Tabet, E.

Tabet, E. and A. Tenenbaum, A dynamical model for cold fusion in deuterated palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 143.

Tabet, E. and A. Tenenbaum. Nuclear Effects in the Collapsing Lattice Model for Deuterated Palladium: New Results. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Tabet, E. and A. Tenenbaum, Nuclear reactions from lattice collapse in a cold fusion model. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 144(6,7): p. 301.

Tachikawa, E.

Tachikawa, E., Outline of room temperature nuclear fusion. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1991. 37(4): p. 11 (in Japanese).

Tajima, T.

Tajima, T., H. Iyetomi, and S. Ichimaru, Influence of attractive interaction between deuterons in Pd on nuclear fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 437.

Takagi, R.

Takagi, R., et al., Neutron emission during a long-term electrolysis of heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 2135.

Takagi, R., et al., Neutron Emission During a Long-Term Electrolysis of Heavy Water. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 2135.

Takaharu, G.

Takaharu, G., et al., Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion. 1990: European Patent Application, 90107987.1.

Takahashi, A.

Takahashi, A., Opening possibility of deuteron-catalyzed cascade fusion channel in PdD under D2O electrolysis. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1989. 26(5): p. 558.

Takahashi, A., et al., Emission of 2.45 MeV and higher energy neutrons from D2O-Pd cell under biased-pulse electrolysis. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27: p. 663.

Takahashi, A., et al. Neutron Spectra from D2O-Pd Cells with Pulsed Electrolysis. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Takahashi, A., et al., Short Note : Emission of 2.45 MeV and Higher Energy Neutrons from D2O-Pd Cell Under Biased-Pulse Electrolysis. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27: p. 663.

Takahashi, A., et al. Neutron Spectra and Controllability by PdD/electrolysis Cell With Low-High Current Pulse Operation. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Takahashi, A., et al., Windows of cold nuclear fusion and pulsed electrolysis experiments. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 380.

Takahashi, A., et al. Anomalous Excess Heat by D2O/Pd Cell Under L-H Mode Electrolysis. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

ABSTRACT
 A Pd sheet cathode centered within a Pt-wired anode in D₂O/LiOD electrolyte was used with the L-H mode pulse operation.  Anomalously large excess heat (32 watts in average for 2 months, 100 - 130 watts at peaks and averaged output/input power ratio 1.7) was once observed, associated with very low neutron emission (~1 n/s). To investigate the reproducibility of this experiment, a second experiment with minor changes in cell design was undertaken for 4 months. We reproduced excess heat, however at much smaller levels (8 watts on average and 15 watts at peak), but with neutron emission rates that were twice as large as measured previously. Possible changes in the conditions of the two experiments are discussed; i.e., cell voltages and over-potentials, formation of thin MOS film on the Pd cathode surface and a mechanism enhancing the D/Pd ratio. Excess power density per cm² of cathode surface showed systematic change as a function of surface current density. This trend is consistent with results from many other authors.

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Takahashi, A., Cold fusion research: Recent progress. Kaku Yugo Kenkyu, 1992. 68(4): p. 360 (in Japanese).

Takahashi, A., et al., Excess heat and nuclear products by D2O/Pd electrolysis and multibody fusion. Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mater., 1992. 3: p. 221.

An excess heat of 100 W/cc level, 1.7 times the input power in average, and 160 MJ in total was observed for about two months by the L-H mode pulse electrolysis of a D₂O/Pd cell with plane-symmetric configuration of D-loading into the Pd cathode. Very weak neutron emission was detected to show an inversely proportional correlation to the excess heat variation. To explain the observed anomalous results including our past results, the theoretical model of competing multibody deuteron fusions in transient PdD_x lattice has been extended. It can explain most experimental results. Cold fusion may be the multibody fusion of hydrogen isotopes in the metal lattice.

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Takahashi, A. Nuclear Products by D2O/Pd Electrolysis and Multibody Fusion. in Int. Symp. Nonlinear Phenom. in Electromagnetic Fields. 1992. ISEM-Nagoya,.

