Kestenbaum, D.

Kestenbaum, D., Cold Fusion-Science or Religion?, in R&D Maganzine. 1997. p. 51.

Khramtsov, P. P.

Khramtsov, P.P. and O.G. Martynenko, Peculiar processes of cathodic scattering by electrical discharge through the saturated heavy water - vapour interface. Inzh.-Fiz. Zh., 1996. 69(5): p. 721 [in Russian].

Kidwell, D.

Kidwell, D. Trace Analysis of Elements in a Palladium Matrix. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a technique for trace elemental analysis and isotopic distribution determination at trace levels, but ICP-MS cannot handle directly high concentrations of ions. Dimethylglyoxime will selectively precipitate palladium from acid solutions leaving most of the impurities in solution and allowing their quantitation by ICP-MS without dilution. By avoiding dilution, the sensitivity and precision of the analysis can be increased to sub-PPM levels. A convenient method for controlled etching of palladium is also described.

DOWNLOAD

Kidwell, D., et al. Does Gas Loading Produce Anomalous Heat? (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

The original PowerPoint slides in this document are here:
 
http://lenr-canr.org/powerpoint/KidwellDdoesgasloa.ppt
 
The PowerPoint slides include overlays and other features not available in Acrobat format.
 
Abstract
 
Simple pressurization of nanosized palladium with deuterium appears to be a simpler and more rapid method to generate anomalous heat compared to electrolytic systems. A survey of the literature indicates that palladium particles less than 2 nm in size can obtain a Pd/D loading near one at modest deuterium pressure. In hundreds of reactions, we have routinely prepared palladium nanoparticles inside an aluminosilicate matrix and have found that these systems produce up to 8 fold more heat with deuterium compared to hydrogen. Furthermore, a characteristic signature of a pressurization reaction is its reversibility -- the heat released upon pressurization should be absorbed upon evacuation. This reversibility is observed with hydrogen but not deuterium. Although we are still seeking conventional explanations for this excess heat, the anomalous heat does not appear to be explained by impurities in the deuterium gas nor other simple chemical or physical sources. The selection and preparation of the particles, the experimental set-up, and results will be discussed.

DOWNLOAD

Kikuchi, E.

Kikuchi, E., et al., Effect of charging current density on release characteristics of tritium from palladium. Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku, 1991. 59: p. 880 (in Japanese).

Kim, M. S.

Kim, M.S. and M.Y. Park, Comment on room temperature nuclear fusion. Anal. Sci. & Technol., 1990. 3: p. 265 (in Korean).

Kim, S-O.

Kim, S.-O., A.G. Lipson, and G.H. Miley. Characterization of Pd-Ni thin film by annealing method. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
             Thin film electrode production and characterization for heat cell studies are described. The objective is two-fold: maximizing excess heat production and insuring a long lifetime and electrolysis. To do this in a reproducible faction, a pre-and post-run analysis of the films was carried out using various probe techniques. In this study, various Pd-Ni thin films were manufactured using with a magnetron sputtering method. A variety of methods for pre-conditioning of substrates were experimented with. The samples were also treated by different annealing methods using inert gas and vacuum annealing processes. The investigations of samples were performed in an UHV system equipped with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is shown that the vacuum annealed samples provided the best films. This suggests that vacuum annealing can pull bubbles from pores in the thin film, giving a higher density thin film that performs better. These results and their implications for electrode development will be discussed.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y. E.

Kim, Y.E., Comment on "Cluster-Impact Fusion". 1989.

Kim, Y.E., Fission-Induced Inertial Confinement Hot Fusion and Cold Fusion with Electrolysis. 1989.

Kim, Y.E., Neutron-Induced Photonuclear Chain-Reaction Process in Pd Deuteride. 1989.

Kim, Y.E., Nuclear Theory Hypotheses for Cold Fusion. 1989.

Kim, Y.E., R.A. Rice, and G.S. Chulick, The Electron Screening Effect on Fusion Cross-sections and Rates in Physical Processes. 1989.

Kim, Y.E., R.A. Rice, and G.S. Chulick, Cluster-Transport Impact Fusion. 1990.

Kim, Y.E., Cross section for cold deuterium-deuterium fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 507.

Kim, Y.E., Neutron burst from a high-voltage discharge between palladium electrodes in D2 gas. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 680.

Kim, Y.E., New cold nuclear fusion theory and experimental tests. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 423.

Kim, Y.E. Nuclear Physics Interpretation of Cold Fusion and Optimal Designs for Gas/Solid -State Device. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

Kim, Y.E., Nuclear Physics Interpretation of Cold Fusion and Optimal Designs for Gas/Solid-State Fusion Device. 1990.

Kim, Y.E. Surface Reaction Mechanism and Lepton Screening for Cold Fusion with Electrolysis. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Kim, Y.E. Surface-Reaction Theory of Cold and Warm Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Kim, Y.E., et al., Cluster-Impact Nuclear Fusion: Shock-Wave Statistical Analysis. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1991. 5: p. 941.

Kim, Y.E., Fission-induced inertial confinement hot fusion and cold fusion with electrolysis. 1991: Plenum Press.

Kim, Y.E., et al., Shock-wave Impact Fusion With Cluster Beams. Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991. 184: p. 465.

Kim, Y.E., Surface reaction mechanism for deuterium-deuterium fusion with a gas/solid-state fusion device. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 558.

Abstract
 
Recent highly reproducible results of tritium production by deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion from gas/solid-state fusion experiments are discussed in terms of a surface fusion mechanism. Theoretical criteria and experimental conditions for improving and optimizing D-D fusion rates in a gas/solid-state fusion device are described. It is shown that the surface fusion mechanism also provides a plausible explanation for the nonreproducibility of the results of electrolysis fusion experiments.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E., et al., The effect of coulomb screening and velocity distribution on fusion cross-sections and rates in physical processes. Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 6(10): p. 929.

Kim, Y.E., R.A. Rice, and G.S. Chulik, The role of the low-energy proton-deuteron fusion cross section in physical processes. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 174.

Kim, Y.E., et al., Theory of Cluster-Impact Fusion with Atomic and Molecular Cluster Beams. Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 5(6): p. 427.

Kim, Y.E., Time-delayed apparent excess heat generation in electrolysis fusion experiments. Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 6: p. 1053.

Kim, Y.E., et al. Condensed Matter Effects for Cold and Hot Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Kim, Y.E. and A.L. Zubarev, Coulomb Barrier Transmission Resonance for Astrophysical Problems. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1993. 7: p. 1627.

Kim, Y.E. and A.L. Zubarev, Improved Coulomb Barrier Transmission Coefficient for Nuclear Fusion Cross Sections. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 475.

Kim, Y.E., Possible Evidence of Cold D(D,p)T Fusion from Dee's 1934 Experiment. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 519.

Kim, Y.E. Possible Evidence of Cold D(D,p)T Fusion from Dee's 1934 Experiment. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1994. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

ABSTRACT
      D(D,p)T fusion probabilities for the back-to-back proton-tritium tracks observed in Dee’s 1934 experiment are calculated using the conventional theory and found to be many orders of magnitude smaller than those inferred from Dee’s data.  Our results indicate that Dee’s data may be evidence for cold fusion, possibly due to low-energy reaction barrier transparency as recently proposed.  Therefore it is important to repeat Dee’s experiment with modern facilities.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E., et al., Reaction Barrier Transparency for Cold Fusion with Deuterium and Hydrogen. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 408.

Kim, Y.E., et al. Reaction Barrier Transparency for Cold Fusion with Deuterium and Hydrogen. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1994. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

An improved parametric representation of Coulomb barrier penetration is presented. These detailed calculations are improvements upon the conventionally used Gamow tunneling coefficient. This analysis yields a reaction barrier transparency (RBT) which may have singular ramifications for cold fusion, as well as significant consequences in a wide variety of fusion settings.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E. and A.L. Zubarev, Optical Theorem And Effective Finite-Range Nuclear Interaction for Low-Energy Nuclear-Fusion Reactions. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1995. 108: p. 1009.

Kim, Y.E. and A.L. Zubarev. Uncertainities of Conventional Theories and New Improved Formulations of Low-Energy Nuclear Fusion Reactions. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Kim, Y.E. and A. Zubarev. Comment on exact upper bound on barrier penetration probabilities in many-body systems. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract
 
We investigate conditions under which it is not possible to establish an exact upper bound for the barrier penetration probability of nuclei tunneling to classically forbidden small relative separation, by a value calculable in terms of the Born-Oppenheimer potential between nuclei.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E. and A.L. Zubarev, Gamow factor cancellation and nuclear physics mechanisms for anomalous low-energy nuclear reactions. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 145.

Kim, Y.E. and A.L. Zubarev. Optical Theorem Formulation and Nuclear Physics Mechanisms for Gamow Factor Cancellation in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Kim, Y.E. and A. Zubarev. Role of Continuum Electrons and Condensed Matter Mechanisms in Ultra Low Energy Nuclear Reactions. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Kim, Y.E. and A.L. Zubarev, Nuclear fusion for Bose nuclei confined in ion traps. Fusion Technol., 2000. 37: p. 151.

Kim, Y.E. and A.L. Zubarev. Ultra Low-Energy Nuclear Fusion of Bose Nuclei in Nano-Scale Ion Traps. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Kim, Y.E., et al. Experimental Test of Bose-Einstein Condensation Mechanism for Low Energy Nuclear Reaction in Nanoscale Atomic Clusters. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

We report preliminary results of experimental test of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) mechanism for ultra low energy nuclear fusion in nano-scale atomic clusters at pressures up to a 20,000 psi and at both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperatures.
Bose-Einstein condensation of integer-spin nuclei was suggested as a possible mechanism for ultra low-energy nuclear reaction in 1998.  Recently, theoretical studies of the BEC mechanism have been carried out by solving approximately many-body Schroedinger equation for a system of N identical charged integer-spin nuclei (“Bose” nuclei) confined in ion traps.  The solution is used to obtain theoretical formulae for estimating the probabilities and rates of nuclear fusion for N identical Bose nuclei confined in an ion trap or an atomic cluster.  These formulae show that the fusion rate does not depend on the Coulomb barrier penetration probability but instead depends on the probability of the ground-state occupation, which is expected to increase as the temperature decreases.
To test these theoretical predictions, a series of experiments have been devised and performed.  The preliminary results of these experiments and also plans of future experiments are described.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E. Quantum Many-Body Theory and Mechanisms for Low Energy Nuclear Reaction Processes in Matter. in Fusion 03: From a Tunneling Nuclear Microscope to Nuclear Processes in Matter. 2003. Matsushita, Japan.

Recently, a theoretical model of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) mechanism has been developed to describe low-energy nuclear reaction in a quantum many-body system confined in a micro/nano scale trap. The BEC mechanism is applied to explain various anomalous results  observed recently in experiments involved with low–energy nuclear reaction processes in matter and in acoustic cavitation. Experimental tests of the BEC mechanism are also discussed. In addition to the BEC mechanism, plasma impact fusion (PIF) and particle cavitation fusion (PCF) mechanisms are also described.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E., D. Koltick, and A. Zubarev. Quantum Many-Body Theory of Low Energy Nuclear Reaction Induced by Acoustic Cavitation in Deuterated Liquid. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

There have been a number of reports of observation of nuclear fusion events in acoustic cavitation experiments with deuterated liquid.  Some of the reported results have been interpreted as a result of achieving thermonuclear fusion temperatures (~a few keV) during acoustic bubble cavitation (ABC).  We propose an alternative theoretical model for the ABC fusion based on Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) mechanism.
Our theoretical model yields two main predictions.  The first prediction is that the Coulomb interaction between two charged bosons is suppressed for the case in which number N of charged bosons is large, and hence the conventional Gamow factor is absent. The second prediction is that the fusion rate depends on the probability of the BEC ground state occupation instead of the conventional Gamow factor.  This implies that the fusion rate will increase as the temperature of the system is lowered since the probability of the BEC state is larger at lower temperatures.  These predictions imply that the ABC fusion may be achievable at lower temperatures.
A number of key improvement to acoustic cavitation experiments are proposed to check these predictions as well as the results of other experiments.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E. and T.O. Passell. Alternative Interpretation of Low-Energy Nuclear Reaction Processes with Deuterated Metals Based on The Bose-Einstein Condensation Mechanism. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Abstract
      Recently, a generalization of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) mechanism has been made to a ground-state mixture of two different species of positively charged bosons in harmonic traps.  The theory has been used to describe (D + Li) reactions in the low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) processes in condensed matter and predicts that the (D + Li) reaction rates can be larger than (D + D) reaction rates by as much as a factor of ~50, implying that (D + Li) reactions may be occuring in addition to the (D + D) reactions.  A survey of the existing data from LENR experiments is carried out to check the validity of the theoretical prediction.  We conclude that there is compelling experimental evidence which support the theoretical prediction.  New experimental tests of the theoretical prediction are suggested.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E. and A. Zubarev. Mixtures of Charged Bosons Confined in Harmonic Traps and Bose-Einstein Condensation Mechanism for Low Energy Nuclear Reactions and Transmutation Processes in Condensed Matter. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Abstract
 A mixture of two different species of positively charged bosons in harmonic traps is considered in the mean-field approximation.  It is shown that depending on the ratio of parameters, the two components may coexist in same regions of space, in spite of the Coulomb repulsion between the two species.  Application of this result is discussed for the generalization of the Bose-Einstein condensation mechanism for low-energy nuclear reaction (LENR) and transmutation processes in condensed matters.  For the case of deutron-lithium (d+Li) LENR, the result indicates that  reactions may dominate over (d+d) reactions in LENR experiments.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E., et al. Proposal for New Experimental Tests of the Bose-Einstein Condensation Mechanism for Low Energy Nuclear Reaction and Transmutation Processes in Deuterium Loaded Micro- and Nano-Scale Cavities. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Abstract
            Most of experimental results of low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) reported so far cannot be reproduced on demand.  There have been persistent experimental results indicating that the LENR and transmutation processes in condensed matters (LENRTPCM) are surface phenomena rather than bulk phenomena.  Recently proposed Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) mechanism may provide a suitable theoretical description of the surface phenomena.
            New experiments are proposed and described for testing the BEC mechanism for LENR and transmutation processses in micro-scale and nano-scale traps. (1) We propose the use of micro- or nano-porous conducting materials as a cathode in electrolysis experiments with heavy water with or without Li in order to stabilize the active surface spots and to enhance the effect for the purpose of improving the reproducibility of excess heat generation and nuclear emission.  (2) We propose new experiemental tests of the BEC mechanism by measuring the presssure and temperaure dependence of LENR events using deuterium gas and these deuterated metals with  or without Li.
      If the LENRTPCM are surface phenomena, the proposed use of micro/nano scale porous materials is expected to enhance and scale up the LENRTPCM effects by many order of magnitude, and thus may lead to better reproductivity and theoretical understanding of the phenomena.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E. and A. Zubarev. Unifying Theory Of Low-Energy Nuclear Reaction And Transmutation Processes In Deuterated/Hydrogenated Metals, Acoustic Cavitations, And Deuteron Beam Experiments. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

The most basic theoretical challenge for understanding low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) and transmutation reaction (LETR) in condensed matters is to find mechanisms by which the large Coulomb barrier between fusing nuclei can be overcome.  A unifying theory of LENR and LETR has been developed to provide possible mechanisms for the LENR and LETR processes in matters based on high-density nano-scale and micro-scale quantum plasmas.  It is shown that recently developed theoretical models based on Bose-Einstein Fusion (BEF) mechanism and Quantum Plasma Nuclear Fusion (QPNF) mechanism are applicable to the results of many different types of LENR and LETR experiments

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E. Theory of Low-Energy Deuterium Fusion in Micro/Nano-Scale Metal Grains and Particles. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

A consistent conventional theoretical description is presented for anomalous low-energy deuterium nuclear fusion in micro/nano-scale metal grains and particles. The theory is based on the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state occupied by deuterons trapped in a micro/nano-scale metal grain or particle. The theory is capable of explaining most of the experimentally observed results and also provides theoretical predictions. Experimental tests of theoretical predictions are proposed. Scalabilities of the observed effects are discussed based on theoretical predictions.

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E. Bose-Einstein Condensation Nuclear Fusion:Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Tests (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Experimental Observations (as of 2008) (not complete)
From both electrolysis and gas loading experiments
[1] The Coulomb barrier between two deuterons are suppressed
[2] Excess heat production (the amount of exess heat indicates its nuclear origin)
[3] 4He production comensurate with excess heat production, no 23.8 MeV gamma ray
[4] Production of hot spots and micro-scale crators on metal surface
[5] Detection of radiations
[6]Production of nuclear ashes with anomalous rates . . .
 
. . . Based on a single physical concept, can we come up with a consistent physical theory which could explain all of the ten experimental observations?

DOWNLOAD

Kim, Y.E., Generalized Theory of Bose-Einstein Condensation Nuclear Fusion for Hydrogen-Metal System. 2011, Purdue Nuclear and Many Body Theory Group.

Generalized theory of Bose-Einstein condensation nuclear fusion (BECNF) is used to carry out theoretical analyses of recent experimental results of Rossi et al. for hydrogen-nickel system. Based on incomplete experimental information currently available, preliminary theoretical explanations of the experimental results are presented in terms of the generalized BECNF theory. Additional accurate experimental data are needed for obtaining more complete theoretical descriptions and predictions, which can be tested by further experiments.

DOWNLOAD

Kimura, A.

Kimura, A. and H.K. Birnbaum, Effect of adsorbed surface poisons on the loss of hydrogen from nickel. Acta metall. Mater., 1991. 39: p. 295.

Kimura, T.

Kimura, T., Quantitative evaluation of multiple production of neutrons induced by cosmic rays in materials. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27: p. 1147.

Kimura, T., Current problems and future of room temperature nuclear fusion. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1991. 37(4): p. 49 (in Japanese).

King, M. B.

King, M.B., Charge Clusters: The Basis of Zero-Point Energy Inventions. J. New Energy, 1997. 2(2): p. 18.

Kirchheim, R.

Kirchheim, R., Interaction of Hydrogen with Dislocations in Palladium- I. Activity and Diffusivity and Their Phenomenological Interpretation. Acta. Metall., 1981. 29: p. 835.

Kirchheim, R., Interaction of Hydrogen with Dislocations in Palladium-II Interpretation of Activity Results by Fermi-Dirac Distribution. Acta Metall., 1981. 29: p. 845.

Kirchheim, R., T. Matschele, and W. Kieninger, Hydrogen in amorphous and nanocrystalline metals. Materials. Sci. and Eng., 1988. 99: p. 457.

Kirkinskii, V. A.

Kirkinskii, V.A. and Y.A. Novikov, A new approach to theoretical modelling of nuclear fusion in palladium deuteride. Europhys. Lett., 1999. 46: p. 448.

Kirkinskii, V.A., V.A. Drebushchak, and A.I. Khmelnikov, Excess heat release during deuterium sorption-desorption by finely powdered palladium deuteride. Europhys. Lett., 2002. 58: p. 462.

Kirkinskii, V.A., V.A. Drebushchak, and A.I. Khmelnikov. Experimental evidence of excess heat output during deuterium sorption-desorption in palladium deuteride. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 Thermal effects have been studied in the course of sorption-desorption of hydrogen isotopes by a finely powdered palladium deuteride using a conventional differential scanning calorimeter SETARAM DSC-111. During a-b transition an excess heat release is observed in palladium deuteride of about one watt per gram of deuteride. In similar experiments with palladium hydride no anomalous effects have been observed. On the basis of earlier computer modelling, relevant publications and our experimental results the excess heat release during deuterium sorption-desorption by palladium deuteride is attributed to the nuclear reactions of deuterium atoms yielding helium.

DOWNLOAD

Kirkinskii, V.A. and Y.A. Novikov. Fusion reaction probability in iron hydride and the problem of nucleosynthesis in the earth's interior. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
Numerical simulation of hydrogen isotopes nuclear interaction during their diffusion in a- and g-iron was carried out on the basis of electron orbital deformation dynamic model suggested by the authors earlier [1-4]. Calculated fusion rates show a possibility of cold fusion in the Earth's interior. Geochemical indicators of nuclear fusion are ³He/⁴He ratio higher than usual or the presence of tritium in deep-seated rocks, minerals and natural gases.

DOWNLOAD

Kirkinskii, V.A. and Y.A. Novikov. Numercial calculations of cold fusion rates in metal deuterides. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 An original model of а nuclear fusion mechanism in metal crystal structures at low energies is developed. It uses a new approach for estimation of electron screening in metals, which is based on account of dynamic deformation of outer metal electronic orbitals during counter motion of two deuterons near their sites boundary [1-3]. Computer simulation of deuterium behavior in the palladium deuteride crystal lattice has shown that the calculated rate of nuclear reactions agrees in order of magnitude with the values deduced from experimental data on excess heat output and helium generation.

DOWNLOAD

Kirkinskii, V.A. and Y.A. Novikov. Calculations Of Nuclear Reactions Probability In A Crystal Lattice Of Titanium Deuteride. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

For calculations of probability of nuclear reactions of hydrogen isotopes in the crystal lattice of titanium deuteride the model offered earlier for palladium deuteride was used. In a series of experiments the probability of D-D approach for random initial conditions was calculated, when initial energies of approaching deuterons were set in the range of energies 0.01-0.51 eV. For each experimental value of D-D approach the reaction rate was calculated on the shifted Coulomb potential with the shift energy, which equals to the energy of screening. The mean distance of D-D approach on all series equals 0.97 angstroms, that exceeds the mean distance in a molecule D-D. However, more than 14% of all experimental values show an approach of deuterons for a distance less than 0.1 angstroms. The general reaction rate for the given set of the initial conditions will make 10^1.91 DD^-1 s^-1. It is 4 orders of magnitude less, than the analogous rate calculated earlier for palladium deuteride. For optimization of calculations the most favorable initial conditions were selected. As a result the rate of the reaction calculated according to the above model should be additionally multiplied by a correction factor, which allows for the probability of the occurrence of these favorable conditions. In our case it equals 10^-16 - 10^-18; the rate of the nuclear fusion reaction of deuterons in titanium deuteride should be 3-4 orders lower, than the earlier calculated rate for palladium deuteride and equals 10^-14 - 10^-16 DD^-1 s^-1.

DOWNLOAD

Kirkinskii, V.A. and Y.A. Novikov. Calculations Of Nuclear Reactions Probability In A Crystal Lattice Of Lanthanum Deuteride. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

The dynamic model of electron orbitals deformation (EODD) was previously devised for palladium deuteride. It has now been applied to calculate the probability of nuclear reactions of hydrogen isotopes in the crystal lattice of lanthanum deuteride. In a series of computer simulations, the probability of D-D approach for random initial conditions was calculated, when the initial energies of the approaching deuterons were set in the range of 0.001-9.0 eV. For each experimental value of D-D approach the reaction rate was calculated on the shifted Coulomb potential with the shift energy, which equals to the energy of screening. The mean distance of D-D approach on the whole series equals 0.19 Å. More than 54% of all experimental values show an approach of deuterons for a distance less than 0.1 Å. The average reaction rate for the given set of the initial conditions is 10^3.28 DD^-1 s^-1. This is three orders of magnitude less than the analogous rate calculated earlier for palladium deuteride. Allowing for the higher D content and the higher number of adjacent tetrahedral sites in LaD₃ as compared with PdD_0,6, an overall nuclear fusion rate in lanthanum deuteride will be only slight lower than in palladium deuteride, that is, 10^-12 - 10^-14 DD^-1 s^-1.

DOWNLOAD

Kishimoto, S.

Kishimoto, S., M. Inoue, and N. Yoshida, Solution of Hydrogen in Thin Palladium Films. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1986. 82: p. 2175.

Kitajima, M.

Kitajima, M., K. Nakamura, and M. Fujitsuka, Electrical resistivity of high pressure D2-loaded Pd and Ti at low temperatures. Solid State Commun., 1990. 75: p. 159.

Kitamura, A.

Kitamura, A., T. Saitoh, and T. Itoh. In-situ ERD Analysis of Hydrogen Isotopes during Deuterium Implantation of Pd. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Kitamura, A., T. Saitoh, and H. Itoh, In situ elastic recoil detection analysis of hydrogen isotopes during deuterium implantation into metals. Fusion Technol., 1996. 29: p. 372.

Kitamura, A., et al. D(d,p)t REACTION RATE ENHANCEMENT IN A MIXED LAYER OF Au AND Pd. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

To investigate possible anomalies in nuclear reactions in solids, deuterium ion irradiation of deuterated Au/Pd samples have been performed with extensive measurements of reaction products and in situ characterization of the samples including ERDA and RBS.  The D(d,p)t reaction rate has been observed to become three orders of magnitude greater than the calculated one.  The deuterium density distribution in the sample with a composition modified by irradiation has been observed to peak at a depth appreciably greater than the projectile range.  We speculate that the formation of the mixed layer of Au and Pd maintaining significantly high deuterium density is the key factor for the reaction rate enhancement.

DOWNLOAD

Kitamura, A., et al. In Situ Accelerator Analyses Of Palladium Complex Under Deuterium Permeation. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Preliminary results of experiments on D2 gas permeation using a system [vacuum/CaO/Sr/PdD_x/D₂] have shown some evidence of nuclear transmutation from Sr to Mo. The system is a little simpler than that used by Iwamura et al., and has a reversed gas flow direction. The diagnostic method used to identify the elements was conventional XPS, giving the areal densities of 4.2 × 10¹⁴ cm^-2 (Sr) and 3.3 × 10¹⁴ cm^-2 (Mo). Extended analytical methods are now being prepared, including in situ and simultaneous PIXE, RBS and NRA/ERD analyses for areal densities of transmutation elements and deuterium distribution.

DOWNLOAD

Kitamura, A., et al., Anomalous effects in charging of Pd powders with high density hydrogen isotopes. Phys. Lett. A, 2009. 273(35): p. 3109-3112.

A twin system for hydrogen absorption experiments has been constructed to replicate the phenomenon of heat and ⁴He generation by D₂ gas absorption in nano-sized Pd powders reported by Arata and Zhang, and to investigate the underlying physics. For Pd-Zr oxide nano-powders, anomalously large energies of hydrogen isotope absorption, 2.4 ±0.2 eV/D-atom and 1.8 ±0.4 eV/H-atom, as well as large loading ratio of D/Pd =1.1 ±0.0 and H/Pd =1.1 ±0.3, respectively, were observed in the phase of deuteride/hydride formation. The sample charged with D₂ also showed significantly positive output energy in the second phase after the deuteride formation.

DOWNLOAD

Kitamura, A., et al. CMNS Research Progressing in Kobe University -Deuterium Permeation and Absorption-. in The 9th Meeting of Japan CF-Research Society. 2009. Shizuoka, Japan.

Experimental studies on condensed matter nuclear science (CMNS) ongoing at Kobe University are reviewed. One is a study of nuclear transmutation during forced permeation of deuterium (D) through multi-layered films of CaO/X/Pd, where X is element to be transmuted. This is described in detail in the present paper.
 
The second study is to confirm heat and 4He generation by D absorption in nano-sized Pd powders reported by Arata and Zhang, and to investigate the underlying physics. We have installed a twin system to perform calorimetry during D₂ or H₂ absorption by micronized powders of Si, Pd, Pd-black, and Pd-Zr oxide compounds. The research is performed as a joint research program with Technova Inc., and is described in detail in the separate two papers presented by the joint group in the present proceedings.

DOWNLOAD

Kitamura, A., et al. MDE (Metal Deuterium Energy) Project 2009 Results Explanation File. in 237rd ACS National Meeting. 2009. Salt Lake City.

Abstracts and PowerPoint slides of papers presented at the 237rd ACS National Meeting, March 2009. Work discussed include independent replications of Arata’s palladium black experiment (with steel cells instead of a DS-Cathode) and Arata’s zirconium-oxide palladium material.

DOWNLOAD

Kitamura, A., et al. Search for Nuclear Reaction Products in Gas Phase Experiments - Deuterium Permeation and Absorption - (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Summary of PIXE analysis
* We tried to replicate the nuclear transmutation of Sr (2 - 50 x 10E15 cm^-2) to Mo under deuterium permeation through a variety of multilayered CaO/Sr/Pd samples.
* Apparently positive results were obtained in 8 runs out of 14, although the identification of Mo peaks in the PIXE analysis was not definite.
* It has been implied that sputtering loss of the atoms could be responsible for the observed tendency that areal density of Sr decreases in most cases, while there is a modest increase in that of Mo.

DOWNLOAD

Kitamura, A., et al. Hydrogen Isotope Gas Absorption/Adsorption Charactoristics of Pd Nanopowders (PowerPoint slides). in ACS National Meeting. 2011. Anaheim, CA.

Extensive measurements of heat release under hydrogen isotope absorption/adsorption of 7 kinds (PP, PB, PZ, NZ, PNZ-I,PNZ-II, PNZ2B) of Pd nano-powdersin a twin gas charging system have been made by Kobe group in 2010-2011.
Anomalies in heat and D(H)-absorption observed by Pd (and Pd-Ni) nano-powders dispersed into/onto ZrO2support are briefly overviewed.
Heat and absorption data for larger Pure Pd powder and Pd-Black are shown in concentration in the present report.

DOWNLOAD

Kitamura, H.

Kitamura, H. and S. Ichimaru, Dynamic evolution of fusion processes in ultrahigh-pressure liquid-metallic hydrogen: Effects of self-heating and radiative cooling. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1996. 65: p. 1250.

Kitcher, P.

Kitcher, P., Authority, deference, and the role of individual reason. 1992: U. Notre Dame Press.

Kitcher, P., The Social Dimensions of Science Authority, deference, and the role of individual reason, ed. E. McMullin. 1992: U. Notre Dame Press. 245.

Klein, A. C.

Klein, A.C., et al. Anomalous Heat Output from Pd Cathodes Without Detectable Nuclear Products. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Klein, B.

Klein, B. A Development Approach for Cold Fusion. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Klema, E. D.

Klema, E.D. and G.W. Iseler, Spark-induced radiation from hydrogen or deuterium-loaded palladium. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 114.

Klepacki, D. J.

Klepacki, D.J., Y.E. Kim, and R.A. Brandenburg, Two-Body Photodisintegration of 3-Helium and 3-Helium Near the Giant Resonance I. Plane-Wave Approximation. 1989.

Klopfenstein, M. F.

Klopfenstein, M.F. and J. Dash. Thermal Imaging during Electrolysis of Heavy Water with a Ti Cathode. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: Vancouver, Canada.

Klotz, I. M.

Klotz, I.M. and J.J. Katz, Two extraordinary electrical experiments. Am. Scholar, 1991. 60: p. 247.

Klyuev, V. A.

Klyuev, V.A., et al., High-energy Processes Accompanying the Fracture of Solids. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1986. 12: p. 551.

Knapp, J. A.

Knapp, J.A., et al., Thin-foil electrochemical cells: high-sensitivity fusion tests and in-situ beam measurements of deuterium loading. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 371.

Knies, D.

Knies, D., et al. In Situ Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction Study of Thin Pd Foil at D/Pd and H/Pd ~1 (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Motivation
* In situ XRD not performed for H/Pd > 0.76 in Fleischmann-Pons electrolytic cells
 
Possibility of learning
* Does a new gamma phase was suggested by Tripodi et. al. for the electrochemically loaded palladium when the composition H/Pd approaching 1 exist?
* Does temperature coefficient of resistivity of PdH versus the concentration of H anomaly show up in Pd crystalline structure (Tripodi et. al.)?
* In the Pd-D system, new phases were found through deuterium thermal desorption spectra.
Does anything show up on FPE system (Rybalko et. al.)?
* Report showing oscillating resistivity for palladium hydrides at some concentration range of H/Pd>0.9 (Miley et. al.).
 
* These proposed phase transitions are only based on indirect experimental data and have not been structurally determined.

DOWNLOAD

Kobayashi, M.

Kobayashi, M., et al. Measurements of D/Pd and Excess Heat during Electrolysis of LiOD in a Fuel-Cell Type Closed Cell Using a Palladium Sheet Cathode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Kobayashi, M., Present of 'cold fusion'. Kagaku Kogaku, 1993. 57(10): p. 715 (in Japanese).

Kochubey, D. I.

Kochubey, D.I., et al., Enrichment of deuterium with tritium in the presence of a palladium-561 giant cluster. J. Molec. Catal., 1991. 66: p. 99.

Kocsis, M.

Kocsis, M., et al., Search for neutrons from cold nuclear fusion. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1990. 145(5): p. 327.

Kogashi, S.

Kogashi, S., Present status of cold fusion research. J. Inst. Electron. Inf. Commun. Eng. (Japan), 1990. 73: p. 1311 (in Japanese).

Kojima, H.

Kojima, H., R.S. Tebble, and D.E.G. Williams, The variation with temperature of the magnetic susceptibility of some of the transition metals. Proc. Royal Soc London, A, 1961. 260: p. 237.

Kojima, H., W.-S. Zhang, and J. Dash. Precision Measurement Of Excess Energy In Electrolytic System Pd/D/H2SO4 And Inverse-Power Distribution Of Energy Pulses Vs. Excess Energy. in The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2007. Sochi, Russia.

Excess energy was measured with a Seebeck envelope calorimeter in an electrolytic system containing a 2 mm diameter Pd tube cathode. After about 50 hours of electrolysis, many power pulses (Pex < ∼0.5 W) and bursts  (Pex > ∼0.5 W) of excess power Pex were observed.  The distribution of the number of power pulses N(Pex) with definite excess power Pex plotted on a logarithmic scale is expressed as a straight line with a gradient ~ – 2 for Pex < ∼0.5 W showing the typical behavior of the 1/f noise. The distribution for Pex > ∼0.5 W deviates from this regularity. These characteristic behaviors are discussed in relation to complexity in the mechanism of the excess energy generation in the experimental system.

DOWNLOAD

Koldamsov, A.

Koldamsov, A., et al. Observation And Investigation Of Nuclear Fusion And Self-Induced Electric Discharges In Turbulent Liquids. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Komaki, H.

Komaki, H., production de proteins par 29 souches de microorganismes et augmentation du potassium en milieu de culture sodique sans potassium. Revue de Pathologie Comparee, 1967. 67: p. 213.

Komaki, H., Formation de protines et variations minerales par des microorganismes en milieu de culture, sort avec or sans potassium, sort avec ou sans phosphore. Revue de Pathologie Comparee, 1969. 69: p. 83.

Komaki, H. and C.L. Kervran. Experiences de Komaki, Premiere Serie de Recherches. in Preuves en biologie de transmutations a faible energie. 1975. Maloine, S. A. , Paris.

Komaki, H. Observations on the Biological Cold Fusion or the Biological Transformation of Elements. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Komaki, H. An Approach to the Probable Mechanism of the Non-Radioactive Biological Cold Fusion or So-Called Kervran Effect (Part 2). in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Komarov, V. V.

Komarov, V.V., Does Cold Fusion Exist and is it Measurable? Z. Naturforsch. A, 1990. 45(2): p. 759.

Konashi, K.

Konashi, K., H. Kayano, and M. Teshigawara, Analysis of heavy-ion-induced deuteron-deuteron fusion in solids. Fusion Technol., 1996. 29: p. 379.

Kondo, J.

Kondo, J., Cold fusion in metals. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1989. 58(6): p. 1869.

Konenkov, N. V.

Konenkov, N.V., S.S. Silakov, and G.A. Mogil'chenko, Quadrupole mass-spectrometric analysis of hydrogen isotopes during deuterium implantation in titanium. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1991. 17(1): p. 8.

Konishi, S.

Konishi, S. Translated Summary of the "Proc. of the Topical Meeting on Cold Fusion". in Proc. of the Topical Meeting on Cold Fusion. 1990. Japan.

Kooistra, J.

Kooistra, J., The Alternate View - LENR Part I, in Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 2003. p. 96.

Now and then, the subject of "cold fusion" comes up in the Analog online forum, and I, as the resident expert, wind up entering discussions on the topic. Unfortunately, what  soon happens is that I start getting questions-usually pretty good ones-that I can't possibly answer in the amount of time I'm willing to spend hanging out on the Internet, let alone the fraction of that time I have to devote to the forum.

DOWNLOAD

Kooistra, J., The Alternate View - LENR Part II, in Analog Science Fiction and Fact. 2003. p. 80.

In Part I of this column, I explained that “cold fusion” may not be fusion at all, and that the preferred term is now Low Energy Nuclear Reactions, or LENR. I also discussed my relevant experience as an experimental physicist; experience which led me to reject outright early claims that “cold fusion is all hooey,” based on hastily conducted experiments that failed to replicate the original result.

DOWNLOAD

Koonin, S. E.

Koonin, S.E. and M. Nauenberg, Calculated fusion rates in isotopic hydrogen molecules. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 690.

Koonin, S.E. and M. Mukerjee, Branching ratios in low-energy deuteron-induced reactions. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 42: p. 1639.

Kopecek, R.

Kopecek, R. and J. Dash, Excess Heat and Unexpected Elements from Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Titanium Cathodes. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 46.

ABSTRACT
 Excess heat was produced at the rate of about 1.2 watts during electrolysis of heavy water with a titanium cathode weighing 0.0625 g. Analysis of the electrodes before and after electrolysis with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) revealed that new surface topographical features with concentrations of unexpected elements (S, K, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Zn ) formed during electrolysis.

DOWNLOAD

Kornilova, A. A.

Kornilova, A.A., V. Vysotskii, and G.A. Zykov. Investigation of combined influence of Sr, Cl and S on the effectiveness of nuclear transmutation of Fe-54 isotope in biological cultures. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Kornilova, A.A., et al. Investigation of radiation effects at bubble cavitation in running liquid. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Kosyakhkov, A. A.

Kosyakhkov, A.A., et al., Detection helium-3 and tritium formed during ion-plasma saturation of titanium with deuterium. Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 1989. 49: p. 648 (In Russian).

Kosyakhkov, A.A., et al., Mass-spectrometric study of the products of nuclear reactions occurring by ion-plasma saturation of titanium with deuterium. Dokl. Akad. Nauk [Tekh. Fiz.], 1990. 312(1): p. 96 (in Russian).

Kosyakhkov, A.A., et al., Neutron yield in the deuterium ion implantation into titanium. Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 1990. 32: p. 3672 (in Russian).

Koval'chuk, E. P.

Koval'chuk, E.P., et al., Electrochemically stimulated radiation by metals. Fiz.-Khim. Mekh. Mater., 1989. 25: p. 119 (In Russian).

Koval'chuk, E.P., O.M. Yanchuk, and O.V. Reshetnyak, Electromagnetic radiation during electrolysis of heavy water. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 189: p. 15.

Kowalski, L.

Kowalski, L. Teachers Debate Cold Fusion. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

What follows is a collection of messages about cold fusion from teachers. The messages were posted on the Internet discussion list, Phys-L, or were sent to me in private. They illustrate a wide range of opinion. PHYS-L is a list dedicated to learning and teaching physics with 700 subscribers from over 35 countries, the majority of whom are physics educators.

DOWNLOAD

Kowalski, L. The Dilemma Of A Physics Teacher. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

This presentation is dedicated to an unknown high school chemistry student who sent me an e-mail message last spring. She wrote:
 "Help! My name is Maggie Johnson and I am a sophomore at Saratoga
High School. In my chemistry class, I am doing a project on Cold Fusion.
I was looking on the Internet for websites on Cold Fusion, and I came
across links to your Cold Fusion items. I was wondering if you could
give me some advice or information?"
 1) A year ago I would have replied that cold fusion is pseudoscience. But I am no longer comfortable with this kind of reply. . . .

DOWNLOAD

Kowalski, L., et al. Charged particles from Ti and Pd foils. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

After familiarizing himself with the use of CR-39 detectors, about a year ago, the first author asked Steven Jones to send him a TiDx foil, similar to that described at the Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion (1). It was an attempt detect 3 MeV protons with the CR-39 chips. The idea was to develop an experiment suitable for student-oriented cold fusion projects. That is how the first author became a cold fusion researcher. After receiving the foil he sandwiched it between two CR-39 detectors for the period of 55 days. The area of each detector was one square inch. The exposure started three days after the sample was prepared (by keeping the titanium foil in deuterium gas at high temperature and pressure).

DOWNLOAD

Kowalski, L. History of attempts to publish a paper. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

My 2004 paper, reviewing recent cold fusion claim, has been rejected (without sending it to referees and without offering any criticism) by editors of seven journals:
 1) Physics Today, USA
2) American Scientist, USA
3) Scientific American, USA
4) Nature, UK
5 New Scientist, UK
6) The Physics Teacher, USA
7) Science, USA

DOWNLOAD

Kowalski, L., Please Donate ICCF Proceedings To The Niels Bohr Library. 2004.

The Niels Bohr Library is dedicated to the history of physics and allied fields. It is part of the Center for History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics (AIP), located in College Park, Maryland. (See http://www.aip.org/history/nblbro.htm.) I have recently been in contact with director of Library, Dr. R. J. Anderson. He has indicated that the Library is interested in preserving proceedings of cold fusion conferences. I would like to coordinate the process of collecting these important materials from those who are willing to become donors. Please contact me, preferably by email, even if you have only one volume to donate.

DOWNLOAD

Kowalski, L. Recent cold fusion claims: are they valid? in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

What is Cold Fusion?
Cold fusion (CF) is a mixture of several claims that may or may not be related. Some of them belong to the realm of basic science while others belong to the area of patents. And some seem to be science fiction. From the point of view of history the CF episode, described in several books (1-7) and articles (8,9), is highly unusual. It is a situation in which the validity of research in one particular field has been officially questioned, at least in the US. According to many scientists, the cold fusion claims are in conflict with basic principles of physics and chemistry. That is why most researchers are no longer interested in cold fusion. Surprisingly, however, the field still attracts a large number of investigators with excellent credentials. Once a year they meet at international conferences and publish papers, most often in conference proceedings and over the Internet (10).  As a nuclear physicist, and a physics teacher, I examined some of these publications and attended one cold fusion conference (11).

DOWNLOAD

Kowalski, L., et al. New results and an ongoing excess heat controversy. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Kowalski, L., et al. Searching for excess heat in a Mizuno-type Cell (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Kowalski, L., S. Little, and G. Luce. Searching for excess heat in Mizuno-type plasma electrolysis. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Excess heat generated in the glow discharge plasma electrolysis, first reported by Mizuno and Ohmori (1), has been studied by several researchers, both in Japan (2, 3, 4) and in other countries (5, 6, 7, 8). Most reports, but not all, confirmed generation of excess heat. Facing this situation we decided to replicate the most recent experiment (8) in which excess heat was reported to increase with voltage. Our results do not confirm reality of excess heat.

DOWNLOAD

Kowalski, L. On emission of nuclear particles caused by electrolysis. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Numerous tracks of charged nuclear particles, emitted during electrolysis, were discovered by Oriani and Fisher. More recently, emission of such particles after electrolysis was discovered by Oriani. This presentation is based on ten experiments conducted to replicate the reported results. Seven clusters of tracks were found in two out of six electrolysis experiments. Three clusters were also found in one of four experiments conducted to study emission of nuclear particles after electrolysis. Arguments are presented against prosaic explanations for the clusters, such as natural radioactivity and cosmic rays.

DOWNLOAD

Kowalski, L., Comments on 'The Use of CR-39 in Pd/D Co-deposition Experiments' by P.A. Mosier-Boss, S. Szpak, F.E. Gordon and L.P.G. Forsely, Interpreting SPAWAR-Type Dominant Pits. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 2008. 44: p. 291-295.

A recent claim [Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 293 (2007)] demonstrating a nuclear process triggered by electrolysis is challenged. An analysis, based on relative diameters, is used to demonstrate that predominant pits could not possibly be attributed to alpha particles, or to less massive nuclear projectiles. This conclusion is supported not only by positive results from a replication experiment, but also by results from the experiment on which the original claim was based. While the numerous SPAWAR-type pits seem to be highly reproducible, their interpretation is not yet clear.

DOWNLOAD

Kowalski, L. Nuclear or not nuclear: how to decide? in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

A recent claim demonstrating a nuclear process triggered by electrolysis is challenged. An analysis, based on relative diameters, is used to demonstrate that predominant pits could not possibly be attributed to alpha particles, or to less massive nuclear projectiles. This conclusion is supported not only by positive results from a replication experiment, but also by results from the experiment on which the original claim was based. While the numerous SPAWAR-type pits seem to be highly reproducible, their interpretation is not yet clear. The SPAWAR discovery can be called scientific (rather than protoscientific) because it is reproducible.

DOWNLOAD

Kozima, H.

Kozima, H., Neutron Moessbauer effect and the cold fusion in inhomogeneous materials. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107 A: p. 1781.

Kozima, H. and S. Watanabe. Nuclear Processes in Trapped Neutron Catalyzed Model for Cold Fusion. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Kozima, H., et al. Analysis of the electrolytic cold fusion experiments on TNCF model. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Kozima, H., et al., Analysis of the First Cold Fusion Experiment on TNCF Model Analysis of Tritium and Neutron Generation in Pd+LiOD/D2O System. Cold Fusion, 1996.

Kozima, H., Excess Heat and Helium Generation in CF Experiments. Cold Fusion, 1996. 17.

Kozima, H., et al., On the Elemental Transmutation in Biological and Chemical Systems. Cold Fusion, 1996. 17.

Kozima, H. On the existance of trapped thermal neutron in cold fusion materials. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Kozima, H., et al., Analysis of cold fusion experiments generating excess heat, tritium and helium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1997. 425: p. 173.

Kozima, H., K. Kaki, and M. Ohta, Anomalous phenomenon in solids described by the TNCF model. Fusion Technol., 1998. 33: p. 52.

Kozima, H., The cold fusion phenomenon. Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, 1998. 6(1): p. 68.

Kozima, H. The TNCF Model for the Cold Fusion Phenomenon. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canad: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Kozima, H., M. Fujii, and K. Arai, Tritium and helium measurements by Bockris et al. analyzed on the TNCF Model. Cold Fusion, 1998. 26.

Kozima, H., et al., Analysis of energy spectrum of neutrons in cold-fusion experiments by the TCNF model. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1999. 112 A: p. 1431.

Kozima, H., et al., Nuclear reactions in surface layers of deuterium-loaded solids. Fusion Technol., 1999. 36: p. 337.

Kozima, H., Present status of cold fusion research. 1. Hoshasen Kagaku (Tokyo), 1999. 42(10): p. 310 [in Japanese].

Kozima, H., Present status of cold fusion research. 2. Hoshasen Kagaku (Tokyo), 1999. 42(11): p. 351 [in Japanese].

Kozima, H., K. Yoshimoto, and K. Arai, First reliable tritium data by Packham et al. analyzed by TCNF model. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2000. 25: p. 505.

Kozima, H. and K. Arai, Local coherence, condensation and nuclear reaction of neutrons at crystal boundary of metal hydrides and deuterides. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2000. 25(9): p. 845.

Kozima, H. and K. Arai, Localized nuclear transmutation in PdHx observed by Bockris and Minevski revealed a characteristic of CF phenomenon. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2000. 25(6): p. 513.

Kozima, H., Neutron drop: condensation of neutrons in metal hydrides and deuterides. Fusion Technol., 2000. 37: p. 253.

Kozima, H., et al. Nuclear Transmutation in Solids Explained by TNCF Model. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Kozima, H. The Cold Fusion Phenomenon and Physics of Neutrons in Solids. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Kozima, H. TNCF Model- A Phenomenological Approach. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Kozima, H., K. Arai, and K. Yoshimoto, Tritium and 4He data by Chien et al. confirmed the cold fusion phenomenon. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2000. 25: p. 509.

Kozima, H., et al., Possible explanation of 4He production in a Pd/D2 system by the TNCF model. Fusion Sci. & Technol., 2001. 40: p. 86.

Kozima, H. An explanation of data sets obtained by McKubre et al. (excess heat), Clarke (null results of 4He, RHe) and Clarke et al (tritiium) with "Arata Cell". in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Kozima, H., et al. Consistent explanation of topography changes and nuclear transmutation in surface layers of cathodes in electrolytic cold fusion experiments. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Synopsis
 
Nuclear transmutations (NT’s) and exotic surface topography observed in the surface layers of cathodes in electrolytic experiments by J. Dash et al. over the last ten years have been analyzed using the TNCF model. Surface topographies of the cathodes showed characteristic fine structures where the results of nuclear transmutation (NT) were detected. Nuclear transmutations, characterized by their locality, are accompanied by excess heat generation, which suggests a nuclear origin. The products of nuclear transmutation are explained either by decay of excited cathode element nuclei to form an element of higher mass number than the original (nuclear transmutation by decay, or NTD) or by fission of these nuclei (nuclear transmutation by fission, or NTF). The model was successfully used to analyze two cases of quantitative changes of isotope ratios in Ti and Pd cathodes and the surface topography change. . . .

DOWNLOAD

Kozima, H. Excited states of nucleons in a nucleus and cold fusion phenomenon in transition-metal hydrides and deuterides. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Kozima, H. CF-Matter and the Cold Fusion Phenomenon. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

The working concept of “cf-matter,” defined as “neutron drops in a thin neutron liquid” as described in previous papers, is used to explain complex events, especially nuclear transmutations, in cold fusion phenomenon (CFP). In samples used in CF experiments, the cf‑matter contains high‑density neutron drops in surface/boundary regions while in the volume it contains only a few of them, in accordance with experimental data. Generation of various nuclear transmutations, the most interesting features in CFP, are explained naturally if we use the concept of the cf-matter. Qualitative correspondence between the relative isotopic abundance of elements in the universe and the number of observations of elements in CFP is shown using more than 40 experimental data, sets. This facts is an evidence show­ing statistically that CFP in transition‑metal hydrides/deuterides is a low energy version of nuclear processes occurring in the stars catalyzed by, specific neutrons in the cf‑matter formed in surface/boundary regions of CF materials.

DOWNLOAD

Kozima, H. Cold Fusion Phenomenon and Solid State Nuclear Physics. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Kozima, H. Complexity in the Cold Fusion Phenomenon. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Kozima, H. and H. Date. Nuclear Transmutations in Polyethylene (XLPE) Films and Water Tree Generation in Them. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Krapivnyi, N. G.

Krapivnyi, N.G., Y.B. Kleshnya, and Sobornitskii, Allowing for finite rate of propagation of hydrogen concentration wave during hydrogen diffusion in metals. translated from Elektrokhimiya, 1991. 28(3): p. 451.

Krasnoshchekov, Yu. I.

Krasnoshchekov, Y.I., et al., Possibility of nuclear reaction during phase transitions. Sov. Phys. Dokl., 1991. 36: p. 705.

Krause, W.

Krause, W. and L. Kahlenberg, On Palladium-Hydrogen. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1935. 68: p. 449.

Krauss, A.

Krauss, A., et al., Low-Energy Fusion Cross Sections of D + D and D + 3He Reactions. Nucl. Phys. A, 1987. 465: p. 150.

Kreysa, G.

Kreysa, G., G. Marx, and W. Plieth, A critical analysis of electrochemical nuclear fusion experiments. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 266: p. 437.

Krishnan, M. S.

Krishnan, M.S., et al., Cold Fusion Experiments Using a Commercial Pd-Ni Electrolyser, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 1.

The first reports of observation of 'Cold Fusion' during the electrolysis of heavy water using Pd cathodes, resulted in frantic attempts in several laboratories of the world to duplicate these experiments and if possible improve upon them. Electrolytic cold fusion investigations were initiated at Trombay in the first week of April '89 as a collaborative effort between the Heavy Water and Neutron Physics Divisions of BARC. A commercial (Milton Roy) diffusion type Pd-Ag cathode/ Ni anode hydrogen generator which was readily available was employed for this purpose, after loading NaOD as electrolyte in place of the original NaOH. This paper gives details of the electrolyser characteristics, conditions of operation and the neutron and tritium measurements.

DOWNLOAD

Krishnan, M.S., et al., Evidence for Production of Tritium via Cold Fusion Reactions in Deuterium Gas Loaded Palladium, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. B 4.

After the first announcement reporting the observation of cold fusion further evidence supporting the same has appeared in scientific literature although many other groups have failed to obtain positive results. Palladium and titanium loaded electrolytically and titanium loaded directly with deuterium gas have been reported to emit neutrons. Interestingly gas loading experiments involving Pd-D have not been reported so far. Such experiments were therefore conducted recently in our group. Tritium measurements in gas loaded Pd-D targets have been carried out. The present paper summarises the results obtained so far to ascertain whether cold fusion reactions occur in gas loaded Pd targets also.

DOWNLOAD

Krishnan, M.S., S.K. Malhotra, and H.K. Sadhukhan, Material Balance of Tritium in the Electrolysis of Heavy Water, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 10.

Krishnan, M.S., et al., Observation Of Cold Fusion In A Ti-SS Electrochemical Cell, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 3.

Since the two communications reporting the occurrence of cold fusion, experiments had been initiated in a number of laboratories to study the electrolysis of D2O with palladium (Pd) as cathode. In a few cases titanium (Ti) has also been used as cathode. Ti is a material of interest as it can form deuteride up to the composition of TiD2 (against 0.6 in case of Pd). Further Ti is more easily available and cheaper in our country. Three groups have reported the use of Ti as the cathode material in their electrolytic experiments. Meanwhile in an interesting paper use of Ti in deuterium gas loading experiments has been reported wherein occurrence of neutron bursts under non-equilibrium conditions was observed.

DOWNLOAD

Krivit, S.

Krivit, S. and N. Winocur, Cold Fusion Report (in Chinese). 2004, New Energy Times.

Krivit, S. and N. Winocur, Cold Fusion Report (in Italian). 2004, New Energy Times.

Krivit, S. and N. Winocur, O Renascimento da Fusao a frio: Ciencia Real, a esperanca real, Energia reais. 2004: Pacific Oaks Press.

Aqui está o primeiro capítulo do livro de: Krivit, S. e N. Winocur: O Renascer da Fusão a Frio: Ciência Real, Esperança Real, Energia Real. 2004: Pacific Oaks Press. para mais informações sobre este livro, ou para comprar uma cópia, consulte:
 
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/books/RebirthofColdFusion/AboutTRCF.shtml
 
Em termos simples, a fusão a frio é um fenômeno científico que ocorre em um arranjo experimental a temperatura ambiente e produz energia nuclear, na forma de calor, sem radiação nociva.

DOWNLOAD

Krivit, S. and N. Winocur, The Rebirth of Cold Fusion: Real Science, Real Hope, Real Energy. 2004: Pacific Oaks Press.

Here is the first chapter from the book: Krivit, S. and N. Winocur, The Rebirth of Cold Fusion: Real Science, Real Hope, Real Energy. 2004: Pacific Oaks Press. For more information about this book, or to purchase a copy, please see:
 
http://newenergytimes.com/TRCF/AboutTRCF.htm

DOWNLOAD

Krivit, S. Cold Fusion, a Journalistic Investigation (PowerPoint slides). in American Physical Society Meeting. 2005. Los Angeles.

Krivit, S. How Can Cold Fusion Be Real, Considering It Was Disproved By Several Well-Respected Labs In 1989? (PowerPoint slides). in 12th International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems. 2005. Brussels, Belgium.

PowerPoint presentation for the paper with the same title.

DOWNLOAD

Krivit, S. How Can Cold Fusion Be Real, Considering It Was Disproved By Several Well-Respected Labs In 1989? in 12th International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems. 2005. Brussels, Belgium.

This journalistic investigation into cold fusion follows the work of Eugene Mallove, formerly with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology press office as well as Infinite Energy magazine, and the work of author Charles Beaudette.
 This paper is the result of a broad survey of original interviews with researchers who have been active in the cold fusion field for the past 15 years, their papers, and references to significant, previously undisclosed cold fusion experiments and audits.
 This investigation shows that the claims of excess heat were never disproved, in contrast to the generally-held belief at the time. With the benefit of 16 years of progress and hindsight, cold fusion researchers have accumulated convincing evidence to establish the claims of a new, genuine field of science. This investigation shows that the original hope of cold fusion, a new source of energy without harmful radiation, remains. This paper also serves as a brief summary of some of the highlights of the field to date.

DOWNLOAD

Krivit, S. Introduction to a new method to initiate cold fusion / condensed matter nuclear reactions. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Krivit, S. Introduction to The Hydraulic-Electrostatic Cold Fusion Method (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Krivit, S. What really happened with cold fusion and why is it coming back? (PowerPoint slides). in International Congress of Nanotechnology. 2005. San Francisco, CA.

Krivit, S. What really happened with cold fusion and why is it coming back? in International Congress of Nanotechnology. 2005. San Francisco, CA.

Krivit, S. and B. Daviss, Extraordinary Evidence. New Energy Times, 2006(19).

This article describes recent experiments at the U.S. Navy San Diego SPAWAR Systems Center, which demonstrated nuclear effects with palladium co-deposition cathodes subjected to magnetic or high voltage fields.
 
This document was copied from:
 
http://newenergytimes.com/news/2006/2006ExtraordinaryEvidence.pdf
 
Scientists at the U.S. Navy’s San Diego SPAWAR Systems Center have produced something unique in the 17-year history of the scientific drama historically known as cold fusion: simple, portable, highly repeatable, unambiguous, and permanent physical evidence of nuclear events using detectors that have a long track record of reliability and acceptance among nuclear physicists.

DOWNLOAD

Krivit, S., Low energy nuclear reaction research - Global scenario. Curr. Sci., 2008. 94(7): p. 854.

Krivit, S., Low Energy Nuclear Reactions: The Emergence of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 3-16.

Krivit, S. and J. Marwan, A new look at low-energy nuclear reaction research. J. Environ. Monit., 2009. 11: p. 1731-1746.

This paper presents a new look at low-energy nuclear reaction research, a field that has developed from one of the most controversial subjects in science, cold fusion. Early in the history of this controversy, beginning in 1989, a strong polarity existed; many scientists fiercely defended the claim of new physical effects as well as a new process in which like-charged atomic nuclei overcome the Coulomb barrier at normal temperatures and pressures. Many other scientists considered the entire collection of physical observations -- along with the hypothesis of a cold fusion -- entirely a mistake. Twenty years later, some people who had dismissed the field in its entirety are considering the validity of at least some of the reported experimental phenomena. As well, some researchers in the field are wondering whether the underlying phenomena may be not a fusion process but a neutron capture/absorption process. In 2002, a related tabletop form of thermonuclear fusion was discovered in the field of acoustic inertial confinement fusion. We briefly review some of this work, as well.

DOWNLOAD

Krivit, S., Introduction, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. 3-5.

Kuangding, P.

Kuangding, P. and C. Shanna. The theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in finite system for explanation of cold fusion. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Kubota, A.

Kubota, A., et al. Hydrogen and Deuterium Absorption by Pd Cathode in a Fuel-Cell Type Closed Cell. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Kubota, A., et al. Development and Experiments on a Flow Calorimetry System. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Kubota, A., A. Taniike, and A. Kitamura. Production of High Energy Charged Particles During Deuteron Implantation of Titanium Deuterides. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Abstract Implantation experiments using 300-keV deuteron beams are performed to study the 3-body reaction in metal deuterides with full use of in situ analyses of the target. The ΔΕ-Ε telescope and the angular correlation measurements of the reaction products are made for TiD_x samples prepared with various methods. A portion of the α-particle spectra with a yield ratio of 10^-7 to D(d,p) protons, which is difficult to explain by reactions with impurities and the sequential reactions, is ascribed to the 3D → α + p + n channel.

DOWNLOAD

Kucherov, Y.

Kucherov, Y. Slow Nuclear Excitation Model. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Kuehne, R. W.

Kuehne, R.W., Cold fusion: pros and cons. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 155: p. 467.

Kuehne, R.W., Possible explanations for failures to detect cold fusion. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 159: p. 208.

Kuehne, R.W., The possible hot nature of cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 198.

Kuehne, R.W. and R.E. Sioda, An extended micro hot fusion model for burst activity in deuterated solids. Fusion Technol., 1995. 27: p. 187.

Kuehne, R.W., Response to "Strange behavior of tritiated natural water". Fusion Technol., 2000. 37: p. 265.

Kuji, T.

Kuji, T., et al., Hydrogen Chemical Potentials and Dislocation Structures Following Quenching of Palladium-Hydrogen Alloys into the Two-Phase Envelope. Scr. Metall., 1985. 19: p. 1369.

Kuji, T. and T.B. Flanagan, Temperature Dependence of the Chemical Potential of Hydrogen in the Two-phase Coexistence Region of the Palladium-Hydrogen System. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1985. 81(1): p. 2921.

Kulakov, A. V.

Kulakov, A.V., E.V. Orlenko, and A.A. Rumyantsev, Problem of physical mechanism of so-called cold fusion. Power Eng. (USSR Acad. Sci), 1990. 28(1): p. 141.

Kumagai, H.

Kumagai, H., et al., Attempts in detection of neutrons on so-called cold nuclear fusion. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1991. 60: p. 2594.

Kumar, K.

Kumar, K., et al., Analyses of palladium cathodes used for heavy water electrolysis. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 178.

Kumar, N.

Kumar, N., Cold fusion: is there a solid state effect? Curr. Sci., 1989. 58: p. 833.

Kunimatsu, K.

Kunimatsu, K., et al. Deuterium Loading Ratio and Excess Heat Generation During Electrolysis of Heavy Water by Palladium Cathode in a Closed Cell Using a Partially Immersed Fuel Cell Anode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

ABSTRACT
 We have developed a novel electrolytic cell pressurized by D2 in which deuterium loading ratio in a palladium cathode can be determined in-situ during the calorimetric measurements of excess heat. A gas diffusion type fuel cell anode is partially immersed in the electrolyte solution to act as a counter electrode, at which electrochemical oxidation of deuterium gas molecules to deuterium ions takes place instead of electrolytic decomposition of water molecules to generate oxygen gas.

DOWNLOAD

Kunimatsu, K., Current status of room-temperature nuclear fusion. Excess heat measurement. Petrotech. (Tokyo), 1994. 17(12): p. 998 (in Japanese).

Kunimatsu, K., F. Hasegawa, and N. Furuya, Gaseous-Difusion Electrode and Electrochemical Reactor Using the Same. 1995: US Patent # 5,423,967.

Kunimatsu, K., Surface modification of the cathode in the study of cold fusion. Hyomen Gijutsu, 1996. 47(3): p. 218 (in Japanese).

Kuroiwa, K.

Kuroiwa, K., et al., Experimental investigation on loading ratio D/Pd using high pressure and deuterium glow discharge methods. Rept. Fac. Sci. Eng., Saga Univ., 1997. 26: p. 33 (in Japanese).

Kuss, H. M.

Kuss, H.M., Die elektrochemische Kernfusion bleibt unbewiesen! ("Electrochemical nuclear fusion still unproven!"). Chem. Labor Betr., 1989. 40: p. 353 [in German].

Kuzmann, E.

Kuzmann, E., et al., Investigation on the possibility of cold nuclear fusion in Fe-Zr amorphous alloy. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1989. 137(4): p. 243.

Kuzmann, E., et al. Màssbauer Spectroscopic Charactrization of Samples for Cold Fusion Experiment. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Kuzmann, E., et al. Mˆssbauer Spectroscopic Charactrization of Samples for Cold Fusion Experiment. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Kuzmann, E., et al., Moessbauer study of cold nuclear fusion in Fe-Zr alloy. Hyperfine Interactions, 1992. 71: p. 1417.

Kuzmann, E., et al. On the Possibility of Cold Nuclear Fusion in Fe-Zr Amorphous Alloy. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1992. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Kuzmann, E., et al. On the Possibility of Cold Nuclear Fusion in Fe-Zr Amorphous Alloy. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1992. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Kuznetsov, V. A.

Kuznetsov, V.A., et al. Anomalous Heat Effects and Cold Fusion in KD2PO4 Crystals on the Ferroelectric Phase Transition. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Lacher, J. R.

Lacher, J.R., A Theoretical Formula for the Solubility of Hydrogen in Palladium. Royal Society of London Proceedings A, 1937. 161: p. 525.

Laforgue, A.

Laforgue, A. Cold Fusion and Quantum Mechanics. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Lahey, R. T.

Lahey, R.T., Sonoluminescence and the Search for Sonofusion (PowerPoint slides). 2005, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute: Troy, NY.

Lam, D. J.

Lam, D.J. and K.M. Myles, The magnetic susceptibilities of Pd-Cd, Pd-Sn, and Pt-Cu binary alloys. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1966. 21: p. 1503.

Lam, P. K.

Lam, P.K. and R. Yu, Comment on 'Cold fusion: How close can deuterium atoms get inside palladium?'. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989. 63: p. 1895.

Langanke, K.

Langanke, K., Potential of a deuterium molecule trapped in an external field of screened point charges with fcc-symmetry. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3: p. 1031.

Langanke, K., H.J. Assenbaum, and C. Rolfs, Screening corrections in cold deuterium fusion rates. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl., 1989. 333: p. 317.

Langmuir, I.

Langmuir, I., Pathological Science. Physics Today, 1989. October: p. 36.

Lanza, F.

Lanza, F., et al. Tritium Production Resulting From Deuteration of Different Metals and Alloys. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Abstract
Previous experiments have shown that tritium is produced in deuterated titanium. To define better the phenomenon a series of tests have been performed using various metals and alloys and different deuterating conditions. Sheets and shavings of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, Zircaloy 2 and Ti-Zr 50% alloy have been tested.
A statistical analysis of the tritium production shows that significant differences are obtained varying the type of metal used. Using pure metals the tritium production increases with the increase of the atomic number of the metal. Moreover higher productions of tritium have been obtained using materials of technical purity as tantalum, Zircaloy 2 and Ti-Zr alloy.

DOWNLOAD

Lason, L.

Lason, L., et al., Search for neutrons from cold fusion of deuterium absorbed in palladium. Acta Univ. Lodz., Fol. Phys., 1992. 16: p. 3.

Lasser, R.

Lasser, R. and K.H. Klatt, Solubility of Hydrogen Isotopes in Palladium. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1983. 28: p. 748.

Lasser, R., Isotope Dependence of Phase Boundaries in the PdH, PdD, and PdT Systems. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1985. 46: p. 33.

Lasser, R. and G.L. Powell, Tritium in Pd and Pd0.08Ag0.20. 1987, NY: Plenum Press.

Lautzenhiser, T.

Lautzenhiser, T. and D. Phelps, Cold Fusion: Report on a Recent Amoco Experiment. 1990, Amoco Production Company.

This report will discuss briefly some of the early calorimetric experiments on cold fusion and in more detail, a single experiment just concluded.
A closed cell electrolytic experiment has been conducted using a palladium cathode and platinum anode with accurate (+/-0.001 watt) calorimetric measurements. Results indicate a positive energy output of approximately 50 Kilojoules more than was input to the experiment through electrolysis current and heater current. The heat output was observed both as short term bursts of energy and as long term sustained production. Colorimetric calibration with an internal heat source showed essentially identical data before and after the electrolysis experiment. Material balance for palladium, water and lithium showed essentially no material had been consumed during the experiment. Tritium levels measured before and after electrolysis showed a factor of 3 increase that cannot be accounted for by concentration effects.

DOWNLOAD

Lautzenhiser, T., D. Phelps, and M. Eisner. Constant Heat Flow Calorimeter. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

A constant heat flow calorimeter is described and its application to a Fleischmann-Pons experiment is detailed. In this calorimeter the electrolytic cell is contained in an isothermal chamber into which electrical power is fed from two separate sources. One source feeds biasing power P_aux to an auxiliary resistive element located in the chamber while the other source provides, P_e, the electrochemical power requirements for the cell. The cell temperature T1 is maintained at its set point by varying P_aux as needed. Clearly power needs to be removed from the cell if a steady state is to be maintained and this is accomplished by inducing heat flow through a thermal link to a reference body whose temperature T2 is less than T1. . . .

DOWNLOAD

Lawandy, N. M.

Lawandy, N.M., Interactions of charged particles on surfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2009. 95(23).

Charges of the same polarity bound to a surface with a large dielectric contrast exhibit an attractive long-range Coulomb interaction, which leads to a two-particle bound state. Ensembles of like charges experience a collective long-range interaction, which results in compacted structures with interparticle separations that can be orders of magnitude smaller than the equilibrium separation of the pair potential minimum. Simulations indicate that ensembles of surface bound nuclei, such as D or T, exhibit separations small enough to result in significant rates of fusion.

DOWNLOAD

Lawson, A. C.

Lawson, A.C., et al., Strain and particle size of palladium metal powders. Adv. in X-ray Analysis, 1990. 33: p. 403.

Lawson, A.C., et al., Debye-Waller factors of PdDx materials by neutron powder diffraction. J. Alloys and Compounds, 1992. 183: p. 174.

Lawson, D. R.

Lawson, D.R., et al., Use of a coulometric assay technique to study the variables affecting deuterium loading levels within palladium electrodes. Electrochim. Acta, 1991. 36: p. 1515.

Leary, W. E.

Leary, W.E., Recent Tests Said To Justify More Cold Fusion Research, in The New York Times. 1989: NYEditor. p. 10.

Lee, A. R.

Lee, A.R. and T.M. Kalotas, On the feasibility of cold fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 102(4): p. 1177.

Lee, K. H.

Lee, K.H. and Y.M. Kim. The Change of Tritium Concentration during the Electrolysis of D2O in Various Electrolytic Cells. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Lee, K. P.

Lee, K.P., et al., Cold Fusion. Anal. Sci. & Technol., 1991. 4(1): p. 103 (in Korean).

Lee, M.

Lee, M. and R. Glosser, Pressure Concentration Isotherms of Thin Films of the Pd-H System as Modified by Film Thickness , Hydrogen Cycling , and Stress. J. Appl. Phys., 1985. 57: p. 5236.

Lee, M. and R. Glosser, Resistivity of Thin Films of the Palladium-Hydrogen System as a Function of Film Thickness. Zeitschrift fur Physik. Chemie, 1986. 147: p. 27.

Leggett, A. J.

Leggett, A.J. and G. Baym, Can solid-state effects enhance the cold-fusion rate? Nature (London), 1989. 340: p. 45.

Leggett, A.J. and G. Baym, Exact upper bounds on barrier penetration probabilities in many-body systems: application to 'cold fusion'. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989. 63(2): p. 191.

Leisure, R. G.

Leisure, R.G., L.A. Nygren, and D.K. Hsu, Ultrasonic relaxation rates in palladium hydride and palladium deuteride. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1986. 33: p. 8325.

LENR-CANR

LENR-CANR, The DoE Lies Again. 2005, LENR-CANR.org.

The DoE promised to evaluate cold fusion claims fairly, twice. Both times, when given a chance to keep the promise, the DoE failed.

DOWNLOAD

Letts, D.

Letts, D. and D. Cravens. Laser Stimulation Of Deuterated Palladium: Past And Present (PowerPoint slides). in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

PowerPoint slides for this paper.

DOWNLOAD

Letts, D. and D. Cravens. Laser Stimulation Of Deuterated Palladium: Past And Present. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

A method is disclosed to fabricate a Palladium cathode that can be electrolyzed in heavy water and stimulated with a laser at a predetermined wavelength to produce apparent excess power; the fabrication method involves cold working, polishing, etching and annealing the Palladium prior to electrolytic loading with Deuterium. Loading is accomplished with the cathode sitting in a magnetic field of 350 Gauss. After loading the cathode with Deuterium, Gold is co-deposited electrolytically on the cathode. When a coating of Gold is visible on the cathode, co-deposition is halted and the cathode is stimulated with a low-power laser with a maximum power of 30 milliwatts. The thermal response of the cathode is typically 500 mW with maximum output observed of approximately 1 watt. The effect is repeatable when protocols are followed and has been demonstrated in several laboratories.

DOWNLOAD

Letts, D. and P.L. Hagelstein. Stimulation of Optical Phonons in Deuterated Palladium. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Progress made since 2007 in the triggering of excess power by terahertz stimulation of deuterated palladium is reported. The stimulation was provided by tuning dual lasers to one of three specific beat frequencies corresponding to the known optical phonon frequencies of deuterated palladium (8, 15, 20 THz).
 
Results imply that optical phonons may be involved in the Fleischmann-Pons effect, giving preliminary support to Hagelstein's phonon theory. The importance of laser beam polarization is also demonstrated, confirming earlier work reported by Violante et al., and by Letts and Cravens.

DOWNLOAD

Letts, D., D. Cravens, and P.L. Hagelstein, Thermal Changes in Palladium Deuteride Induced by Laser Beat Frequencies, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 337-352.

Letts, D., D. Cravens, and P.L. Hagelstein, Dual Laser Stimulation and Optical Phonons in Palladium Deuteride, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. 81-93.

Levi, B. G.

Levi, B.G., Doubts Grow as Many Attempts at Cold Fusion Fail. Physics Today, 1989. June: p. 17.

Levi, G.

Levi, G. and D. Bianchini, Report on heat production during preliminary tests on the Rossi "Ni-H" reactor. 2011, Bologna University.

In this first and preliminary document are reported the heat production measures done during two short tests done on December 16 2010 [Test 1] and January 14 2011 [Test 2].

DOWNLOAD

Levi, G., et al., Teste experimental de um dispositivo mini-Rossi na corporacao Leonardo, Bologna 29 de marco de 2011. 2011, Bologna University.

Relatório do evento por Hanno Essen e Kullander Sven, 03 de abril de 2011.
 
Nós nos reunimos no edifício da Corporação Leonardo, onde o aparelho de 10 kW para a produção de energia anômala pelo níquel e hidrogênio foi demonstrada durante uma conferência de imprensa em 14 de janeiro. Referências [1] a [4] para os artigos originais descrevendo a inovação são listados no final. No mesmo edifício, foram colocadas duas instalações CHP, com base no biodiesel a partir de resíduos que Andrea Rossi, tinha desenvolvido antes de sua atividade em Ni-H presente.

DOWNLOAD