of energy transfer causing the energetic particle emissions in hydrogen loaded metal targets is similar despite the seemingly dissimilar excitation techniques.

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Lipson, A.G., et al. Strong Enhancement of DD-reaction Accompanied by X-ray Generation in a Pulsed Low Voltage High-Current Deuterium Glow Discharge with a Ti-Cathode. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Using noiseless solid state plastic track (CR-39) and Al₂O₃:C thermo-luminescent (TLD) detectors, the yields of 3.0 MeV protons (from DD-reaction) and soft X-ray photons emitted from the cathode are studied in the pulsing-periodic deuterium glow discharge with Ti-cathode at low discharge voltages (ranging of 0.8-2.5 kV) and high current density (300 – 600 mA/cm²). Analysis of DD-proton yield versus accelerating voltages, allowed to estimate the deuteron screening potential value U_S at the deuteron energy range of 0.8 < E_d < 2.45 keV. It was found a strong DD-reaction enhancement  in glow discharge (the effective screening potential U_e = 610 ±150 eV) compared to that for accelerator experiments at higher deuteron energies (E_lab ³2.5 keV) and lower beam  current density (50- 500 mA/cm2). X-ray measurements showed an intensive (I_x = 10¹³-10¹⁴ s^-1-cm^-2) soft X-ray emission (with a mean energy of quantum E_x = 1.2-1.5 keV) directly from the Ti cathode. The X-ray yield is strongly dependent on a deuterium diffusivity in the near –the –surface layer of cathode.

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Lipson, A.G., G.H. Miley, and H. Momota. Enhancement of First Wall Damage in ITER Type TOKAMAK Due to LENR Effects (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Lipson, A.G., G.H. Miley, and H. Momota. Enhancement of First Wall Damage in ITER Type TOKAMAK Due to LENR Effects. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Lipson, A.G., et al. Evidence of Supersoichiometric H/D LENR Active Sites and High Temperature Superconductivity in a Hydrogen-Cycled Pd/PdO (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

PowerPoint slides for the paper of the same title.

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Lipson, A.G., et al. Evidence of Supersoichiometric H/D LENR Active Sites and High Temperature Superconductivity in a Hydrogen-Cycled Pd/PdO. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Lipson, A.G., et al. Generation of DD-Reactions in a Ferroelectric KD2PO4 Single Crystal During Transition Through Curie Point (Tc = 220 K) (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

PowerPoint slides for the paper of the same title.

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Lipson, A.G., et al. Generation of DD-Reactions in a Ferroelectric KD2PO4 Single Crystal During Transition Through Curie Point (Tc = 220 K). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

A new approach to develop a source of 2.45 MeV neutrons caused by polarization reversal in KD₂PO₄ single crystal (DKDP) during its passage through the Curie point (Tc = 220 K) is presented. The background of this approach is referred to observation of neutron/proton emission in DKDP during paraelectric - ferroelectric phase transition to spontaneous polarization state (and vice versa) upon the heating/cooling of crystal through Curie point Tc = 220 K.  The proposed source is based on earlier established proof of deuteron acceleration and neutron generation in the crystalline lattice of ferroelectrics during their transition to spontaneously polarized state (polarization reversal). In order to obtain neutron yield for practical application, the proposed solution foresees a separate DKDP crystals serving as cathode and anode and undergo to simultaneous ferroelectric phase transition in low-pressure deuterium atmosphere.

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Lipson, A.G., et al. Reproducible Nuclear Emissions from Pd/PdO:Dx Heterostructure during Controlled Exothermic Deuterium Desorption (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Lipson, A.G., et al. Reproducible Nuclear Emissions from Pd/PdO:Dx Heterostructure during Controlled Exothermic Deuterium Desorption. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Lipson, A.G. Edge plasma effects in ITER-type TOKAMAK caused by an enhancement of DD/DT reaction in metals at high currentlow energy deuteron bombardment. in 7th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium loaded Metals. 2006. Asti, Italy: iscmns.org.

LENR effects could also affect the processes at the first wall and divertor of TOKAMAK. Now LENR are not taken into account as a possible source of radiation damage in thermonuclear reactors.

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Lipson, A.G., A.S. Roussetski, and E.I. Saunin. Analysis of #2 Winthrop Williams' CR-39 detector after SPAWAR/Galileo type electrolysis experiment. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Lipson, A.G., et al. Analysis of the CR-39 detectors from SRI's SPAWAR/Galileo type electrolysis experiments #7 and #5. Signature of possible neutron emission. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Lipson, A.G., et al. Charged Particle Emissions Upon Electron Beam Excitation of Deuterium Subsystem in the Pd and Ti- Deuteride Targets. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Energetic charged particle emissions accompanying deuterium desorption from specially prepared Pd/PdO:Dx and TiDx targets in vacuum, stimulated by electron beam (J ~ 0.6 mA/cm², U = 30 keV) have been studied using a set of CR-39 plastic track detectors covered with various metal foil filters. It was found that the electron bombardment of those targets is caused by statistically significant emissions of DD-reaction product (3 MeV protons), as well as high energy alpha particles (11-20 MeV). At the same time the Pd/PdO:Dx and the TiDx samples show no sign of nuclear emissions during vacuum exposure without e-beam stimulation.  Extrapolation of both the DD-reaction cross section and the enhancement factor (consistent with calculated screening potential Ue = 750 eV) to very low deuteron energy allowed us to satisfactorily describe the detected DD-reaction yield in Pd/PdO:Dx target, assuming “hot” deuteron (Ed ~ 3.0 eV) generation under e-beam bombardment. This result strongly supports the theoretical prediction with regards to electron excitation of the D- subsystem in Pd- deuterides

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Lipson, A.G. and I.P. Chernov. Status of Russian research on Low Energy Nuclear Reactions in non-equilibrium condensed matter, based on publications in peer-reviewed journals. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Lipson, A.G., et al. Charged Particle Emissions in Metal Deuterides Upon e-Beam Excitation of Their Deuterium Subsystem (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Recent ab-initio study of hydrogen desorption from metal hydrides with a high hydrogen solubility [V.M., Silkin, I.P Chernov et. al, Phys. Rev., B 76, 245105 (2007)], showed that excitation of the hydrogen subsystem in those deuterides results in plasmon formation leading to generation of strong electric fields (F ~ 10E8V/cm) within at a lattice parameter scale (a ~ 0.3-0.4 nm). As a result, the mean energy of desorbed protons/deuterons (Ed) escaping from the hydride surface would effectively be increased from kT ~ 1/40 eV to several eV (Ed= F x a ~ 3-4 eV) or two orders of magnitude increase, effectively producing "hot" deuterons

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Lipson, A.G., et al. Evidence for Fast Neutron Emission During SRI’s SPAWAR/Galileo-Type Electrolysis Experiments #7 and #5, Based on CR-39 Track Detector Record (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Objectives
Verify reported nuclear emissions using Pd electrodeposition technique and CR-39 detectors (P. Boss et al).
* Ag(or other metal)-wire cathodes
* 107-108pits/cm2where the cathode meets the CR-39.
* Identify pits caused by mechanical defects -electric discharge
* Test the applicability of our track identification technique (A. Roussetski et al, ICCF-12, Yokohama, 2005)
* successive etching of CR-39
* plot track diameter evolution vs. removed depth
* Simultaneous CR-39 exposure and in-situ neutron detection.
* Compare Live (D2O) to Blank (H20)
* Compare Background (CR-39 2m from cell) to Foreground
* Compare to BF3 proportional detector count rate.

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Lipson, A.G., et al., Hot Deuteron Generation and Charged Particle Emissions on Excitation of Deuterium Subsystem in Metal Deuterides, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. 95-117.

Lipson, A.G., et al. Surface Morphology of Metal Deuterides Upon e-Beam Excitation of Their Deuterium Subsystem (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Recent ab-initio theoretical study of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and metal deuterides indicate a new mechanism for deuteron acceleration, which along with possible large electron screening in the metal targets could potentially strongly enhance the yield of DD-reaction in metal deuterides at room temperature. In this research we continue our study with regards to the role of electromagnetic excitation of hydrogen subsystem in metal deuterides to enhance the yield of low energy nuclear reactions (LENR). To this aim we have carried out 5 series of experiments on charged particle detection using plastic track detectors CR-39, under in-vacuum electronbeam stimulation of various metal deuterides during spontaneous deuterium desorption (if any) from the deuterated samples.

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Lisowski, W.

Lisowski, W., et al., Atomic H Desorption from Thin Palladium Hydride Films. Appl. Surf. Science, 1988. 31: p. 157.

Little, S.

Little, S., G. Luce, and M. Little. MOAC - A High Accuracy Calorimeter for Cold Fusion Studies. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Liu, B.

Liu, B., et al. Triggering A Deuterium Flux In Pd Wire Using Electromagnetic Field. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

An electromagnetic field is applied on a long-thin Pd wire to test the effect of an electrical potential on the loading of the deuterium gas into the palladium, which was proposed by Del Giudice, De Ninno and their group during ICCF-9. The preliminary experimental results showed that this electromagnetic field triggered not only the loading, but also the “excess heat” because of the deuterium flux effect as proposed by Xing Z. Li and his group.

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Liu, B., et al. "Excess Heat" Induced by Deuterium Flux in Palladium Film. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Liu, B., et al. "Excess heat" in a Gas-Loading D/Pd System with Pumping inside Pd Tube. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Liu, B., et al. Wave Nature of Deuterium Flux Permeating through Palladium Thin Film with Nanometer Coating Layers ---(I) Experimental Observation---- (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Wave nature of deuterium flux permeating through the palladium thin film is revealed using nanometer coating layers. Three sets of experimental data[1,2,3] agree with wave in multiple-layer theory quantitatively or qualitatively. Other than granular particle diffusion model and surface catalyst model, the wave nature of deuterons inside the coating layers must be included in order to explain the experimental phenomena.

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Liu, F. S.

Liu, F.S., The phonon mechanism of the cold fusion. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1996. 10: p. 1129.

Liu, F.

Liu, F., et al., Nature of short range interaction between deuterium atoms in palladium. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72: p. 891.

Liu, R.

Liu, R., et al., Measurement of neutron energy spectra from the gas discharge facility. Yuanzi Yu Fenzi Wuli Xuebao, 1994. 11(2): p. 115 (in Chinese).

Liu, Z.

Liu, Z., et al., Photoemission studies of Pd/D system with high deuterium content. Chin. Phys. Lett., 1990. 7: p. 125.

Lo, S. Y.

Lo, S.Y., Enhancement of nuclear fusion in a strongly coupled cold plasma. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3(16): p. 1207.

Lobanov, V. V.

Lobanov, V.V., et al., Studies of neutron emission from TiFe alloy loaded with deuterium at room temperature. Pis'ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1991. 17(23): p. 22 (in Russian).

Lochak, G.

Lochak, G. and L. Urutskoev. Low-energy nuclear reactions and the leptonic monopole. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Our report surveys the experimental and theoretical studies carried out at the RECOM since 1998 and the theoretical studies of leptonic monopoles by Georges Lochak (Fondation Louis de Broglie). We will outline briefly all the results to give the overall picture of our research.

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Loebich, Jr., D.

Loebich, J., D. and C.J. Raub, Das Zustandsdiagramm Lithium-Palladium und die Magnetischen Eigenschaften der Li-Pd Legierungen. J. Less-Common Met., 1977. 55: p. 67.

Lohr, L. L.

Lohr, L.L., Electronic structure of palladium clusters: implications for cold fusion. J. Phys. Chem., 1989. 93: p. 4697.

Lomovskii, O. I.

Lomovskii, O.I., A.F. Eremin, and V.V. Boldyrev, Isotope heat effect in reactions with libreration of hydrogen on palladium catalytic particles. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 309: p. 879 (In Russian).

Lonchampt, G.

Lonchampt, G., L. Bonnetain, and P. Hieter. Reproduction of Fleischmann and Pons Experiments. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract
 The objective of this work is to check the reliability of the initial Fleischmann and Pons calorimeter for studying cold fusion from ambient to boiling temperature. After describing our experimental set up, the assessment of excess heat from the enthalpy balance is discussed. We have observed deposits on the electrodes after electrolysis, which, in our opinion, have a determining role in the excess heat generation. We show raw data from three runs. It is concluded that this calorimeter is well adapted for such cold fusion investigation.

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Lonchampt, G., et al. Excess Heat Measurement with Patterson Type Cells. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

We have measured excess heat in a Patterson type cell doing electrolysis of light water in Li₂SO₄ with a cathode made of 0.6 mm nickel palladium beads and a platinum anode. The cell employed is similar to the CETI cell, the main difference being its increased diameter, allowing the use of more beads and a larger current with a relatively low current density. The experiment lasted 90 days. We show that a total excess energy of 800 kJ is produced, and cannot be explained by a chemical reaction. No nuclear ashes have been searched for at this stage.

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Lonchampt, G., et al. Excess Heat Measurement with Pons and Fleischmann Type Cells. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Abstract
 In experiments similar to the original Pons and Fleischmann description, we have done runs with palladium and platinum cathodes up to boiling in LiOD and Li₂SO₄. We show that up to 29% excess heat is produced at boiling, in accordance with our previous work, and in qualitative agreement with data obtained by Pons and Fleischmann but with lower magnitude. In addition we show that after boiling when the electrolyte is neutralized with sulfuric acid, excess heat is systematically observed at low temperature, even with platinum cathodes.

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Long, H. Q.

Long, H.Q., et al. Anomalous Effects in Deuterium/Metal Systems. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Long, H.Q., et al. The Anomalous Nuclear Effects Inducing by the Dynamic Low Pressure Gas Discharge in a Deuterium/Palladium System. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Long, H.

Long, H., et al. New Experimental Results of Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Metal Systems. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Longhurst, G. R.

Longhurst, G.R., T.J. Dolan, and G.L. Henriksen, An investigation of energy balances in palladium cathode electrolysis experiments. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 337.

Lopez Garcia, A. R.

Lopez Garcia, A.R., et al., Gamma-radiation detection limits for electrochemically induced deuterium cold-fusion rates. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1992. 105: p. 987.

Lopez, E.

Lopez, E., et al. Search for Charged-Particle d-d Fusion Products in an Encapsulated Pd Thin Film. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Lorenzini, E.

Lorenzini, E., P. Tartarini, and M. Trentin, Cold fusion: status of the research. Tec. Ital., 1990. 55(1): p. 1 (in Italian).

Louis, E.

Louis, E., et al., Calculation of hydrogen-hydrogen potential energies and fusion rates in palladium hydride (PdxH2) clusters (x=2,4). Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 42: p. 4996.

Louthan, Jr, M. R.

Louthan, J., M. R., et al., Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metals. Mater. Sci. and Eng., 1972. 10: p. 357.

Lowther, J. E.

Lowther, J.E., Hot spots in palladium hydride and cold fusion. Suid-Afrik. Tydskr. Wetenskap, 1991. 87: p. 17.

Lpson, A. G.

Lpson, A.G., et al., Yield of nuclear fusion products from absorption of elastic energy in deuterated metals. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1992. 323(6): p. 1097 (in Russian).

Lu, R.

Lu, R., X-ray emission and cold nuclear fusion in glow discharge process of a kind of gas. Trends Nucl. Phys., 1995. 12(1): p. 44 (in Chinese).

Lu, R., Electron-ion bound state and it initiating a little nuclear fusion. High Power Laser Part. Beams, 1998. 10(2): p. 315 (in Chinese).

Lu, R. Some Problems in Solar Physics and Astrophysics. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Lu, R. A kind of new physical process and it role in solar physics amdastrophysics. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Ludecki, C. M.

Ludecki, C.M., G. Deublein, and R.A. Huggins, Thermodynamic Characterization of Metal Hydrogen Systems by Assessment of Phase Diagrams and Electrochemical Measurements. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1987. 12: p. 81.

Luo, N.

Luo, N., et al. In-Situ Charactorization of Sputtered Pd Thin-Films Undergoing Electrolysis. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Beijing, China: Tsinghua University: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Abstract
 In-situ measurements on the resistance and temperature variations of Pd thin films are carried out during electrolysis. The measurement is made possible by covering parts of the Pd films with a protective layer of thermal and electric insulators. Electrical contacts are made by using either silver epoxy or indium soldering. The resistance-loading curve deviates somewhat from the typical curve for a bulk Pd/H(D) system. The initial resistance increase shows a much faster hydrogen diffusion rate along the film axis than that observed in bulk systems. The characteristic resistance-loading curve is explained by the electronic band structures of Pd loaded with different H(D) fractions. An excess heat of 30% during the electrolysis process was detected using an open  calorimeter and a novel circuit switching methodology. The corresponding excess power density reaches 100 W/cm3.

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Luo, N., G.H. Miley, and A.G. Lipson. Modeling of Surface and Bulk Effects in Thin-Film Pd Cathodes and High Proton Loading. in AVS, ICMSC Conference. 2002. Cleveland, Ohio.

Abstract
Electronic structure modeling is carried out for bulk PdH system with implications for some surface effects. The calculation is performed under the frame work of density functional theory. The results provide new insight into the charge state of H inside Pd. The H is slightly negatively charged over the composition range studied in this paper, and the negative charge around the proton increases with an increasing loading in hydrogen. By studying the behavior of H at the “bridging” site, which is also important to surface configuration, this paper helps explain why the effective charge observed in H drift experiments is different from the static charge state.

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Luo, N., et al. Enhancement Of Nuclear Reactions Due To Screening Effects Of Core Electrons. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Recent progress in understanding the screening effects of core level atomic electrons is summarized in this paper. Some preliminary results on core electron screening were reported before [1]. The studies focus on two types of nuclear reactions in some metal lattices: fusion between deuterons and also proton capture by medium and heavy lattice nuclei. In both reactions the energy of the light nuclear species, proton or deuteron, is on the KeV (1000 electron volts) scale, while that of heavy nuclei is essentially zero. A standard atomic code is used to obtain the core electron charge density and the potential profile in the metal atom. This Hartree-Fock-Slater type code was originally written by Herman and Skillman and later modified by others and available online. For the D-D reaction, the charge density obtained then gives an estimate on the screening length. The corresponding enhancement in Coulomb barrier tunneling can be obtained from this data.  For the proton capture reaction, an ion dynamic code written to simulate the motion of KeV protons in Pd/Ni lattice, CLAIRE, was modified to take into account the realistic atomic potential, including core electron contributions. In both cases, our result shows a significant nuclear reaction enhancement. The reaction rate calculated roughly matches the scale of excess heat observed in some metal hydride/deuteride experiments.

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Luo, N. and G.H. Miley. First-Principles Studies Of Ionic And Electronic Transport In Palladium Hydride. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

The transport properties of palladium hydride/deuteride are investigated using state-of-the-art density functional computational tools. This aspect of loaded hydride is important in that the resistance-loading curve is often used as a diagnostic in experiments to estimate the loading ratio. Understanding transport provides other important insights into some features of the nuclear reaction mechanism. This research involves both ionic and electronic degrees of freedom. For the ionic part, the focus is on the charge state of hydrogen/deuteron, in both a static and a dynamic (hopping) situation. Experiments show that hydrogen hops as fractional-charged positive ion in Pd lattice [1,2] while previous band structure calculations [3-5] always gave a negatively charged H in the ground state. This discrepancy is addressed in the current research and some results are already published [6]. The collective motion of ions is studied in the phonon structure and electron-phonon coupling constant using a perturbation density functional theory. The electronic part focuses on the density of state and the Fermi surface, which when combined with the electron-phonon coupling constant, determine the temperature and the H/D loading dependant resistivity curves. Our numerical results [7] qualitatively match experimental trends. The possible connections between this transport theory/mechanism and the non-equilibrium conditions required for excess heat are discussed.

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Lyakhov, B. F.

Lyakhov, B.F., et al., Anomalous heat release in the Pd/PdO system electrolytically saturated with hydrogen. Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1993. 67: p. 491.

Lynch, D. L.

Lynch, D.L., et al., Spectroscopic studies of surface and subsurface hydrogen/metal systems. J. Chem. Phys., 1992. 97(7): p. 5177.

Lynch, J. F.

Lynch, J.F. and T.B. Flanagan, An investigation of the dynamic equilibrium between chemisorbed and absorbed hydrogen in the palladium/hydrogen system. J. Phys. Chem., 1973. 77: p. 2628.

Lynch, J.F., J.D. Clewley, and T.B. Flanagan, The Formation of Voids in Palladium Metal by the Introduction and Removal of Interstital Hydrogen. Philos. Mag. A, 1973. 28: p. 1415.

Ma, Q.

Ma, Q., et al. The Analysis of the Neutron Emission from the Glow Discharge in Deuterium Gas Tube. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Ma, Q., et al. The Analysis of the Neutron Emission from the Glow Discharge in Deuterium Gas Tube. in ICCF4, Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Ma, Y. L.

Ma, Y.L., H.X. Yang, and X.X. Dai, A theoretical study of the possibility of cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nucl. Fusion Plasma Phys., 1992. 12: p. 171 (in Chinese).

Ma, Y.L., H.X. Yang, and X.X. Dai, Nuclear-fusion enhancement in condensed matter with impacting and screening. Europhys. Lett., 1993. 24: p. 305.

Macy, M.

Macy, M., ICCCF15 in Rome, Italy. Infinite Energy, 2009(88): p. 11.

The Fifteenth International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF15) took place in Italy on October 5-9, 2009 at Angelicum University. Angelicum resides in the heart of Rome just behind Trajan’s Markets, at the opposite end to the Colosseum and between the Roman Forums -- the central area around which the ancient Roman civilization developed -- and the Quirinale Palace, the official residence of the President of the Italian Republic.

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Macy, M., Defkalion Press Conference in Athens Introduces Rossi Energy Catalyzer. Infinite Energy, 2011.

Defkalion Green Technologies held a press conference and went online with a new website (http://www.defkalion-energy.com) to formally introduce themselves as the Greek, Balkan and worldwide representatives of Andrea Rossi’s Energy Catalyzer (E-Cat), which they plan to market as Hyperion. Ampenergo is the North and South American representative.

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Macy, M., Specifics of Andrea Rossi's "Energy Catalyzer" Test, University of Bologna, January 14, 2011. 2011, LENR-CANR.org.

On January 14, 2011, Andrea Rossi submitted his "Energy Catalyzer" reactor, which burns hydrogen in a nickel catalyst, for examination by scientists at the University of  Bologna and The INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics). The test was organized by Dr. Giuseppe Levi of INFN and the University of Bologna and was assisted by other members of the physics and chemistry faculties. This result was achieved without the production of any measurable nuclear radiation. The magnitude of this result suggests that there is a viable energy technology that uses commonly available materials, that does not produce carbon dioxide, and that does not produce radioactive waste and will be economical to build.

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Maddox, J.

Maddox, J., End of Cold Fusion in Sight. Nature (London), 1989. 340: p. 15.

Maddox, J., Farewell (not fond) to cold fusion. Nature (London), 1990. 344(6265): p. 365.

This paper is available from:
 
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v344/n6265/pdf/344365a0.pdf
 
A copy is also available here:
 
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/inthenews/1990/Nature-Farewell.shtml
 
These links along with some selected quotes from the paper are included in the version here.

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Maeland, A. J.

Maeland, A.J. and T.R.P. Gibb, X-Ray Diffraction Observations of The Pd-H system Through the Critical Region. J. Phys. Chem., 1961. 65: p. 1270.

Magnouche, A.

Magnouche, A. and R. Fromageau, Hydrogen Dissolution in Palladium: A Resistometric Study Under Pressure. J. Appl. Phys., 1984. 56: p. 1617.

Maizza, G.

Maizza, G., et al., Study on deuterium absorption of Pd at high-pressure D2 gas and low temperatures. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1992. 14D: p. 27.

Malakoff, D.

Malakoff, D., DOE to Review Nuclear Grant. Science, 1999. 285: p. 505.

Malhotra, S. K.

Malhotra, S.K., M.S. Krishnan, and H.K. Sadhukhan, Material Balance of Tritium in Electrolysis of Heavy Water. 1989.

Mallove, E.

Mallove, E., MIT Urgent Media Advisory,. 1989.

Mallove, E., Fire From Ice. 1991, NY: John Wiley.

Here is the Preface and Prologue to the book Fire From Ice: Searching for the Truth Behind the Cold Fusion Furor by Eugene F. Mallove, a reprint of 1991 Edition, 338 pp., Paperback. It is available from Infinite Energy Press, P.O. box 2816, Concord, NH 03302-2816, www.infinite-energy.com

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Mallove, E., Cold Fusion: Still a Hot Topic? Phys. Today, 1994. March: p. 93.

Letter to Physics Today, with a response by Williams. Letter begins:
 
David Williams's review of John R. Huizenga's unrepentantly negative book Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century (January 1993, page 73) contains disturbing and false assertions. Williams says, "now investigations on so-called cold fusion are confined to only a few laboratories,” a claim that is entirely without foundation . . .

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Mallove, E., Alchemy Nightmare: Skeptic Finds Heavy Element Transmutation Cold Fusion Experiment! Infinite Energy, 1995. 1(2): p. 30.

At ICCF5 in April, EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) cold fusion program direc­tor Dr. Tom Passell gave an overview of the cold fusion field. The biggest news from his talk, however, was the first public revelation of the results of the EPRI-funded work of physi­cist Dr. Kevin Wolf at Texas A&M University. This research occurred back in 1992, but oth­ers—including Dr. Wolf—have since tried to keep these results from surfacing. Why?

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Mallove, E., Excess heat in cavitation devices: World-wide testing reports. Infinite Energy, 1995. 1(3): p. 16.

Mallove, E., Carl Sagan and Cold Fusion. Infinite Energy, 1997. 13,14(3).

Astronomer and science popularizer Dr. Carl Sagan, who lost his battle against a virulent disease this year, could have been a major force for truth about cold fusion research. Unfortunately, despite my sending him scientific articles on cold fusion since 1991, plus Infinite Energy Magazine since its inception, Carl chose to remain undecided.

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Mallove, E., Reproducible Catalytic Fusion Process Announced by Dr. Les Case. Infinite Energy, 1998. 4(19).

Dr. Leslie C. Case, an experienced chemical engineer with four degrees from MIT, surprised all of us at ICCF-7 by revealing his process of gasphase “catalytic fusion,” which he has developed over the past six years or so. He was inspired by the 1992 work at NTT labs by E. Yamaguchi --helium production and excess heat evolution from Pd in gas-phase cold fusion. (Ironically, Yamaguchi at ICCF-7 was less sanguine about the implications of his own work that can reproducibly generates excess heat from deuterium gas loading of thin-film palladium foil “sandwiches.” Yamaguchi is no longer of the opinion that his excess energy is a nuclear effect, but this conclusion may not be correct.)

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Mallove, E., CSICOP: "Science Cops" at War with Cold Fusion. Infinite Energy, 1999. 4(23): p. 54.

The collective wisdom of the so-called Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) is that cold fusion --and any other claim about an anomalous energy source not taught in the sacred halls of academe'is scientific heresy worthy of mockery and rebuke. That is the message, by commission and omission, that is conveyed in CSICOP’s ritualistic debunking of cold fusion and related low-energy transmutation discoveries.

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Mallove, E., MIT Special Report. Infinite Energy, 1999. 4(24): p. 64.

MIT has played an extraordinary role in the history of cold fusion. By acts of commission and omission it continues to do so. On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the startling announcement by Drs. Fleischmann and Pons on March 23, 1989, it is imperative that Infinite Energy explore the major role of MIT in shaping the history of the investigation of cold fusion.

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Mallove, E., Progress in catalytic fusion. Infinite Energy, 1999. 4(23): p. 9.

To the delight of many at the Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF-7) in Vancouver, BC last April, a new approach to cold fusion emerged. Dr. Les Case, an experienced chemical engineer with four degrees from MIT, announced what he is calling “catalytic fusion” -- to distinguish it somewhat from the original electrochemical approach. He had concluded that the electrochemical method of Fleischmann and Pons was going to continue to be limited by materials issues -- palladium cracking, composition, etc. -- and the inherent difficulties of working with electrochemical systems. Furthermore, he wanted to achieve the higher temperatures that are allowed by gas-phase systems.

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Mallove, E. and J. Rothwell, The pseudoscientists of APS. Infinite Energy, 1999. 5(25): p. 23.

Not all attendees at the American Physical Society’s Centennial Meeting, held March 20-26 in Atlanta, Georgia, were scientists in the true sense of that word. Many of them were pseudoscientists, as their behavior proved. Some 1,000 physicists, including, we are informed, President Clinton’s Science advisor, were present as three pseudoscientists took turns mocking cold fusion at a session dubbed, “Science, Junk Science, and Pseudoscience,” Monday afternoon, March 22.

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Mallove, E., Book Review: Biological Transmutations (Kervran). Infinite Energy, 2000. 6(34): p. 56.

Reading this translation and compilation of a number of Prof. Louis Kervran’s pre-1970 works is very disturbing, producing the disorientation that accompanies a possible deep paradigm shift in science. Kervran (1901-1983), a medical scientist and engineer with a high official position in the French research and occupational health community, had a life-long interest in the possibility of biological transmutations. His curiosity apparently began in his youth when he watched the hens pecking at specks of mica in the farmyard. His later professional observations concerned (in one small part) the anomalous reappearance of robust calcium-bearing eggshells in calcium-deprived chickens that had been administered dietary mica (a potassium-rich mineral). Over a century earlier (in 1799), French chemist Louis Nicolas Vauquelin had noted this. The Kervran bio-transmutation story and its background is summarized eloquently in "Alchemists in the Garden," a chapter of the best-selling book The Secret Life of Plants by Peter Tompkins and the late Christopher Bird.

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Mallove, E., The strange birth of the water fuel age: The cold fusion "miracle" was no mistake. Infinite Energy, 2000.

Mallove, E., The triumph of alchemy: Professor John Bockris and the transmutation crisis at Texas A&M. Infinite Energy, 2000. 6(32): p. 9.

Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Texas A&M University, John O’M. Bockris, is one of the top two or three electrochemists of the twentieth century. He must be counted as a lineal intellectual descendant of one of the greatest scientists of all time, Michael Faraday, who was of humble birth but became a towering figure of nineteenth century science. Like Bockris, Faraday was raised in England and came to love many facets of science. In addition to his fundamental discoveries in electromagnetism, Faraday had much to do with the birth of electrochemistry. . . .

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Mallove, E., Ethics in the Cold Fusion Controversy. Infinite Energy, 2001. 6(35): p. 4.

Long time Infinite Energy readers are aware that we have repeatedly and vigorously discussed ethical issues that attend the multifaceted cold fusion controversy, a battle within the scientific community that has been roiling and boiling since March 1989. Thus, we were happy to receive a copy of the academic journal Accountability in Research (Vol. 8, Nos. 1-2, 2000), in which eight essays assess, in the words of Editor-in-Chief Dr. Adil E. Shamoo, "The Ethical Import of the Cold Fusion Controversy." This material makes up 90% of this journal issue and is a worthwhile 162-page collection of comment and history. Unfortunately, the journal is not widely available except in specialized libraries.
 
NOTE: All of the Accountability in Research papers were later added to the LENR-CANR.org library.

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Mallove, E. LENR and "Cold Fusion" Excess Heat: Their Relation to Other Anomalous Microphysical Energy Experiments and Emerging New Energy Technologies. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

This paper is at:
 http://www.infinite-energy.com/resources/iccf10.html
 It begins:
 During the past 15 years, indisputable experimental evidence has built up for substantial excess heat (far beyond ordinary chemical energy) and low-energy nuclear reaction phenomena in specialized heavy hydrogen and ordinary hydrogen-containing systems.¹ The primary theorists in the field that is properly designated Cold Fusion/LENR have generally assumed that the excess heat phenomena is commensurate with nuclear ash (such as helium), whether already identified or presumed to be present but not yet found. That was an excellent initial hypothesis. However, the commensurate nuclear ash hypothesis has not been proved, and appears to be approximately correct in only a few experiments. During this same period, compelling evidence— although not as broadly verified as data from cold fusion/LENR— has also emerged for other microphysical sources of energy that were previously unexpected by accepted physics. . . .

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Mallove, E., Intimations of Disaster: Glenn Seaborg, the Scientific Process, and the Origin of the "Cold Fusion War". Infinite Energy, 2004. 10(55): p. 40.

Almost seven years ago in an issue of Infinite Energy (#15/16, July-November 1997), we discussed some of the material that follows. But in 2004, with the U.S. Department of Energy’s impending review of the past fifteen years of evidence for low-energy nuclear reactions (a.k.a. "cold fusion"), it is an appropriate time to review -- in a fresh light -- a most critical turning point in the saga of cold fusion. In an episode which occurred in the spring of 1989, we find the seeds of the disastrous DOE response to cold fusion. Upon further investigation, I later found that the false premises that gave rise to the "Cold Fusion War" were evident as far back as 1964.

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Mallove, E., New Energy and Early Aeronautics: The Perils and Rewards of Visionaries. Infinite Energy, 2004. 9(54): p. 51.

Last December the world celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Wright brothers’ triumph: the first controlled flight of a heavier-than-air craft on December 17, 1903. In honor of that now well-recognized historic event, we are reprinting a reflection by Wilbur Wright himself, which appeared in the Aero Club of America Bulletin in April 1912. The great aviation pioneer was celebrating the work of the now (2004) and then (1912) little-known Louis Pierre Mouillard, whose 1881 book, Empire of the Air, apparently played a seminal role in the history that led to the Wrights’ accomplishment. It is a fascinating story that offers lessons for the struggling New Energy community. Sad to say, the very next month, on May 30, 1912, Wilbur Wright died of typhoid fever. His brother, Orville, who had piloted the first flight, lived on to 1948.

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Mallove, E., Historic Perspective on ICCF1: Dr. Mallove's Commentary on the Conference. Infinite Energy, 2008. 14(80): p. 18.

Infinite Energy founding editor, the late Dr. Eugene Mallove, attended the First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF1), unofficially representing the MIT News Office and also in part conducting research for his "on again/off again" book contract from John Wiley & Sons (the publisher cancelled, then reinstated the contract for Fire from Ice: Searching for the Truth Behind the Cold Fusion Furor, which was ultimately released in May 1991).
 
The conference ended on March 30; on April 1, Gene recorded notes to himself about the event. We present here excerpted portions of the transcript, which are testament to Gene’s commitment to and excitement for the cold fusion field from the very start.

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Maly, J. A.

Maly, J.A. and J. Vavra, Electron transitions on deep Dirac levels I. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 307.

Maly, J.A. and J. Vavra, Response to 'Comments on 'Electron transitions on deep Dirac levels I''. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 112.

Maly, J.A. and J. Vavra, Electron Transitions on Deep Dirac Levels II. Fusion Technol., 1995. 27: p. 59.

Maly, J.A. and J. Vavra, Reply to 'Letter to the Editor' Fusion Technol. 27, 348 [1995]". Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 386.

Mamyrin, B. A.

Mamyrin, B.A., L.V. Khabarin, and V.S. Yudenich, Anomalously High Isotope Ratio in Helium in Technical-Grade Metals and Semiconductors. Sov. Phys. Dokl., 1978. 23: p. 581.

Manduchi, C.

Manduchi, C., et al., Anomalous effects during the interaction of subatmospheric D2(H2) with Pd from 900C to room temperature. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107 A: p. 171.

Manduchi, C., et al., Electric-field effects on the neutron emission from Pd deuteride samples. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1995. 108: p. 1187.

Manuel, A. J.

Manuel, A.J. and J.M.P. St Quinton, The magnetic susceptibility of palladium and palladium-rhodium alloys from 1.85 to 293Ã…K. Proc. Royal Soc London, A, 1963. 273: p. 412.

Manuel, A.J. and J.M.P. St Quinton, The magnetic susceptibility of palladium and palladium-rhodium alloys from 1.85 to 293�K. Proc. Royal Soc London, A, 1963. 273: p. 412.

Maoka, T.

Maoka, T. and M. Enyo, Hydrogen Absorption by Palladium Electrode Polarized in Sulfuric Acid Solution Containing Surface Active Substances- I. The Cathodic Region. Electrochim. Acta, 1981. 26(5): p. 607.

Marcus, H. L.

Marcus, H.L., AES Examination of CF Samples. 1990: letter.

Marcus, M.

Marcus, M., Cold fusion research is alive and well - but not in the mass media. St. Louis Journalism Rev., 1993. 22(153): p. 16.

Marinelli, M.

Marinelli, M., et al., Heat release from deuterated titanium-iron (TiFe) or lanthanum-nickel (LaNi5) on exposure to the air. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 102: p. 959.

Marini, P.

Marini, P., et al., Protocollo innovativo per l' ipercaricamento di catodi di Palladio con Idrogeno messo a punto all'INFN di Frascati, in 21mo Secolo. 1999.

Review in Italian.
 L'articolo espone, in linguaggio non strettamente specialistico, i risultati più recenti di una parte dell’attività sperimentale effettuata presso i Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell'Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare.

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Marion, J. B.

Marion, J.B., et al., A Versatile, High Efficiency 4 pi Neutron Detector. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1960. 8: p. 297.

Marmigi, A.

Marmigi, A., et al. Anomalous heat Generation by surface oxidized Pd wires in a hydrogen atmosphere. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Martin, S. E.

Martin, S.E., Using expert sources in breaking science stories: A comparison of magazine types. Journalism Quarterly, 1991. 68: p. 179.

Martynov, M. I.

Martynov, M.I., A.I. Mel'dianov, and A.M. Chepovskii, Experiments on the detection of nuclear reaction products in deuterated metals. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Termoyader Sintez, 1991(2): p. 77 (in Russian).

Marwan, J

Marwan, J. and S. Krivit, eds. Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, Oxford University Press.

Marwan, J. and S. Krivit, eds. Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, Oxford University Press.

Marwan, J.

Marwan, J. and S. Krivit, Acknowledgments, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. xi-xiii.

Marwan, J., Study of the Nanostructured Palladium Hydride System, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 353-375.

Marwan, J., Preface, Acknowledgments, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. ix-xi.

Mas, F.

Mas, F., et al., Comment on: Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 93: p. 6118.

Massaron, M.

Massaron, M. and F. Lamperti, La fusione fredda (Cold fusion). Tecnol. Chim., 1990. 10(4): p. 98 (in Italian).

Mastromatteo, U.

Mastromatteo, U. Very Thin Nickel Layers Heated Over Curie Temperature Show High Temperature Spots in Hydrogen Loading Experiments. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Mastromatteo, U. An Energy Amplifier Device. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Mathews, C. K.

Mathews, C.K., et al., On the possibility of nuclear fusion by the electrolysis of heavy water. Indian J. Technol., 1989. 27: p. 229.

Mathur, M. S.

Mathur, M.S., et al. Recent Modifications to the Manitoba Deuterium Implantation Accelerator and a Study of the Properties of the Online Neutron Monitor Detector. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.