Takahashi, A., Cold fusion research: present status. Koon Gakkaishi, 1993. 19(5): p. 179 (in Japanese).

Takahashi, A., Production of neutron, tritium and excess heat. Oyo Butsuri, 1993. 62: p. 707 (In Japanese).

Takahashi, A., Some Considerations of Multibody Fusion in Metal-Deuterides. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 451.

Takahashi, A., et al. Experimental Correlation Between Excess Heat and Nuclear Products. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Takahashi, A., et al., Multibody fusion model to explain experimental results. Fusion Technol., 1995. 27: p. 71.

Takahashi, A., Recent results and activities on the new hydrogen energy ("cold fusion"). Suiso Enerugi Shisutemu, 1996. 21: p. 39 (in Japanese).

Takahashi, A., et al., Anomalous enhancement of three-body deuteron fusion in titanium-deuteride with low-energy D+ beam implantation. Fusion Technol., 1998. 34: p. 256.

Takahashi, A., et al., Experimental study on correlation between excess heat and nuclear products by D2O/Pd electrolysis. Int. J. Soc. Mat. Eng. Resources, 1998. 6(1): p. 4.

Takahashi, A. Results of Experimental Studies of Excess Heat vs Nuclear Products Correlation and Conceivable Reaction Model. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Takahashi, A., et al., Detection of three-body deuteron fusion in titanium deuteride under the stimulation by a deuteron beam. Phys. Lett. A, 1999. 255: p. 89.

Takahashi, A., M. Ohta, and T. Mizuno. A Model Analysis on Low-Energy Photo-Fusion of Pd Isotopes Under Dynamic Conditions of PdH(D)x. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Takahashi, A., Production of Stable Isotopes by Selective Channel Photofission of Pd. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 2001. 40(12): p. 7031-7046.

A conservative modeling and analysis were attempted to explain the presence of nonradioactive fission-like products with nonnatural isotopic ratios observed in some D₂O/Pd electrolysis experiments. The collective deformation of a Pd nucleus by multiphoton E1 resonance absorption in a dynamic PdD_x lattice was assumed to induce low-energy photofissions via the selective scission channels within the lowest band (11–20 MeV) of channel-dependent fission barriers. Values of channel dependent fission barriers were calculated by using liquid drop model potentials for Pd isotopes. Fission products were analyzed in detail. Major fission products (FPs) are stable isotopes and the isotopic ratios of FP elements are very different from those of natural abundances. The present theoretical results have shown good agreement with the experimental data of Mizuno et al. [Denki Kagaku 64 (1996) 1660] and others in terms of Z-distribution, mass distribution and isotopic ratios. Selective channel photofissions with positive Q-values are possible for A > 90 nuclei, which may provide us with a clean method for the incineration for the radio isotope (RI) waste of nuclear plants.

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Takahashi, A. Drastic Enhancement Of Deuteron-Cluster Fusion By Transient Electronic Quasi-Particle Screening. in JCF4. 2002. Morioka, Japan: Unpublished.

Takahashi, A. Mass-8-and-Charge-4 Increased Transmutation by Octahedral Resonance Fusion Model. in JCF-4. 2002. Morioka, Japan.

Takahashi, A. Tetrahedral And Octahedral Resonance Fusion Under Transient Condensation Of Deuterons At Lattice Focal Points. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Beijing, China: Tsinghua University: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

To attempt to explain the very strange claim of observation by Mitsubishi group on the mass-8-and-charge-4-transferred (increased) transmutation (Mo-96 or Pr-141) out of sample zone of Sr-88 or Cs-133 in the D-diffusion type experiment with multi-layered Pd plate, our multi-body deuteron fusion model in transient lattice focal points has been extended to hypothesize the occurrence of 4D tetrahedral and 8D octahedral resonance fusion. High energy Be-8 particles by 8D fusion can induce selectively capture process to form mass-8-and-charge-4-increased transmutation out of Sr-88 or Cs-133 near PdDx lattice.

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Takahashi, A. Mechanism Of Deuteron Cluster Fusion By EQPET Model. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

The present paper makes deepened modeling for the mechanism of transient Bose-type condensation for 4D and 8D clusters with electrons from Pd 4d-shell in PdDx lattice dynamics. Formation of quadruplet e*(4,4) electronic quasi-particle and octal-coupling e*(8,8) around lattice focal points with D-clusters which realize super screening for d-d and d-cluster Coulomb barrier is modeled for tetrahedral and octahedral symmetric condensations and discussed. Based on the electronic quasi-particle expansion theory (EQPET), modal fusion rates which are composed of 2D, 3D, 4D and 8D fusion rates with characteristic values for each mode are estimated for the tetrahedral and octahedral symmetric condensations. Based on given modal fusion rates we can estimate macroscopic cluster fusion rates (f/s/cc) by knowing time-averaged values of D-cluster densities. Several to few hundreds w/cc level fusion rates for 4D and 8D can be foreseen with major ash of ⁴He and a variety of secondary transmutation reactions, and neutron production rate by 2D fusion will be with 10-12 orders smaller magnitude than that of ⁴He production. Neutrons are therefore hardly visible in deuteron cluster fusion in condensed matter.

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Takahashi, A. Studies on 3D Fusion Reactions in TiDx under Ion Beam Implantation (PowerPoint slides). in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

ICCF-10 PowerPoint presentation.

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Takahashi, A., et al. Studies on 3D Fusion Reactions in TiDx under Ion Beam Implantation. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

With certain conditions for target-samples and beams, we could have identified specific particles (e.g., 4.75MeV tritons and 3He-particles, and 15.9 MeV deuterons) from 3D fusion reactions with yield ratios [3D]/[2D] to be in the order of 1E-4 to 1E-3, in contrary to the calculated [3D]/[2D] yield ratio of 1E-30 by the conventional random nuclear reaction theory2,3). The increasing trend of yield ratios in lower energy region than 100 keV for deuteron4), suggests that the enhanced 3D reactions were not attributed to the direct reactions with incident d-beam, but to the indirect 3D fusion out of the slowing down range of the beam.

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Takahashi, A. Theoretical Background for Transmutation Reactions (PowerPoint slides). in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Presented during Short Course on Cold Fusion, ICCF-10.

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Takahashi, A. 3He/4He Production Ratios By Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensation. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

The present paper treats application of the EQPET (Electronic Quasi-Particle Expansion Theory) model for TSC (Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate) of H/D mixed systems for Pd host metal. Production ratios of 3He/4He for multi-body fusion reactions in H/D mixed TSC systems are calculated as a function of H/D mixing rate. The model is further extended to treat direct nuclear interactions between host-metal nucleus and TSC of pure 4 protons (or 4 deuterons), since TSC can become very small (far less than 1 pm radius) charge-neutral pseudo-particle. Results for the case of Ni + 4p/TSC are discussed with Ni + p capture reactions and Ni + 4p fission reactions.

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Takahashi, A. A Theoretical Summary of Condensed Matter Nuclear Effects. in Siena Workshop on Anomalies in Metal-D/H Systems. 2005. Siena, Italy.

Key experimental results are compared with the results of EQPET/TSC models. Screening energy for d-d pair by theory is 360 eV and is comparable with 310 eV by Kasagi experiment for PdDx. Helium-4 production with scarce neutron is modeled by strong 4D fusion of minimum state 4d/TSC reaction. Maximum level of 4d/TSC fusion is 46 MW/cc-Pd and 23 keV/Pd, comparable to 24.8 keV/Pd by El Boher experiment. Transmutation with mass-8 and charge-4 increase is explained by 4d/TSC + host metal reactions. Fission-like products by Ni-H systems are in agreement with fission products of 4p/TSC + nickel nuclear reactions.

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Takahashi, A. Condensed Matter Nuclear Effects. in International Meeting on Frontier of Physics. 2005. Kuala Lumpur.

Under the conditions of cold fusion in PdD, the predominant reactions would be d+d-->(4)He* and (4)He*+d-->(6)Li*-->(4)He+d+23.8MeV. This cascade would explain the FPH results, giving fusion rates of up to 1E-13 f/s per D atom.

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Takahashi, A. Fusion Rate Formulas for Bosonized Condensates (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Takahashi, A. Main Scenarios of CMN-Effects (PowerPoint slides). in Sixth International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen/Deuterium-Loaded Metals. 2005. Siena, Italy.

Takahashi, A. Progress In Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Takahashi, A. Progress In Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Takahashi, A., F. Celani, and Y. Iwamura. The Italy-Japan Project -- Fundamental Research on Cold Transmutation Process for Treatment of Nuclear Wastes (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Takahashi, A., F. Celani, and Y. Iwamura. The Italy-Japan Project -- Fundamental Research on Cold Transmutation Process for Treatment of Nuclear Wastes. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Takahashi, A. Time-Dependent EQPET Analysis of TSC (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Takahashi, A. Time-Dependent EQPET Analysis of TSC. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Takahashi, A., Jyouon kakuyuugou 2006 - gyoushuukei kagaku e no tenkai (Cold fusion 2006 - progress in condensed matter nuclear science). 2006.

Takahashi, A. and N. Yabuuchi. D-Cluster Dynamics and Fusion Rate by Langevin Equation. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

Takahashi, A. Deuterons-to-4He Channels (PowerPoint slides). in The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2007. Sochi, Russia.

Outline
* Two-Body d + d fusion and Out-Going Channels
* Third Interaction to d + d strong force for Changing Out-Going Channels
* D-Cluster Fusion to Produce 4He

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Takahashi, A. Dynamic Mechanism of TSC Condensation Motion. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

This paper gives further discussions and explanations on the time-dependent quantum-mechanical behaviors of electron-clouds in 4D/TSC condensation motion by Langevin equation, in comparison with steady ground state electron orbits and their de Broglie wave lengths for D-atom and D₂ molecule.

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Takahashi, A. and N. Yabuuchi, Study on 4D/Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate Condensation Motion by Non-Linear Langevin Equation, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 57-83.

Takahashi, A., et al. Anomalous Heat Generation in Charging of Pd Powders with High Density Hydrogen Isotopes(II) Discussions on Experimental Results and Underlying Physics (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Aim
The Gas-Phase D(H)-Loading Method with Nano-Fabricated Metal Powders is regarded promising for repeatable CMNS experiments.
We have constructed an experimental system to replicate the phenomenon of excess-heat (and ⁴He generation) and investigate the underlying physics for D(H)-charged Pd powders.

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Takahashi, A., et al. Deuterium Gas Charging Experiments with Pd Powders for Excess Heat Evolution (II) Discussions on Experimental Results and Underlying Physics. in The 9th Meeting of Japan CF-Research Society. 2009. Shizuoka, Japan.

Experimental results obtained for Pd/PdO/ZrO2 nano-composite samples are summarized and the underlying physics is discussed. Arata-Zhang’s May 2008 excess heat result was replicated quantitatively. Using Pd/PdO/ZrO2 powders (produced by Santoku Co., Kobe Japan), we obtained: 1) D-gas charge in the first phase (zero pressure interval) gave 20~90% excess heat than H-gas charge. 2) In the second phase of pressure rise, significant excess heat (about 2 kJ/g-Pd) for D-gas charge was observed, while near zero level excess heat for H-gas charge was observed. We discuss the underlying surface and nano-particle physics in views of the enhanced surface adsorption potential by fractal sub-nano-scale trapping points on nano-Pd particle, the diffusion to inner shallower Bloch potential of regular Pd lattice, and the drastic mesoscopic and isotopic effect of surface and lattice rearrangement of nano-Pd particle by full D(H)-absorption to make deeper D(H) trapping potentials of surface adsorption (about 2 eV for D) and intermediate surface state trapping.

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Takahashi, A., Dynamic Mechanism of TSC Condensation Motion. J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci., 2009. 2.

This paper discusses and explains the time-dependent quantum-mechanical behavior of electron-clouds in 4D/TSC (tetrahedral symmetric condensate) condensation motion by the Langevin equation, in comparison with steady ground state electron orbits and their de Broglie wave lengths for the D-atom and D₂ molecule. An electron orbit in a “d–e–d–e” quasi-molecular system of a face of 4D/TSC under time-dependent condensation makes a spiral track, finally reaching the center-of-mass point of the TSC, with a tail of time-varying effective wave length. The role and merit of the heavy mass electronic quasi-particle expansion theory (HMEQPET) method for approximating time-dependent TSC trapping potential and relating it to the estimation of time-dependent Coulomb barrier penetration probabilities of a 4D cluster is explained.

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Takahashi, A., The Basics of Deuteron-Cluster Dynamics as Shown by a Langevin Equation, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. 193-217.

Takahashi, H.

Takahashi, H., Dynamical screening of potential by mobile deuteron and fusion rate of accelerated deuteron in PdDx. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 441.

Takahashi, H. The Roles of Coherency and Intermittency on D-D Fusion Reaction in PdDx Deuteride. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Takahashi, R.

Takahashi, R. Synthesis of Substance and Generation of Heat in Charcoal Cathode in Electrolysis of H2O and D2O Using Various Alkalihydrooxides. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Takahashi, R. Excess Heat Caused by Electrolysis for Drilled Charcoal Cathode and Heat Without Power Imput by Immersion of Charcoal in Heavy or Light Water at Elevated Temperatures. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Takahashi, R. Proposal of Microdrops-in-Bubble Model for Excess Heat, Cold Fusion and Related Phenomena. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Takahashi, Y.

Takahashi, Y., Present status and future problems of cold nuclear fusion. Kagaku Kogaku, 1989. 53: p. 608 (In Japanese).

Takata, N.

Takata, N., et al., A preliminary attempt to measure neutrons from cold fusion. Denshi Gijutsu Kenkyusho Iho, 1989. 53: p. 1438 (in Japanese).

Takeda, T.

Takeda, T. and T. Takizuka, Fractofusion mechanism. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1989. 58(9): p. 3073.

Takeda, T., Theory of room temperature nuclear fusion. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1991. 37(4): p. 40 (in Japanese).

Talcott, C. L.

Talcott, C.L., et al. Tritium Measurements: Methods, Pitfalls, and Result. in EPRI/NSF Planning Workshop. 1989. Washington, DC.

Talcott, C.L. and E. Storms. An Overview of "Cold Fusion". in JOWOG-12 Meeting, Atomic Weapons Estab. 1990. Aldermaston, England.

Talcott, C.L. Palladium Lattice Dimension Changes Associated With the Two Legs of the Hystersis Loop. in JOWOG-12 Meeting, Atomic Weapons Estab. 1990. Aldermaston.

Taleyarkhan, R. P.

Taleyarkhan, R.P., et al., Comments on Shapira and Saltmarsh report. 2002, Purdue U.

Taleyarkhan, R.P., et al., Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavation (Supplemental #1 for Science Online). Science, 2002. 295: p. 1868.

Taleyarkhan, R.P., et al., Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavation (Supplemental #2 for Science Online). Science, 2002. 295: p. 1868.

Taleyarkhan, R.P., et al., Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavation. Science, 2002. 295: p. 1868.

Taleyarkhan, R.P., et al., Recent Advances and Results in Acoustic Inertial Confinement Bubble Nuclear Fusion, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions and New Energy Technologies Sourcebook Volume 2. 2009, American Chemical Society: Washington DC. p. 139-157.

Talley, T. L.

Talley, T.L., Importance of Tritium Experiments. 1989.

Talley, T.L. Nuclear weapon Implications of "Cold" Fusion. in The 7th Biennial Nuclear Design Phys. Conf. 1989. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.

Tamaki, M.

Tamaki, M. and K. Tasaka. Field Formation of the Condensed Matter Fusion by Electro-Transport of Deuterium in Palladium. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Tamayo, J. M. M.

Tamayo, J.M.M., et al., Experiments on cold fusion at IMP. Rev. Inst. Mex. Pet., 1990. 22: p. 42 (in Spanish).

Tanaka, M.

Tanaka, M., Parametric enhancement of the tunneling transmission through a potential barrier. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1992. 29: p. 1129.

Tanaka, T.

Tanaka, T. and S. Himeno. A possible enhancement mechanism. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 An enhancing mechanism of nuclear fusions is presented, most part of which is within the framework of the traditional theories. In this mechanism, electron currents play an important role, which are induced by an externally applied field or counterstreams of free electrons which naturally exist inside, surface and outside of bulk metals. At places of electron currents, the electric potential becomes negative and there relevant nuclei gather and collide. Then, if electrons exist in close vicinities in addition, there the electric potential barriers are lowered further and the tunneling effects which bring about nuclear fusions drastically increase. Resultantly, the rate of nuclear fusions enhances as a whole. Then, if shape of the current can be sufficiently fine and strong the increase is more drastic. It is not clear that at present the mechanism can make enhance the fusion to any extent

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Tani, T.

Tani, T. and Y. Kobayashi. Tunnel Disintegration and Neutron Emission Probability. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Tani, T. and Y. Kobayashi. A model for neutron emission from condensed matter. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Taniguchi, M.

Taniguchi, M., N. Kaji, and A. Takahashi. Search for Anomalous Nuclear Reactions in PdDx by Detection of Nuclear Products in Vacuum/Gas System. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Taniguchi, N.

Taniguchi, N., et al., Conditions for cold nuclear fusion. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1990(9): p. 992 (in Japanese).

Taniguchi, R.

Taniguchi, R., T. Yamamoto, and S. Irie, Detection of charged particles emitted by electrolytically induced cold nuclear fusion. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1989. 28(11): p. L2021.

This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
 We have tried to obtain evidence for electrolytically induced cold nuclear fusion by detecting charged particles associated with the nuclear reaction. Charged particles were detected by a conventional silicon surface barrier detector attached close to the thin foil cathode which formed the bottom of an electrolysis cell. The efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio of this system are higher than those of neutron detection systems, which made it easy to determine whether the fusion occurred or not. The energy spectrum measured with the electrolysis of D₂O suggested that the nuclear reaction took place in palladium cathode.

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Taniguchi, R., T. Yamamoto, and S. Irie, Fine structure of the charged particle bursts induced by D2O electrolysis. Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect., Ser A, 1990. 39(2): p. 233.

Taniguchi, R. and T. Yamamoto. High Sensitivity Measurement of Charged Particles Emitted During Pulsed Electrolysis of D2O. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Taniguchi, R. and T. Yamamoto, High sensitivity measurement of charged particles using a silicon surface barrier detector. Hoshasen, 1990. 16: p. 29 (in Japanese).

Taniguchi, R. and T. Yamamoto. Fine Structure of the Charged Particle Bursts Induced by D2O Electrolysis. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Taniguchi, R. Characteristic Peak Structures on Charged Particle Spectra During Electrolysis Experiment. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Taniguchi, S.

Taniguchi, S., et al. ICP-MS Analysis of Electrodes and Electrolytes after HNO3/H2O Electrolysis. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Tanzella, F. L.

Tanzella, F.L., et al. Parameters affecting the loading of hydrogen isotopes into palladium cathodes. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract
 We have tested our new Degree of Loading (DoL) cell design which can be directly transferred to the SRI mass flow calorimeter. We have shown that appropriately prepared Pd cathodes can reach high loadings in this new design and that the cells can be transferred to the calorimeter without degrading the cathode’s or cell’s performance. In all of the experiments the cathode deloaded at higher current densities, and ostensibly identical cathodes yield significantly different D:Pd loading/current density profiles.
In the new cell design high purity Pd from IMRA Materials and Johnson Matthey have generally loaded better than recent lots of 99.9% Engelhard Pd. Pd that IMRA Materials cast in air with added CaB6 held its loading best at higher current densities. Electrolyte additives Al, Si, Nd and Sm had no perceptible effect on loading behavior. The regular addition of Cl- ion, similar to what might happen when topping up open cells, can increase or maintain loading. The presence of Cu is detrimental to good loading . . .

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Tanzella, F.L., M.C.H. McKubre, and P.L. Hagelstein. Methods for Observing Anomalous Energy Transfer in Solids. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Tanzella, F.L., et al. Triggered Energy Release From Palladium Deuteride (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Research Objective
To understand what limits the rate of energy release (power) from the FPE in intentionally destructive experiments employing small, safe samples of ~1:1 PdD in a novel low temperature calorimeter.
To search for evidence of potential products of nuclear reaction.
To understand underlying reaction processes and mechanisms (theory).
To generate, measure, and understand nuclear-level heat effects:
* in small, safe samples of ~1:1 PdD
* electrochemically formed from fine, short PdDx wires with various known He content
* stimulated electrically and/or by laser pulse
* measure heat in a novel calorimeter
* verify nuclear effects by analyzing the wires for changes in their 3He and 4He content and ratio.

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Taplin, H.

Taplin, H. "Light Element Fission", The Lithium-Fast Proton Nuclear Reaction. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Tateno, H.

Tateno, H. and Y. Iwashita, An attempt to observe nuclear fusion in titanium by internal friction. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Suppl., 1991. 30: p. 41.

Taubes, G.

Taubes, G., Cold Fusion Conundrum at Texas A & M. Science, 1990. 248: p. 1299.

Taubes, G., Bad science. The short life and weird times of cold fusion. 1993, NY: Random House.

Taylor, C. A.

Taylor, C.A., Defining the scientific community: A rhetorical perspective on demarcation. Commun. Monogr., 1991. 58: p. 402.

Taylor, S. F.

Taylor, S.F., et al. Search for Neutrons from Deuterated Palladium Subject to High Electric Currents. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Tazima, K. L.

Tazima, K.L., et al. Time-Correlated Neutron Detection From Deuterium Loaded Palladium. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Terazawa, H.

Terazawa, H., Are Super-Hypernuclei Found in Cosmic Rays? J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1991. 60: p. 1848.

Terazawa, T.

Terazawa, T., et al. Sustentation of higher deuterium loading ratio in palladium. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Tesch, S.

Tesch, S., Yet again 'cold' nuclear fusion. Radio. Fernsehen Elektro. (East Ger.), 1990. 39 53 (In German).

Thacker, B.

Thacker, B. and J.E. Stratman, Transmuting common substances. The cold fusion controversy and the rhetoric of science. J. Business Tech. Commun., 1995. 9: p. 389.

Thomassen, K. L.

Thomassen, K.L., Remarks by Keith I. Thomassen. J. Fusion Energy, 1991. 10(1): p. 123.

Thompkins, P.

Thompkins, P. and C. Byrd, The Secret Life of Plants. 1993, New York: Penguin Books.

Thompson, A. W.

Thompson, A.W., Hydrogen Compatibility of Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys. Metal. Trans. A, 1974. 5: p. 1855.

Thompson, D. T.

Thompson, D.T., A report from the meeting in Salt Lake City. Platinum Met. Rev., 1990. 34: p. 136.

Tian, J.

Tian, J., et al. "Excess heat" and "heat after death" in a gas loading hydrogen/palladium system. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
  “Super-absorption” could occasionally appear when an H/Pd gas-loaded system was heated by an incandescent tungsten filament. The system-pressure was kept on in 10^-2 Pa for several hours without any aid of pumping. In this stage both “excess heat” and “heat after death” was observed once. By calibration, the feature constant of the system was 12.8ºC/W in maximum. When the “excess heat” appeared, the system temperature was reached 153ºC at the highest whereas the stable inputting power was 0.45mW. When the “heat after death” appeared—there was no power input to the system—the temperature of the system abruptly jumped up to 761ºC. In the former, 25kJ “excess heat” within 12 hours was measured which corresponded to 180 eV/atom Pd. And about 2MJ “heat after death” within 43 hours was corresponding to 13keV/atom Pd. The maximum excess powers in each case were 3.3 and 49W and the correlated power density were 230 and 3600 W/cm3 Pd respectively. The variation results of concentration of Li-7and Li-6 and their abundance ratio in Pd suggested that the anomalous heat might come from a nuclear origin.

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Tian, J., et al. Anomalous heat flow and its correlation with deuterium flux in a gas-loading deuterium-palladium system. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 A special experimental device was designed to test the anomalous thermal effect of Pd with deuterium flux (D_{f )} caused by deuteron diffusion passing through a thin wall of a Pd tube under a D₂ pressure difference across the Pd wall. It is found that the variation of the flux was the significant precursor of the anomalous heat, because a remarkable heat flow was detected when the D_f  was becoming obviously larger. The experiment was repeated for more than 16 times, and the maximum heat flow detected was 4.8mW whereas the accuracy of the calorimeter is better than 30μW. There were no heat flow detected when the temperature of the device was increased and when the D₂ pressure difference equaled to zero. Neither heat flow nor flux was observed in the control experiment using N₂.gas. The results of TLD (Themoluminescence dosimeter) detection implied a nuclear origin of the heat flow because the dosage of radiation in reaction vessel was often higher than that in reference vessel.

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Tian, J., et al. "Excess Heat" during Electrolysis in Platinium/K2CO3/Nickel Light Water System. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Tian, J., et al. Heat Measurements And Surface Studies Of Pd Wires After Being Exposed To A H2 Gas-Loading System Irradiated With A YAG Frequency Doubling Laser. in The 13th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2007. Sochi, Russia.

Abstract: This study involved excess heat triggering attempts with a YAG frequency doubling laser (λ=532nm) used to irradiate palladium hydrides with different gas-loading ratios. The results showed that experiments using laser stimulation produced no significant excess heat evidence. However, on the surface of Pd sample there were some new elements including Ag and Cd. These were found in localized sites by SEM and EDS analysis.

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Tian, J., et al. Excess Heat Triggering by 532nm Laser in a D/Pd Gas-Loading System. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

A laser (532 nm) operated in three modes (continuous, static pulsed and dynamic pulsed) was used to irradiate a series of palladium deuterides with different deuteron loading ratios in a D/Pd gas-loading system. (The loading ratios were D/Pd=0, 0.08, 0.10, 0.17 and 0.27.)  The results showed that static pulsed triggering produces a maximum excess heat effect of about 2.6 kJ within a half hour when the loading ratio of Pd was about 0.1 and input power was 25 mW. This corresponds to 4.9 × 10^-15 J/atom D or 1.8 × 10⁴ W/cm³ Pd. The reason the static pulsed triggering produced more excess heat than other two modes needs to be further studied. The proper ratio in the Pd lattice matching a suitable triggering power may be a key point for heat production.

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Tian, Z. Q.

Tian, Z.Q., A proposal for a cold fusion study in the Ti/D system. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 92.

Tien, J. K.

Tien, J.K., et al., Hydrogen Transport by Dislocations. Metal. Trans. A, 1976. 7: p. 851.

Timashev, S. F.

Timashev, S.F., Possible mechanisms for nuclear-chemical transformations in a palladium matrix during heavy water electrolysis. Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1989. 63: p. 2283 (in Russian).

Timashev, S.F., Nuclear-chemical transformations in the condensed phase. Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1995. 69: p. 1396 (in Russian).

Tisenko, Yu. A.

Tisenko, Y.A., Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. I. