Gammon, B. E.

Gammon, B.E., Cathode cooling by expansion of hydrogen in calorimetric tests for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 342.

Gann, V. V.

Gann, V.V. and V.I. Pokhodyashchii, Metastable bound states of deuterium in palladium and its role in cold nuclear fusion. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved. , 1990(1): p. 89 (in Russian).

Ganz, J.

Ganz, J. and J. Newman, Cold Fusion : Will It Be Harnessed?, in High Technology Careers Magazine. 1989. p. 60.

Gareev, F.

Gareev, F., I. Zhidkova, and Y. Ratis. Enhancement Mechanisms of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Gareev, F. and I. Zhidkova. New Cooperative Mechanisms of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions Using Superlow Energy External Field. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Gareev, F., G. Gareeva, and I. Zhidkova. Common Mechanism of Superconductivity, Superfluidity, Integer and Fractional Hall Effects, and Cold Fusion. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Gareev, F., G. Gareeva, and I. Zhidkova. Quantization of Atomic and Nuclear Rest Masses. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Garfinkle, M.

Garfinkle, M., Ion implantation as a definitive means of investigating any possibility of intracrystalline nuclear fusion. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 160.

Garg, A. B.

Garg, A.B., et al. Protocol for Controlled and Rapid Loading/Unloading of H2/D2 Gas in Self Heated Pd Wires to Trigger Nuclear Events. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Garwin, R. L.

Garwin, R.L., Consensus on Cold Fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 616.

Garwin, R.L., SRI Deuterated Metals Project. 1993, Thomas J. Watson Research Center: Yorktown Heights, NY.

Gdowski, G. E.

Gdowski, G.E., T.E. Felter, and R.H. Stulen, Effect of Surface Temperature on the Sorption of Hydrogen by Pd(111). Surf. Sci. Lett., 1987. 181: p. L147.

Gentsch, H.

Gentsch, H., DD-fusion reactions at a PdAg(D) target in a minireactor. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1991. 95: p. 1283 (in German).

Gentsch, H., Reply to: R. Behrisch, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 96, 733 [1992]. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1992. 96: p. 734 (in German).

George, R.

George, R., The cold fusion phenomenon -- An interview with Dr. Mahadeva Srinivasan, in Cold Fusion. 1994.

Dr. Mahadeva Srinivasan was the head of the Neutron Physics Division and an Associate Director of the Physics Group of BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Center) in Mumbai (Bombay), India when this interview was held on March 1, 1994 at SRI International in Menlo Park, California. At that time he was a visiting scientist there, participating in the Cold Fusion experiments underway at the laboratories of the Energy Research Center.

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George, R., Production of He4 from deuterium via reaction on a palladium carbon hydrogenation catalyst at 200°C. 1996.

George, R. and R. Stringham, Technical report on the demonstration of new technology producing heat and nuclear products via cavitation induced micro-fusion in E-quest sciences Mark II research device. 1996.

George, R., Observations of helium bubbles in thin palladium metal foil using scanning electron microscopy. 1997.

Gerischer, H.

Gerischer, H. Is Cold Fusion a Reality? The Impressions of a Critical Observer. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

“In spite of my earlier conclusion, ‑ and that of the majority of scientists, ‑ that the phenomena reported by Fleischmann and Pons in 1989 depended either on measurement errors or were of chemical origin, there is now undoubtedly overwhelming indications that nuclear processes take place in the metal alloys.”
Professor Heinz Gerischer
  COLD FUSION
John O’M. Bockris
Chemistry Dept., Texas A&M University
College Station, TX  77843‑3255
 October 30, 1991
 A memorandum has been written on the present state of cold fusion research as of October, 1991, by Professor Heinz Gerischer.
The significance of this memorandum arises from Professor Gerischer’s status.  He is widely recognized to be the leading physical electrochemist in Europe and would vie for the title on a still wider basis.  Apart from his long term involvement in electrochemistry he is well known as a physical chemist of the highest standing and was, until 1988, the Director of the Max Planck Institute for Physical Chemistry in Berlin.

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Gerischer, H., Memorandum on the present state of knowledge on cold fusion. 1991, Fritz Harber Institute der Max Planke: Berlin.

Gerlovin, I. L.

Gerlovin, I.L., R.K. Baranova, and P.S. Baranov, New approach to low-temperature nuclear fusion. Zh. Obshch. Khim., 1992. 62: p. 230 (in Russian).

Gerstein, S. S.

Gerstein, S.S., The Critical Test Experiments in Cold Fusion. 1989.

Ghosh, S. K.

Ghosh, S.K., H.K. Saidhukhan, and A.K. Dhara, A Theory of Cold Nuclear Fusion in Deuterium Loaded Palladium, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. C 4.

Ghosh, S.K., H.K. Sadhukhan, and A.K. Dhara, A theory of cold nuclear fusion in deuterium-loaded palladium. Pramana, 1989. 33: p. L339.

Gibb, T. R. P.

Gibb, T.R.P., Lattice-Distension and the Magnetic Susceptibility of Palladium Hydride. 1966.

Gieryn, T. F.

Gieryn, T.F., "The Social Dimensions of Science", The ballad of Pons and Fleischmann: Experiment and narrative in the (un)making of cold fusion, ed. E. McMullin. 1992: U. Notre Dame Press, Gieryn, T.F. 214.

Gillespie, D. J.

Gillespie, D.J., et al., A search for anomalies in the palladium-deuterium system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 526.

Gillespie, L. J.

Gillespie, L.J. and W.R. Downs, The Palladium-Deuterium Equilibrium. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937. 61: p. 2494.

Gimpel, R.

Gimpel, R. Multicell Reactors. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

A growing body of experimental evidence in this last decade has shown that some types of low-energy-induced nuclear reactions are possible. Key cathode characteristics considered important for these non-Joule heating reactions, as documented in a US patent application, are discussed. These concepts are incorporated into an electrolytic reactor system to encourage these reactions while discourage Joule heating of the electrolyte. However, even the more efficient reactor designs appear to have diminishing returns upon scale up. The MultiCell unit’s unique design allows for repetitive replication of the unit (much like a component on a circuit board or computer chip) to acquire the desired power output while still maintaining the efficiency of the small MultiCell unit. The design uses a plurality of small cells arranged in an interconnected array, wherein each cell is characterized by having a relatively small cathode separated from a relatively large anode by a small gap.

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Giordano, N.

Giordano, N., A.S. Arico, and V. Antonucci, Thermal effects during the electrolytic charging of deuterium in the palladium lattice. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 105.

Gittus, J.

Gittus, J. and J. Bockris, Explanations of cold fusion (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 105 (Scientific Correspondence).

Gluck, P.

Gluck, P., Understanding Reproducibility: Topology Is The Key. Fusion Facts, 1992. 3(11).

Lack of reproducibility was a kind of original sin and a rich source of troubles, despair and skeptics from the start of the cold fusion story. Now the situation is much improved, but the progress has resulted mainly from trial and error experiments and not from cause-effect considerations, principles, models or theories. This statement is valid even for the newly born light-water excess energy experiments [1]. The most developed theories, e.g. the T.R.M. model of Bush [2] must be combined with purely empirical descriptions of know-how and engineering data as those of Cravens [3] for electrochemical cells. Scaramuzzi [4] for gas-metal systems, Mills [5] (the experimental part) and Mallove [1] for light water experiments. An example of spectacular irreproducibility was obtained by the scientists of the Bhabha Atomic Research Center [6,7]: “not only are the anomalous fusion reactions found to take place in only a very few chips (obtained from the same piece of titanium) but even in those chips, tritium production is restricted to a small number of selected localized ‘hot spots’ only...”

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Gluck, P., The surfdyne concept: an attempt to solve (or to rename) the puzzles of cold nuclear fusion. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 122.

Gluck, P. Cold Fusion - A Logical Network Approach. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.

Gluck, P., A new definition for 'chemical element? Chem. Innov., 2001. 31(10): p. 44.

Godes, R.

Godes, R. Quantum Fusion Hypothesis. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

The field of cold fusion is not “fusion” as the current establishment defines it.
 
A basic tenant of research is that correlation does not equal causation. The current assumption of Deuterium Deuterium (DD) fusion based on the excellent work of Dr. Michael McKubre showing a near perfect match of excess heat to helium produced is only a correlation. The assumption of DD fusion may be fallacious and leading to a dead end. In many cases the Pons Fleischmann reaction starts with deuterium and ends with helium. This would seem to indicate DD fusion, but this is assuming that correlation equals causation.

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Godshall, N. A.

Godshall, N.A., et al., Calorimetric and thermodynamic analysis of palladium-deuterium electrochemical cells. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 229.

Goedkoop, J. A.

Goedkoop, J.A., Koude kernfusie in de vaste stof?" (Cold nuclear fusion in solids?). Energiespektrum, 1989. 13: p. 156 (in Dutch).

Gold, T.

Gold, T., New ideas in science. J. Sci. Expl., 1989. 3(2): p. 103.

Goldanskii, V. I.

Goldanskii, V.I. and F.I. Dalidchik, Mechanism of solid-state fusion (Title given by Letters editor). Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 231.

Goldanskii, V.I. and F.I. Dalidchik, On the possibilities of 'cold enhancement' of nuclear fusion. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 234: p. 465.

Goloborodsky, B.

Goloborodsky, B., V. Ovchinnikov, and V. Semionkin, Long-Range Effects in the FePd2Au Alloy Under Ion Bombardment. Fusion Technol., 2001. 39(3 (May)).

Golubnichii, P. I.

Golubnichii, P.I., et al., A possible mechanism for cold nuclear fusion. J. Kratk. Soobshch. Fiz., 1989(6): p. 56 (In Russian).

Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Possible mechanism of cold nuclear fusion. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 307: p. 99 (in Russian).

Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Correlation between nuclear, acoustic, and electromagnetic emissions during the electrolytic saturation of palladium with deuterium. Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990(8): p. 31.

Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Detection of neutrons and tritium from solid palladium targets by electrolytic deuterium charging. Pis'ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(21): p. 46 (in Russian).

Golubnichii, P.I., et al. Observation of Nuclear Particles and Their Correlation with Acoustic and Electromagnetic Emission from Palladium Targets Loaded by Deuterium. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Golubnichii, P.I., et al. Recording of Neutron and Acoustic Emissions From Palladium Target in a Low-Background Underground Experiment. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Verification of the accelerator model for low-temperature nuclear fusion. Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990. 9: p. 16.

Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Correlated neutron and acoustic emission from a deuterium-saturated palladium target. JETP Lett., 1991. 53: p. 122.

Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Proton emission in low-temperature nuclear fusion. Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1991. 12: p. 6.

Goncharov, A. I.

Goncharov, A.I. and V.A. Kirkinskii. Theoretical Modeling Of Electron Flow Action On Probability Of Nuclear Fusion Of Deuterons. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Good, W. R.

Good, W.R., Comments on 'Calorimetry, excess heat, and Faraday efficiency in Ni-H2O electrolytic cells'. Fusion Technol., 1996. 30: p. 132.

Goods, S. H.

Goods, S.H. and S.E. Guthrie, Mechanical Properties of Palladium and Palladium Hydride. 1991.

Goodstein, D.

Goodstein, D., Pariah Science. Whatever Happened to Cold Fusion? The American Scholar, 1994. 63(4): p. 527.

Goodstein, D., Whatever Happened to Cold Fusion? Accountability Res., 2000. 8.

The article that follows was written in 1994, and first appeared in The American Scholar (vol. 63 p. 527).  In the three years since then much has happened, but little has changed.  There have been reports of increasingly reliable production of excess heat, and of the detection of 4He residue, and much more.  Nevertheless, the most remarkable fact remains that cold fusion has neither been accepted by mainstream science, nor has it withered away.  The general situation that the article describes still seems to be in place today.

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Goodwin, I.

Goodwin, I., Fusion in a Flask: Expert DOE Panel Throws Cold Water on Utah Discovery. Physics Today, 1989. December: p. 43.

Goon, E. J.

Goon, E.J., The Non-Stoichiometry of Lathanum Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959. 63: p. 2018.

Gorodetskii, V. G.

Gorodetskii, V.G., et al., Emission of neutrons and gamma quanta from palladium upon its saturation with deuterium in the gas phase. Fiz. Metal. Metalloved., 1991(7): p. 176 (in Russian).

Goryachev, I. V.

Goryachev, I.V. Abnormal results of experimenting with excited substances and interpretation of the discovered effects within the frames of the model of collective interactions. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

During a number of years there were carried out experiments to investigate interactions of excited substances with radiation, gravity and other kinds of fields. Converting atoms of the substances into excited state was fulfilled by means of bombarding the samples used with intensive beams of electrons with energy of 27 MeV and the accompanying bremsstrahlung generated by the electrons in the substances and intermediate targets.

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Goryachev, I.V. and Y. Bazhutov. Organization, current status and main results of Russian research in cold fusion and transmutation of chemical elements. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

We can not help remembering that in the Soviet Union investigations of a number of abnormal phenomena which later were related to the problem of Cold Nuclear Fusion were carried out long before Fleischmann and Pons announced their experiments at the American University of Utah.
 At present these kind of research works are widely carried on in Russia despite the absence of any state support and while part of the official scientific community remains skeptical.
 In total there are more than 30 groups of scientists engaged in research in this field in Russia . . .

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Goryachev, I.V. Registration of synthesis of 45Rh102 in media of excited nuclei of 28Ni58. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

For the purpose of searching for heavy nuclei generated in the result of low energy nuclear processes we used samples of 28Ni58 which were bombarded with 27 MeV electrons from the Resonance accelerator MI-30. The samples of nickel of 48 mm in diameter and 20 mm thick were irradiated with electrons to the level of absorbed energy of around 2.5 106 J/cm3 which is approximately 5 times exceeds the minimum specific energy at which as it followed from the authors’ theoretical model the process of generating transmuted elements will become quite noticeable.

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Gottesfeld, S.

Gottesfeld, S., et al. Experiments and Nuclear Measurements in Search of Cold Fusion Proceses. in Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989. Santa Fe, NM.

Gottesfeld, S., et al., Experiments and nuclear measurements in search of cold fusion processes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 287.

Gou, Q.

Gou, Q., Z. Zhu, and Q. Zhang, Possible mechanism of cold fusion and experimental research. Yuanzi Yu Fenzi Wuli Xuebao, 1990. 7: p. 1491 (in Chinese).

Gou, Q., Further discussion on the mechanism of cold fusion and cold fusion materials. Chin. J. At. Mol. Phys., 1998. 15(1): p. 7 (in Chinese).

Govorov, B. V.

Govorov, B.V., et al., Neutron Emission from Palladium Alloys Saturated with Deuterium. Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1990. 64(2): p. 287.

Gozzi, D.

Gozzi, D., et al., Neutron and Tritium Evidences in the Electrolytic Reduction of Deuterium on Pd Electrodes. 1989.

Gozzi, D., et al., Evidences for associated heat generation and nuclear products release in palladium heavy-water electrolysis. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. 103: p. 143.

Gozzi, D., et al. First Results from a Ten Electrolytic Cells Experiment. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Gozzi, D., et al., Nuclear and thermal effects during electrolytic reduction of deuterium at palladium cathode. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 241.

Gozzi, D., et al. Multicell Experiments for Searching Time-Related Events in Cold Fusion. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Gozzi, D., et al. Experiments with Global Detection of Cold Fusion Byproducts. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Gozzi, D., et al., Neutron and tritium evidence in the electrolytic reduction of deuterium on palladium electrodes. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 60.

Gozzi, D., et al. Excess Heat and Nuclear Product Measurements in Cold Fusion Electrochemical Cells. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Gozzi, D., et al. Helium-4 Quantitative Measurements in the Gas Phase of Cold Fusion Electrochemical Cells. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Gozzi, D., et al., Calorimetric and nuclear byproduct measurements in electrochemical confinement of deuterium in palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1995. 380: p. 91.

Gozzi, D., et al., Quantitative measurements of helium-4 in the gas phase of Pd + D2O electrolysis. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1995. 380: p. 109.

Gozzi, D., et al., Erratum to "X-ray, heat excess and 4He in the D/Pd system" [J. Electroanal. Chem. 435 (1997) 113]. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1998. 452: p. 251.

Gozzi, D., et al., X-ray, heat excess and 4He in the D/Pd system. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1998. 452: p. 251.

Abstract
The energy balance between heat excess and 4He in the gas phase has been found to be reasonably satisfied even if the low levels of ⁴He do not give the necessary confidence to state definitely that we are dealing with the fusion of deuterons to give ⁴He. In the melted cathode, the data of which are reported, no ⁴He was found at the achieved sensitivity. X-ray film, positioned at 50 mm from the cell, roughly gave the image of the cathode through spots. Extended considerations have been made to explain this evidence on the basis of the bundle nature of the cathode. From these considerations, the energy of the radiation and the total energy associated to it have been estimated as 89 keV and 12 kJ, respectively. This value is :0.5% of the energy measured by calorimetry in the same interval of time. The highest values of energy and excess power are 8.3 MJ and 10 W, respectively.

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Grabowski, K. S.

Grabowski, K.S., et al. Evaluation of the Claim of Transmutation of Cesium to Praseodymium with the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) Structure -- Part 1 (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

The MHI claim to transmute elements upon permeation of deuterium though a specific multilayer structure was carefully evaluated. Initially, an attempt was made to replicate the work at NRL in collaboration with MHI. When replication proved difficult, another set of experiments were conducted at MHI in three sets consisting of two control blanks and one positive foil (that should have transmuted Cesium to Praseodymium) per set. Foil samples were split for analysis at both NRL and MHI. Extensive analytical work was performed to characterize the foils and the blanks. When extracted at MHI, low nanogram amounts of Pr were found by ICP-MS on 3 of 3 foils that should have had Pr whereas the 6 controls were blank. Split solutions of these extracts were also tested independently at NRL and the presence of Pr was confirmed. The Pr found did not have the characteristic rare earth contamination expected if the Pr was from the environment and thus looked like it was produced in the experiment. Unfortunately, we could not find Pr at NRL (even at trace levels) on our split foil samples no matter what extraction method was employed. After considering and evaluating several unlikely scenarios for these disparate results, we visited MHI and participated in the extraction process on new foils. These extracts were blank when tested at both laboratories. Environmental samples were obtained at various locations where samples were handled. Pr was found in large amounts at one location used in sample preparation and this Pr had the signature of pure material rather than an inadvertent contaminate. No record of how it got there could be established. Other rare and characteristic impurities also were found in the extracts from MHI that were present in the laboratory environment. Thus, we concluded that the transmutation of Cs to Pr when deuterium permeated MHI’s multilayer structure could not be firmly established, as contamination during the foil production or during the foil analysis could not be ruled-out. The design of the replication experiments, the lessons learned, and the results will be discussed.

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Graesjo, L.

Graesjo, L. and M. Seo, Measurement of absorption of hydrogen and deuterium into palladium during electrolysis by a quartz crystal microbalance. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 296: p. 233.

Granada, J. R.

Granada, J.R., et al. Neutron Measurements on (Pd-D2O) Electrolytic Cells Under Pulsed Current Conditions. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Granada, J.R., et al., Neutron measurements on electrolytic cells (Pd-D2O) performed under very low background conditions. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27(4): p. 379.

Granada, J.R., et al., Thermal neutron measurements on electrolytic cells with deuterated palladium cathodes subjected to a pulsed current. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27(3): p. 30.

Graneau, P.

Graneau, P. and N. Graneau, The role of Ampere forces in nuclear fusion. Phys. Lett. A, 1992. 165: p. 1.

Graneau, P. and N. Graneau, Ampere force calculation for filament fusion experiments. Phys. Lett. A, 1993. 174: p. 421.

Granite, E.

Granite, E. and J. Jorne, A novel method for studying electrochemically induced cold fusion using a deuteron-conducting solid electrolyte. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 317: p. 285.

Grant, P. M.

Grant, P.M., et al., Hydrocarbon oil found in the interior of a 'cold fusion' electrolysis cell after fatal explosion. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 207.

Grant, P.M., R.E. Whipple, and B.D. Andresen, Comprehensive forensic analyses of debris from the fatal explosion of a 'cold fusion' electrochemical cell. J. Forensic Sci., 1995. 40: p. 18.

Grant, P.M., et al., Search for evidence of nuclear involvement in the fatal explosion of a 'cold fusion' experiment. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1995. 193: p. 165.

Grant, P.

Grant, P., Author response:" (to the polemic by E.S. Shanley, ibid, same page). Chem. Health & Saf., 1995. 2(2): p. 4.

Grant, P., et al., Advanced techniques in physical forensic science. Physics Today, 1998: p. 32.

Greber, T.

Greber, T., et al. Cold Fusion Experiments in Fribourg. in Understanding Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989.

Green, B. A.

Green, B.A., High-yields assisted fusion from heavy-quasiparticle production in Ti with a D/O welder. 1997.

Green, B.A., Quantitative determination of high-Tc superconductivity from the lattice polarization, structure effect and approach. Phys. Lett. A, 1997. 227: p. 372.

Green, J. A. S.

Green, J.A.S. and F.A. Lewis, Overvoltage Component at Palladized Cathodes of Palladium and Palladium Alloys Prior to and During Bubble Evolution. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1964. 60: p. 2234.

Green, T. A.

Green, T.A. and T.I. Quickenden, Electrolytic preparation of highly loaded deuterides of palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994. 368: p. 121.

Green, T.A. and T.I. Quickenden, Calorimetric studies of highly loaded deuterides and hydrides of palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1995. 389: p. 91.

Green, T.A. and D. Britz, Kinetics of the deuterium and hydrogen evolution reactions at palladium in alkaline solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1996. 412: p. 59.

Greenland, T.

Greenland, T., Numbers off an envelope. Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 16.

Greenland, T., Issues connected with cold fusion: a room temperature mechanism for the production of x-rays. J. Phys B, 1990. 23: p. 1679.

Greiner, W.

Greiner, W. and A. Sandulescu, New Radioactivities. Sci. Am., 1990. March: p. 58.

Griessen, R.

Griessen, R. and D.G. deGroot, Effect of anharmonicity and Debye-Waller Factor on the Superconductivity of PdHx and PdDx. Helv. Phys. Acta, 1982. 55: p. 699.

Griggs, J. L.

Griggs, J.L. A Brief Introduction to the Hydrosonic Pump and the Associated "Excess Energy" Phenomenon. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Grimshaw, T.

Grimshaw, T. Open Source Science Applied to CMNS Research: A Paradigm for Enhancing Cold Fusion Prospects and the Public Interest. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Open Source Science (OSSc) is a collaborative, voluntary (uncompensated) and highly distributed method of research that emphasizes the power of new digital technologies, particularly the Internet. The OSSc paradigm grew out of the open source software movement of the last 20 years, which has resulted in wide availability of free software (such as the Linux operating system) as an alternative to proprietary software products. In many respects, OSSc represents a return to the concept that scientific research results are a public good rather than a proprietary product -- an attitude clearly articulated in the 1940s by Robert Merton, the “father” of the sociology of science.

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Grimshaw, T. Public Interest and Level-of-Evidence Considerations in Cold Fusion Public Policy (PowerPoint slides). in American Physical Society Meeting. 2008. New Orleans.

Public Policy toward
Cold Fusion: Approach
1. Focus on the Public Interest in Cold Fusion
2. Assess CF policy in Evidence-Based framework
3. Delineate 5 Levels of Evidence in rational framework
4. Consider evidence of CF specifically

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Groenlund, F.

Groenlund, F., Electrolysis in calorimetry. J. Thermal Anal., 1992. 38: p. 229.

Grotz, T.

Grotz, T., Investigation of reports of the synthesis of iron via arc discharge through carbon compounds. J. New Energy, 1996. 1(3): p. 106.

Gruber, J.

Gruber, J., "Cold Fusion" and space energy technology. 1996.

Gryaznov, V. M.

Gryaznov, V.M., et al., Palladium Alloys as Hydrogen Permeable Catalysts in Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions. J. Less-Common Met., 1983. 89: p. 529.

Gryzinski, M.

Gryzinski, M., Cold fusion: what's going on? Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 712.

Gryzinski, M., Low-temperature fusion of light nuclei in the Fleischmann-Pons reaction. Inz. Aparat. Chem., 1989. 28(5): p. 3 (in Polish).

Gryzinski, M. Theory of Electron Catalyzed Fusion in Pd Lattice. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Gu, A. G.

Gu, A.G., et al., Preliminary experimental study on cold fusion using deuterium gas and deuterium plasma in the presence of palladium. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 248.

Gu, A.G., et al., Experimental study on cold fusion using deuterium gas and deuterium ion beam with palladium. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 329.

Guggeler, H. W.

Guggeler, H.W., et al., Cold Fusion Reactions with 48Ca. Nucl. Phys. A, 1989. 502: p. 561c.

Guilinger, T. R.

Guilinger, T.R., et al., Investigation of Fusion Reactions in Palladium and Titanium Tritide Using Galvanostatic, Coulometric, and Hydrogen Permeation Techniques. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 299.

Guinan, M. W.

Guinan, M.W., G.F. Chaplin, and R.W. Moir, Catalysis of Deuterium Fusion in Metal Hydrides by Cosmic Ray Muons. 1989: Los Alamos.

Gulko, A. G.

Gulko, A.G., The Mechanism of Cold Fusion. Infinite Energy, 2001. 7(40): p. 52.

Gupta, M.

Gupta, M. and J.P. Burger, The electronic structure and its relationship to superconductivity in NiH. J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., 1980. 10: p. 2649.

Gupta, S. D.

Gupta, S.D. and J.K. Jacobs, Process and apparatus for generating high density hydrogen in a matrix. 1991: US patent # 4,986,887.

Gur, T. M.

Gur, T.M., et al. Experimental Considerations in Electrochemical Isoperibolic Calorimetry. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Gur, T.M., et al. Experimental Considerations Involved in the Generation of Excess Power as a Result of the Electrochemical Insertion of Hydrogen and Deuterium in Palladium. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

Gur, T.M., et al., An isoperibolic calorimeter to study electrochemical insertion of deuterium into palladium. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 487.

Gurrath, M.

Gurrath, M., et al., Palladium Catalysts on Activated Carbon Supports, Influence of Reduction Temperature, Origin of the Support and Pretreatments of the Carbon Surface. Carbon, 2000. 38: p. 1241.

Guruswamy, S.

Guruswamy, S. and M.E. Wadsworth. Metallurgical Aspects in Cold Fusion Experiments. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Deuterium loading of palladium cathodes in Pons-Fleischmann type electrolytic cells has been observed to result in generation of excess heat on several occasions. Metallurgical examination of some of the electrodes showed extensive damage associated with deuterium loading. Surfaces have been found to be covered with large number of impurities. Initiation and sustaining these heat bursts, monitoring of nuclear products and materials aspects of these electrolytic cells have been the focus of our current efforts. As D/Pd loading appear to be critical, the measurement of deuterium loading using dilatometry as a function of current density, surface and heat treatment of the cathode and poisoning are currently being investigated.

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Guthrie, S. E.

Guthrie, S.E., Helium Effects on Palladium Hydride Equilibrium Properties. 1990.

Gygax, F. N

Gygax, F.N. and A. Schenck, Local Hydrogen Arrangement Around the µ+ in a PdH0.74 Single Crystal. Hyperfine Interactions, 1986. 31: p. 75.

Hagans, P. L.

Hagans, P.L., D.D. Dominguez, and M.A. Imam. Surface composition of Pd cathodes. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

ABSTRACT
 Results will be presented for the surface analyses of cathodes before and after electrolysis using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Composition as a function of depth was obtained by employing argon ion sputtering to gradually erode away the surface. Although most of the emphasis will be on Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Pd (i.e., Johnson Matthey high purity sponge processed into rod and plate at NRL), data will also be presented from other Pd sources and from reported excess heat-producing cathodes provided by SRI International and NAWC, Naval Air Warfare Center at China Lake, CA. XPS results will be compared with bulk sample cathode and anode analyses obtained by Glow Discharge Mass Spectroscopy (GDMS) and with electrolyte solution analyses obtained by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy.

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Hage, H.

Hage, H., Boundary conditions in electrochemical measurements of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in a-palladium. Materials Transactions JIM, 1990. 31(10): p. 842.

Hagelstein, P. L.

Hagelstein, P.L., A Simple Model for Coherent D-D Fusion in the Presence of a Lattice. 1989.

Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent Fusion Theory. in Winter Annual Meeting of Am. Soc. Mechan. Eng. 1989. San Francisco, CA,.

Hagelstein, P.L., Phonon Interactions in Coherent Fusion. 1989.

Hagelstein, P.L., Rates for Neutron and Tritium Production in Coherent D-D Fusion. 1989.

Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent Fusion Mechanisms. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Hagelstein, P.L., Coherent fusion theory. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 451.

Hagelstein, P.L. Status of Coherent Fusion Theory. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent and Semi-coherent Neutron Transfer Reactions. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Hagelstein, P.L., Coherent and semicoherent neutron transfer reactions I: The interaction Hamiltonian. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 172.

Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent and Semi-Coherent Neutron Transfer Reactions. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Hagelstein, P.L., Coherent and semicoherent neutron transfer reactions III: Phonon frequency shifts. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 353.

Hagelstein, P.L. Lattice-Induced Atomic and Nuclear Reactions. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Hagelstein, P.L. and S. Kaushik. Neutron Transfer Reactions. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Ma: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Hagelstein, P.L., Summary of ICCF3 in Nagoya, Feb. 16, 1993. 1993.

Abstract
We review highlights of the international cold fusion conference that was held recently in Nagoya, Japan. Excess heat results in heavy water electrolysis experiments constitute the observations with the most important potential applications. Experiments in gas phase systems exhibit fast particle and gamma emission that make progress toward elucidating mechanisms. The evidence in support of a light water heat effect has improved.

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Hagelstein, P.L. Update on Neutron Transfer Reactions. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Hagelstein, P.L. Anomalous Energy Transfer between Nuclei and the Lattice. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Hagelstein, P.L. Anomalous Energy Transfer. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Hagelstein, P.L. A Unified Model for Anomalies in Metal Deuterides. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Hagelstein, P.L. A unified model for anomalies in metal deuterides. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 Nuclear reactions in a lattice are described using an extension of the resonating group method to include the lattice explicitly.  Phonon exchange during fusion and dissociation reactions is predicted   Second-order site-other-site reactions are predicted under conditions where the reactions at each site exchange phonons with a common phonon mode.  The null reaction in which a dd-fusion at one site is coupled to 4He dissociation at another site is modeled.  Coupled-channel equations are developed for the two-site problem, as an illustration of the application of the lattice resonating group method. We have proposed previously that there should exist compact state solutions of the coupled-channel equations, as the associated exchange potential can be attractive.  Such states have been proposed to account for the Kasagi effect, and to provide a foundation for many of the anomalies that are seen in metal deuterides.  Our analysis of the two-site system suggests so far has not yielded compact state solutions.  Preliminary results for the many-site problem are presented, which leads to evidence in support of the stability of the compact states, and which leads to a new overall picture for the anomalies.

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Hagelstein, P.L. Forward. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

The Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion was held at the Royal Sonesta Hotel in Cambridge, about a mile from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, August 24-29, 2003. More than 150 people registered for the conference. There were 113 abstracts submitted prior to the conference, and several talks were added during the conference. About 60 oral presentations were scheduled with 25 minutes allowed for most talks. All oral presentations were given in the main hall, and there were no parallel sessions. Abstracts were submitted for talks on excess heat and related topics, tritium, transmutation, nuclear emissions, theory, and a small number of other topics. . . .

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Hagelstein, P.L. Resonant Tunneling and Resonant Excitation Transfer. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Issues involved in the tunneling of deuterons in metal deuterides are considered in relation to experimental claims of anomalies in metal deuterides. From earlier studies, screening is thought to be similar to the case of molecular D₂. Resonant tunneling has been advocated in the literature as a possible mechanism to achieve tunneling enhancements. We develop a two-level system for a piecewise constant potential model for resonant tunneling that matches the energy levels in the vicinity of a level crossing, arguing that such models are applicable for more general potential models. Resonant tunneling effects and dynamics, including acceleration due to coherence, are accounted for in the model. The model is extended to include relaxation effects, and it is found that one would not expect to find coherent effects associated with tunneling in the case of two deuterons in a metal lattice. We present a simple model for the transfer of excitation from a collection of deuterons to a collection of helium nuclei, a model closely related to resonant tunneling and also to new phonon-coupled SU(N) models under development. The excitation transfer models show coherent enhancements as well as collective effects.

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Hagelstein, P.L. Thermal to Electric Energy Conversion. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

As research in the area of excess power production moves forward, issues associated with thermal to electric conversion become increasingly important. This paper provides a brief tutorial on basic issues, including the Carnot limit, entropy, and thermoelectric conversion. Practical thermal to electric conversion is possible well below the Carnot limit, and this leads to a high threshold for self-sustaining operation in Pons-Fleischmann type experiments. Excess power production at elevated temperatures will become increasingly important as we move toward self-sustaining devices and energy production for applications. Excess power production in heatproducing systems that do not require electrical input have an enormous advantage over electrochemical systems. Such systems should be considered seriously within our community in the coming years.

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Hagelstein, P.L. Unified Phonon-Coupled SU(N) Models For Anomalies In Metal Deuterides. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

We present a systematic, but abbreviated, account of issues and models for anomalies in metal deuterides. To interact, deuterons must get close to one another, and we consider conditions under which this occurs and the ramifications. Within the general picture under discussion, anomalies are ultimately a consequence of phonon exchange that occurs when nuclear reactions take place in the solid state. We review the generalization of the resonating group method for reactions in vacuum to include solid state effects, and discuss implications for experiment. Phonon exchange in the case of a much simplified scalar Gaussian nuclear model is reviewed. The coupling of reactions at different sites is explored, and connections are made with recent experiments on alpha emission. The fastest site-other-site reactions are null reactions in which fusion reactions and their inverses are coupled. A consideration of these processes leads to the conclusion that compact states should be present stabilized by phonon exchange, and that these may be responsible for anomalies in recent beam experiments with metal deuterides. Energy exchange between nuclei and the lattice can be very efficient, according to results from idealized models for null reactions involving many sites. Aspects of excess heat production and other effects appear to be addressed by the new models.

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Hagelstein, P.L., et al. New Physical Effects in Metal Deuterides. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

The experimental evidence for anomalies in metal deuterides, including excess heat and nuclear emissions, suggests the existence of new physical effects.

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Hagelstein, P.L. Models for anomalies in condensed matter deuterides. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Models based on phonon exchange for excess heat production in Fleischmann-Pons experiments are considered. In the case that sufficient phonon exchange occurs to stabilize intermediate states containing a neutral, then a model in which excitation is transferred from the D₂/⁴He system to a strongly coupled quantum system made up of an oscillator (highly-excited phonon mode) and a Dicke system (ground state and excited state receiver nuclei) seem appropriate. We find that a coupled Dicke system and oscillator can support energy coupling in the case of strong coupling. We present evolution equations for resonant coupled Dicke systems, augmented with loss. An update is provided on phonon exchange in nuclear calculations.

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Hagelstein, P.L., et al. A Theoretical Formulation for Problems in Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Hagelstein, P.L. and I. Chaudhary. Excitation transfer and energy exchange processes for modeling the Fleischmann-Pons excess heat effect. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

The absence of energetic particles commensurate with the energy produced is the single most notable feature of the Fleischmann-Pons experiment for theory, assuming that a new nuclear process is involved.  We discuss briefly energy exchange between two-level systems and a low energy oscillator, concluding that spin-boson models augmented with loss are able to describe coherent energy exchange involving a large number of oscillator quanta.  Since the coupling between deuterons and the lattice is weak, the excitation must be transferred to a different system with stronger coupling, in order to develop a simple model relevant for heat production.  The resulting toy model can be used for simulation, and we describe briefly ongoing efforts to develop a computational model.

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Hagelstein, P.L., M.E. Melich, and R. Johnson. Input To Theory From Experiment In The Fleischmann-Pons Effect. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Excess heat in the Flesichmann-Pons effect constitutes a new physical effect unlike other physical processes with which we are familiar. Many groups have proposed theoretical mechanisms to account for the effect, but at present none has been generally accepted. This motivates us to review what experiment tells us about theory. There exists a relatively large body of experimental results, and it is possible to connect many of these individual results to theoretical statements, which might then be used as the basis for the development of new theoretical models.

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Hagelstein, P.L. and I. Chaudhary, Models Relevant to Excess Heat Production in Fleischmann-Pons Experiments, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 249-267.

Hagelstein, P.L. and I. Chaudhary. Modeling excess heat in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Theoretical problem
Although many more results available from experiment, we have enough so far to pose the key theory problem:
How to split up a large delta E quantum into lots of small quanta?
The major implication of the Fleischmann-Pons experiment is that this is possible and occurs in energy production

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Hagelstein, P.L., D. Letts, and D. Cravens. Progress on two-laser experiments (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Goal: to see if Pxs responds to the beat frequency
* In previous years Letts and Cravens showed that a laser could trigger excess heat
* Hope was that two lasers might trigger excess heat
* If so, then could study the dependence of excess heat on the difference frequency
* Possible method to see whether optical phonons involved

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Hagi, H.

Hagi, H., Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in palladium films prepared by RF sputtering. Materials Transactions JIM, 1990. 31(11): p. 954.

Hajdas, W.

Hajdas, W., et al., Search for cold fusion events. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72: p. 309.

Hale, G. M.

Hale, G.M., R.D. Smith, and T.L. Talley, Nuclear reactions and screened-Coulomb fusion rates. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 187.

Hale, G.M. and T.L. Talley. Deuteron-Induced Fusion in Various Environments. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Halley, J. W.

Halley, J.W. and J.L. Valles, Estimate of nuclear fusion rates arising from a molecular-dynamics model of palladium deuteride. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41(9): p. 6072.

Hanawa, T

Hanawa, T. X-ray Spectroscropic Analysis of Carbon Arc Products in Water. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Handel, P.

Handel, P. Influence of Surface Tension, Nucleation Centers, and Electron Effective Mass on the Achievable Level of Electrolytic Deuterium Loading. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Handel, P., Intermittency, irreproducibility, and the main physical effects in cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 512.

Handel, P. Reformulation of the Cold Fusion Problem: Heterogeneous Nucleation - A Likely Cause of the Irreproducibility and Intermittency of Cold Fusion Observations. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Handel, P. Subtraction of a New Thermo-Electromechanical Effect from the Excess Heat, and the Emerging Avenues to Cold Fusion. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Handel, P., Thermoelectric excess heat effect in electrolytic cells. Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 1994. 95: p. 489.

Hanksworth, M. R.

Hanksworth, M.R. and J.P.G. Farr, Cold Neutron Radiography of Hydrogenated Palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1981. 119: p. 49.

Hansen, L. D.

Hansen, L.D., et al., COOPERATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ANOMALOUS EFFECTS IN Pd/LiOD ELECTROLYTIC CELLS. 1995.

Hansen, L.D., S.E. Jones, and D.S. Shelton, A response to hydrogen + oxygen recombination and related heat generation in undivided electrolysis cells. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1998. 447: p. 225.

Hansen, W. N.

Hansen, W.N. Report to the Utah State Fusion/Energy Council on the Analysis of Selected Pons Fleischmann Calorimetric Data. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Here is reported my analysis of a series of electrochemical experiments run by Pons and Fleischmann, P/F. This series produced some remarkable results which were revealed only through a careful analysis.

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Hansen, W.N. and M.E. Melich. Pd/D Calorimetry- The Key to the F/P Effect and a Challenge to Science. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Abstract
The main issue before this conference can be stated as a simple question:
Question #1: Can large amounts of heat be generated at a significant rate by Pd/D interaction as announced by Fleischmann and Pons?
By now there have been many experimental results claiming to answer “yes” and which force us to take that possibility very seriously. As used here the “large amounts” are much larger than can possibly be explained by chemistry or metallurgy as known today. Up to now the only practical way of answering this question is by Pd/D calorimetry. . . .

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Hansen, W.N. and M.E. Melich, Pd/D Calorimetry- The Key to the F/P Effect and a Challenge to Science. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 355.

Hansen, W.N., G. Hansen, and D. Glenn. Analysis of Some Electrochemical Calorimetry Data. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

To demonstrate our techniques for analyzing the calorimetric data of an electrochemical cell, we use three sets of data taken at the NEH laboratory in Sapporo, Japan, copies of which were kindly given to us by Dr. Melvin Miles who was personally involved in their taking.

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Hanson, A. O.

Hanson, A.O. and J.L. McKibben, A Neutron Detector Having Uniform Sensitivity from 10 Kev to 3 MeV. Phys. Rev., 1947. 72(8): p. 673.

Harb, J. N.

Harb, J.N., W.G. Pitt, and H.D. Tolley, Statistical analysis of neutron burst size and rate during electrolysis of LiOD solutions. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 669.

Hargitai, C.

Hargitai, C., Considerations on cold nuclear fusion in palladium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1989. 137(1): p. 17.

Hargrave, C.

Hargrave, C., Cold Fusion: A Glimpse into the Future. Share International, 1992. 11: p. 17.

Harith, M. A.

Harith, M.A., et al., Theoretical and experimental studies on the cold nuclear fusion phenomena". Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 704.

Hasegawa, H.

Hasegawa, H. and K. Nakajima, Effect of Hydrogen on the Mechanical Properties of Pd. J. Phys. F, 1979. 9(6): p. 1035.

Hasegawa, N.

Hasegawa, N., et al. Observation of Excess Heat during Electrolysis of 1 M LiOD in a Fuel Cell Type Closed Cell. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Hasegawa, N., et al. Observation of Excess Heat during Electrolysis of 1 M LiOD in a Fuel Cell Type Closed Cell. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Hasegawa, N., et al. Observation of Excess Heat During Electrolysis of 1M LiOD in a Fuel Cell Type Closed Cell. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Abstract
 Measurements of electrolytic deuterium loading into Pd and Pd-Rh alloy cathodes and excess heat during electrolysis in 1M LiOD have been conducted simultaneously in closed cells with a fuel cell anode pressurized by deuterium gas. The excess heat up to 4-5W/Pd cc has been reproduced by using Pd rod cathodes from various sources. Excess heat increases with electrolysis current density higher than ca. 0.1-0.2 A/cm2, cathode overvoltage and D/Pd higher than 0.80-0.84, but its dependence on D/Pd or D/M appears to be specific to each cathode material in the region of high cathode loading, where the current density or overvoltage appears to be a more important parameter to control the amount of excess heat than the cathode loading.

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Hasegawa, N., et al. Electrolytic Deuterium Absorption by Pd Cathode and a Consideration for High D/Pd Ratio. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Hassam, A B.

Hassam, A.B. and A.N. Dharamsi, Deuterium molecule in the presence of electronic charge concentrations: implications for cold fusion. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1989. 40(11): p. 6689.

Haug, A.

Haug, A. and H. Hoegaasen, Sonoluminescence in heavy water. Phys. Scr., 1996. 54: p. 197.

Hawkins, N.

Hawkins, N., et al. Investigations of Mechanisms and Occurrence of Meteorologically Triggered Cold Fusion at The Chinese Academy of Sciences. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Hawkins, N., Possible natural cold fusion in the atmosphere. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 2112.

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Hayden, M.E., et al., High precision calorimetric search for evidence of cold fusion using in situ catalytic recombination of evolved gases. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 161.

He, J.

He, J., et al. A Study on Anomalous Nuclear Fusion Reaction by Using a HV Pulse Discharge. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

He, J., et al., Study of anomalous nuclear fusion reaction by using HV pulse discharge. Chin. Phys. Lett., 1993. 10(11): p. 652.

He, J., Nuclear fusion inside condense matters. Front. Phys. China, 2007. 1: p. 96-102.

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Heming, G., Cold Fusion In search of Infinite Energy. MURJ 2001. 4: p. 63-67.

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Hemmes, H., B.M. Geerken, and R. Griessen, Contribution of optical phonons to the thermal expansion of PdHx and a'-PdDx. J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., 1984. 14: p. 2923.

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Henderson, R.A., et al., More searches for cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 475.

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Henis, Z., S. Eliezer, and A. Zigler, Cold nuclear fusion rates in condensed matter: a phenomenological analysis. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 1989. 15: p. L219.

Herbst, H.

Herbst, H., Ist der Aufbau des Heliums aus Wasserstoff gelungen? (Was the production of helium from hydrogen succesful?). Chemiker-Zeitung, 1926. 50: p. 905 (in German).

Herrero, C.

Herrero, C. and F.D. Manchester, Location of the Low Temperature Resistivity Anomaly in Pd-D. Phys. Lett. A, 1981. 86: p. 29.

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Herrmann, G., Five Decades Ago: From the "Transuranics" to Nuclear Fission. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1990. 29: p. 481.

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Herzog, R.F., Fusion in a Solid: A Pump Primer, in Phys. Today. 1990. p. 120.

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Hietschold, M., Electric field control for cold nuclear fusion? - a suggestion. Wiss. Z. TU Karl-Marx-Stadt, 1989. 31: p. 635.

Higashiyama, Y.

Higashiyama, Y., et al. Replication of MHI transmutation experiment by D2 gas permeation through Pd complex. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Unusual nuclear transmutation reactions have been reported by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). In their experiment, D₂ gas permeates through a Pd complexes, which consists of a thin Pd layer, alternating CaO and Pd layers and bulk Pd. When they used sample Pd complexes with additional Cs on the surface, Pr emerged on the surface while Cs decreased after the sample was subjected to D₂ gas permeation at 343 K and 1 atm for about one week. The elemental analysis was performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This phenomenon was reproduced qualitatively in the present replication experiment.
 We performed D-permeation experiments similar to the MHI’s experiment three times, and we confirmed the production of Pr. Pd complex samples were provided to us by MHI. The surface was electrolytically cleaned to remove hydrocarbons before depositing Cs. D₂ gas was permeated through the Pd complexes at 343 K and 1 atm for about 5 days. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was performed to analyze the existence of the elements (Cs and Pr) and the mass distribution. The results showed the existence of Pr. And we also confirmed the existence of Pr by using fast Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) in Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI).
 As a result, we confirmed that the nuclear transmutation reaction, from ¹³³Cs to ¹⁴¹Pr, was occurred. This transmutation suggests that the mass numbers and atomic numbers increase 8 and 4, respectively. The model of multi-body resonance fusion of deuterons proposed by A. Takahashi² can explain this mass-8-and-charge-4 increased transmutation.

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Hill, J. C.

Hill, J.C., et al., Search for cold fusion using Pd-D2O cells and Ti-D mixtures. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 305.

Hioki, T.

Hioki, T., et al. Influence of Deuterium Gas Permeation on Surface Elemental Change of Sr-88 Ion-Implanted Pd and Pd/CaO multi-layer system in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

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Hirabayashi, T., Y. Yoshida, and Y. Aradono, Verification of room temperature nuclear fusion. 2. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1991. 37(4): p. 31 (in Japanese).

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Hirooka, Y., M. Miyake, and T. Sano, A Study of Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption By Titanium. J. Nucl. Mater., 1981. 96: p. 227.

Ho, N. S.

Ho, N.S. and F.D. Manchester, The Electrical Resistivity of Palladium-Hydrogen and Palladium-Deuterium Alloys between 4 and 300 K. Can. J. Phys., 1968. 46: p. 1341.

Hoare, J. P.

Hoare, J.P. and S. Schuldiner, Mechanisms of hydrogen producing reactions on palladium. III. Hydrogen overvoltage on the polarization and diffusion sides of a cathode-diagram. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1956. 103(4): p. 237.

Hoare, J.P., S. Schuldiner, and G.W. Castellan, Electrochemical behavior of the palladium-hydrogen system(III). Gas-charged palladium alloys. J. Chem. Phys., 1958. 28: p. 22.

Hodgkinson, N.

Hodgkinson, N., Nuclear Confusion, in The Sunday Times (UK). 1993: LondonEditor.

Hodko, D.

Hodko, D. and J. Bockris, Possible excess tritium production on Pd codeposited with deuterium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1993. 353: p. 33.

Hoffman, N. J.

Hoffman, N.J., Book Review of Taubes Book. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 225.

Hoffman, N.

Hoffman, N., A Dialogue on Chemically Induced Nuclear Effects. A Guide for the Perplexed about Cold Fusion. 1995, La Grange Park, Ill: American Nuclear Society.

Hoffmann, B.

Hoffmann, B., H. Baumann, and F. Rauch, Hydrogen Uptake by Palladium-Implanted Titanium Studied by NRA and RBS. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 1989. 15: p. 361.

Holleck, G. L.

Holleck, G.L. and T.B. Flanagan, The mechanism for the isotopic exchange between deuterium and acidic solutions on palladium surfaces. J. Phys. Chem., 1967. 71: p. 3110.

Holst-Hansen, P.

Holst-Hansen, P. and D. Britz, Can current fluctuations account for the excess heat claims of Fleischmann and Pons? J. Electroanal. Chem., 1995. 388: p. 11.

Hongyu, Z.

Hongyu, Z., et al. Some Results on Cold Fusion Research. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Hora, H.

Hora, H., et al., Plasma and surface tension model for explaining the surface effect of tritium generation at cold fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. 12D(3): p. 393.

Hora, H., et al. Surface Models for Cold Fusion and the Possibilities of Multilayered Cells for Energy Production. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

Hora, H., et al., Screening in cold fusion derived from D-D reactions. Phys. Lett. A, 1993. 175: p. 138.

Hora, H. and J.A. Patterson, The d and p reactions in low-energy nuclear fusion, transmutation, and fission. Trans. Amer. Nucl. Soc., 1996. 76: p. 144.

Hora, H., J.C. Kelly, and G.H. Miley, Energy gain and nuclear transmutation by low-energy p- or d-reaction in metal lattices. Infinite Energy, 1997. 2(12): p. 48.

Hora, H., Magic numbers and low energy nuclear transmutation by protons in host metals. Czech. J. Phys., 1998. 48(3): p. 321.

Hora, H. and G.H. Miley, New magic numbers from low energy nuclear transmutations predict element (306)X(126) for compound reactions. Czech. J. Phys., 1998. 48: p. 1111.

Hora, H., et al. Nuclear Shell Magic Numbers Agree With Measured Transmutation by Low-Energy Reactions. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Hora, H., et al., Proton-metal reactions in thin films with Boltzmann distribution similar to nuclear astrophysics. Fusion Technol., 1999. 36: p. 331.

Hora, H. and G.H. Miley, Heavy nuclide synthesis by neutrons in astrophysics and by screened protons in host metals. Czech. J. Phys., 2000. 50: p. 433.

Hora, H., G.H. Miley, and J. Kelly. Low Energy Nuclear Reactions of Protons in Host Metals. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Hora, H., et al. Shrinking of hydrogen atoms in host metals by dielectric effects and Inglis-Teller depression of ionization potentials. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
        Conversion of deuterium to tritium in palladium has been clearly confirmed by the Arata-Zhang experiments. Endothermic element synthesis in Pd. and/or Ni layers due to high proton concentration, in analogy to stellar synthesis can be seen from the generation of very rare elements such as terbium. A convincing explanation is necessary. It was concluded phenomenologically that the reaction of the protons or deuterons by fusion or with the nuclei of the host metal occurs at a distance of about picometers with a reaction time of about megaseconds. It was noted that the Bohr radius rB of hydrogen atoms in a dielectric with refractive index n is changed to rBn2. such that with the electron concentration of the host metals a plasma refractive index of 0.076 results in a value of 3pm. In order to understand the subsequent dielectric modification of the ionization energy, we apply the model of depression of this energy by the Inglis-Teller effect for which a model with the best agreement with plasma experiments was presented before. For our model of the dielectrically shrunk picometer hydrogen atoms, the low ionization energies result in a reasonable relation between dielectric properties and the effective Debye length. Preference of the reaction at surfaces or interfaces between different host metals are due to the same reduction of the dielectric response as observed with surface plasmons. For the swimming electron layer theory, the spreading of the double layer for metal interfaces was discussed.

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Hora, H. Summary about theoretical results of the 9th international conference on cold fusion. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

For summarizing theoretical papers of the ICCF9 conference, a short reminder should be given about some significant experimental results that can form a basis for a theory of low energy nuclear reactions (LENR). For a more historic view, the motivation for the Fleischmann-Pons experiment or the Preparata effect were well explained while-as an unusual view-L. Case reported that experiments may be understood by a simple chemical process involving catalytic surface properties. This could also explain why heat production happens in some cases and not in other cases. Contrary to this is the history of the observation of neutron emission from palladium compounds [1] or from deuterated palladium [2] that indicate nuclear processes. Today we have the significant result of Tian, Li et al [3] that the reaction of palladium wires after reacting with a hydrogen atmosphere during a current discharge, when the energy input was stopped and the gas evacuated, generated “heat after dead” for 43 hours producing about 3.6kW/cm3 or 13 keV/atom Pd . . .

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Hora, H., et al. Low Energy Nuclear Reactions resulting as picometer interactions with similarity to K-shell electron capture. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Since the appeal by Brian Josephson at the meeting of the Nobel Laureates July 2004, it seems to be indicated to summarize the following serious, reproducible and confirmed observations on reactions of protons or deuterons incorporated in host metals such as palladium. Some reflections to Rutherford’s discovery of nuclear physics, the Cockroft-Oliphant discovery of anomalous low energy fusion reactions and the chemist Hahn’s discovery of fission had to be included. Using gaseous atmosphere or discharges between palladium targets, rather significant results were seen e.g. from the “life after death” heat production of such high values per host atom that only nuclear reactions can be involved. This supports the earlier evaluation of neutron generation in fully reversible experiments with gas discharges hinting that a reasonable screening effect – preferably in the swimming electron layer – may lead to reactions at nuclear distances d of picometers with reaction probability times U of about megaseconds similar to the K-shell capture radioactivity. Further electrolytic experiments led to Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR) where the involvement of pollution could be excluded from the appearance of very seldom rare earth elements. A basically new theory for DD cross sections is used to confirm the picometer-megasecond reactions of cold fusion. Other theoretical aspects are given from measured heavy element distributions similar to the standard abundance distribution, SAD, in the Universe with consequences on endothermic heavy nuclei generation, magic numbers and to quark-gluon plasmas.

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Hora, H. and G.H. Miley, Maruhn–Greiner Maximum of Uranium Fission for Confirmation of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions LENR via a Compound Nucleus with Double Magic Numbers. J. Fusion Energy, 2007. 26: p. 349-355.

Hora, H., G.H. Miley, and K. Philberth. Radiochemical Observations for Comparison of Uranium Fission with Low Energy Nuclear Reactions LENR. in American Physical Society Meeting. 2008. New Orleans.

The discovery of nuclear fission by Hahn and Straßmann was based on a very rare microanalytical result what initially could not indicate the very complicated details of this most important process. A similarity is discussed for the low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) being proved from analogies of measurements of uranium fission. The distribution of the elements with uranium fission is similar to the element distribution with LENR. This was observed repeatedly and reproducibly with high density deuteron concentration in palladium. This discussion is specifically focussed to the Maruhn-Greiner local maximum of the distribution within the large-scale minimum if the fission nuclei are excited. The consequences of the complications in uranium fission are discussed in comparison with LENR with respect to the studies of a hypothetical fissioning compound nuclear reaction via a concluded element ³⁰⁶X₁₂₆ with double magic numbers.

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Hora, H., et al., Quark-Gluon Model for Magic Numbers Related to Low Energy Nuclear Reactions, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. 219-234.

Horanyi, G.

Horanyi, G., Open questions concerning the Fleischmann-Pons experiment. Magy. Kem. Fol, 1989. 95: p. 140 (in Hungarian).

Horanyi, G., Some basic electrochemistry and the cold nuclear fusion of deuterium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1989. 137(1): p. 23.

Horanyi, G., Some doubts about the occurrence of electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34: p. 889.

Horowitz, C. J.

Horowitz, C.J., Cold nuclear fusion in metallic hydrogen and normal metals. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1989. 40: p. R1555.

Horowitz, C.J., Cold nuclear fusion in dense metallic hydrogen. Astrophys. J., 1991. 367: p. 288.

Howald, R. A.

Howald, R.A., Calculations on the Palladium-Lithium System for Cold Fusion. CALPHAD, 1990. 14: p. 1.

Hrushovetz, S. M.

Hrushovetz, S.M. Particles, Primes, and "Cold Fusion". in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Hsu, C. L.

Hsu, C.L., C.M. Wan, and F.R. Chen. TEM Investigation of Hydrogen Ordering in Pd. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Hu, C. C.

Hu, C.C. and T.C. Wen, Effect of pH and anion on hydrogen sorption/desorption at/within oxide-derived Pd electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1995. 142(5): p. 1376.

Huang, C. Y.

Huang, C.Y. and M. Rabinowitz, Some New Aspects of Super-High Temperature Superconductors. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 4(9): p. 567.

Huang, G. S.

Huang, G.S. and X.Z. Li. A possible phase transition in a gas-loading D/Pd system. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Huang, G.

Huang, G., et al. The Measurements and the Control of Loading Ratio of Deuterium in Palladium. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Huang, N.

Huang, N., et al. A Flow Calorimeter Used in Duplication of 'Cold Fusion'. in Special Session Cold Fusion, Electrochemical Society. 1989. Hollywood, Fl: Electrochemical Society.

Huang, N. Effect of Light Water Additions on Excess Heat Generation of Palladium Deuterium System. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

Hubler, G. K.

Hubler, G.K., Anomalous Effects in Hydrogen-Charged Palladium - A review (PowerPoint slides). Surf. Coatings Technol., 2007.

Abstract and PowerPoint slides describing the paper of the same title.

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Hubler, G.K., Anomalous Effects in Hydrogen-Charged Palladium - A review. Surf. Coatings Technol., 2007.

Huggins, R. A.

Huggins, R.A., Statement before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technolgy,. 1989.

Huggins, R.A. Fundamental Considerations Relating to the Electrochemical Insertion of Hydrogen and Palladium into Mixed Conductors. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

Huggins, R.A., Fundamental considerations relating to the insertion of hydrogen isotopes into mixed conductors at high activities. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1991. 210: p. 317.

Huggins, R.A. Materials Aspects of the Electrochemical Insertion of Hydrogen and Deuterium into Mixed Conductors. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Abstract
 A number of features of the presence of interstitial species in metals and alloys relevant to “solid state fusion” experiments are discussed. These include experimental evidence for very high virtual pressures under certain conditions, and the influence of promotors and surface blockers. Dislocation generation and motion can result from the large stresses accompanying composition gradients and phase transformations. Because of preferential segregation of interstitial species to dislocations, transport along dislocations can be much faster than through the bulk crystal, and dislocation motion can cause unusually rapid interstitial solute transport and both entry and emission from surfaces. Mechanical effects related to the presence of hydrogen often are sporadic and can have long delay times. It is possible that some of the same microstructural features and phenomena that are responsible for delayed mechanical behavior play an important role in the “solid state fusion” observations. Two dislocation mechanisms are presented that can produce transient local hyperloading.

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Huggins, R.A. and W.D. Nix, Decrepitation Model For Capacity Loss During Cycling of Alloys in Rechargeable Electrochemical Systems. Ionics, 2000. 6: p. 57.

Abstract. Mechanisms that are involved in the loss of capacity upon the cycling of electro­chemical cells are discussed. The inherent instability of the electrochemical interface and the resul­tant geometrical changes are characteristic of electrodes in which the reactant is a pure element. On the other hand, decrepitation can play an important role in the case of polyphase electrodes in which significant changes in specific volume occur. A simple one-dimensional model is presented that shows the mechanism and the important parameters that are involved in particle fracture. It predicts that decrepitation will lead to a terminal particle size, as is found experimentally.

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Hugo, M.

Hugo, M. A Home Cold Fusion Experiment. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Huizenga, J. R.

Huizenga, J.R., Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century. 1992, Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Huizenga, J.R., Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century. 1993, New York: Oxford University Press.

Huke, A.

Huke, A., K. Czerski, and P. Heide. Accelerator Experiments and Theoretical Models for the Electron Screening Effect in Metallic Environments. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

An overview of our experiments and their results concerning the electron screening effects in metallic environments are presented. The measurements of the reactions 2H(d,p)3H and
2H(d,n)3He were performed with an electrostatic accelerator at incident deuteron energies between 5 and 60keV at different self-implanted target materials. The resulting screening energy values are about one order of magnitude larger compared to gas target experiments and exceed significantly the theoretical predictions. A thorough investigation of the processes in the targets under ion irradiation shows that there are multi-parameter collateral effects which are crucial for the correct interpretation of the observed enhancements. They mainly originate from target surface contaminations due to residual gases in the vacuum as well as from inhomogeneities in the deuteron density distribution in heterogeneous targets. For the special situation of deuterium in the metallic environment an improved analysis method has been developed beyond the standard procedures. Experimental evidence for the influence of such effects and a mathematical model for their assessment are given and compared with the results of other groups. We also present a numerical model of the electron screening effect in metallic lattices based on an ab-initio Hartree-Fock simulation.

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Huke, A., et al. Evidence for a Target-Material Dependence of the Neutron-Proton Branching Ratio in d+d Reactions for Deuteron Energies below 20 keV. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Angular distributions and the neutron-proton branching ratio of the mirror reactions 2H(d,p)3H and 2H(d,n)3He have been investigated using different deuterized metallic targets at projectile energies ranging from 5 to 60 keV. Whereas the experimental results obtained for Al, Zr, Pd and Ta targets do not differ from those known from gas-target experiments, an enhancement of the angular anisotropy in the neutron channel and a quenching of the neutron-proton branching ratio have been observed for Li and Sr targets at deuteron energies below 20 keV. Both effects can be explained assuming an induced adiabatic polarization of the reacting deuterons in the crystal lattice.

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Huke, A., et al., Evidence for a host-material dependence of the n/p branching ratio of low-energy d+d reactions within metallic environments. Eur. Phys. J. A, 2006. 27(s01): p. 187-192.

Huke, A., et al., Enhancement of the Deuteron-Fusion Reactions in Metals and its Experimental Implications. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 2008. 78(1).

Recent measurements of the reaction 2H(d,p)3H in metallic environments at very low energies performed by different experimental groups point to an enhanced electron screening effect. However, the resulting screening energies differ strongly for diverse host metals and different experiments. Here, we present new experimental results and investigations of interfering processes in the irradiated targets. These measurements inside metals set special challenges and pitfalls that make them and the data analysis particularly error prone. There are multiparameter collateral effects that are crucial for the correct interpretation of the observed experimental yields. They mainly originate from target surface contaminations owing to residual gases in the vacuum as well as from inhomogeneities and instabilities in the deuteron density distribution in the targets. To address these problems an improved differential analysis method beyond the standard procedures has been implemented. Profound scrutiny of the other experiments demonstrates that the observed unusual changes in the reaction yields are mainly due to deuteron density dynamics simulating the alleged screening energy values. The experimental results are compared with different theoretical models of the electron screening in metals. The Debye-Hückel model that has been previously proposed to explain the influence of the electron screening on both nuclear reactions and radioactive decays can be clearly excluded.

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Hunter, G. W.

Hunter, G.W., et al., A Dewar Calorimeter for Electrochemical Studies. 1990.

Hurlbert, R. C.

Hurlbert, R.C. and J.O. Konecny, Diffusion of hydrogen through palladium. J. Chem. Phys., 1961. 34: p. 655.

Hurtak, J. J.

Hurtak, J.J., Cold Fusion Research: Models and Potential Benefits. J. New Energy, 1997. 2(2): p. 128.

Hurtak, J.J. and P.G. Bailey, Cold fusion research: Models and potential benefits. 1997: www.padrak.com/ine/.

Huston, E. L.

Huston, E.L. and G.D. Sandrock, Engineering Properties of Metal Hydrides. J. Less-Common Met., 1980. 74: p. 435.

Hutchinson, D. P.

Hutchinson, D.P., et al., Initial Calorimetry Experiments in the Physics Division -ORNL. 1990: Oak Ridge, TN.

Iazzi, F.

Iazzi, F., et al. Correlated Measurements of D2 Loading and 4He Production in Pd Lattice. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Abstract
A series of measurements have been performed on a thin sheet of Pd in D₂ gas atmo­sphere with an electric field applied across its length. The results in terms of correlation between the average loading ratio near the cathode and in the middle of the sheet are reported: they indicate that under particular conditions the application of the electric field succeeds to shorten the loading time and to obtain local D/Pd ratios higher than the average value.

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Ichimaru, S.

Ichimaru, S., S. Ogata, and A. Nakano, Rates of nuclear fusion in metal hydrides. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1990. 59(11): p. 3904.

Ichimaru, S., et al., Statistical-mechanical theory of cold nuclear fusion in metal hydrides. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1990. 59: p. 1333.

Ichimaru, S., Cold nuclear fusion in pressurized liquid metals. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1991. 60: p. 1437.

Ichimaru, S. Nuclear Fusion in Condensed Matter. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Ichimaru, S., Nuclear fusion in dense plasmas. Rev. Mod. Phys., 1993. 65: p. 255.

Iguchi, T.

Iguchi, T., Measurement of a very small yield of neutron using a moderating-type (3)He gas counter. Ioniz. Radiat. (Tokyo), 1990. 16(3): p. 22 (in Japanese).

Iida, T.

Iida, T., et al. Deuteron Fusion Experiment with Ti and Pd Foils Implanted with Deuterium Beams. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Iida, T., et al. Deuteron Fusion Experiments with Ti and Pd Foils Implanted with Deuteron Beams II. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Deuteron implantation experiments on Ti and Pd foils have been made for the examination of the “cold” deuteron fusion reaction. In the center of a target chamber fitted to a 300 keV deuteron accelerator, a Ti or Pd foil sample was set to face toward 3 nsec pulsed deuteron beams collimated with a 3 mm diameter aperture. A Si-SSD was placed behind the foil to detect high energy charged particles emitted from the foil by the supposed deuteron fusion reactions.
In the 243 keV deuteron implantation experiments for 3-20 μm Ti and 5-22 μm Pd foils, unusual counts and peaks were measured in the energy region higher than the proton peak due to the well-known D-D reaction. And from the energy loss measurement with the screen foil in front of the Si-SSD, some of the unusual high energy peaks were found to be helium, though the original reactions are not identified. These helium peaks and unnatural counts are difficult to explain and might have something to do with the multibody fusion reactions proposed by A. Takahashi. More elaborate experiments with more detailed measurement such as correlated particle measurement should be necessary for confirmation of the multibody fusion reaction.

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Iida, T., Deuteron fusion experiments with some foils implanted with deuteron beams. Genshikaku Kenkyu, 1995. 40(5): p. 77.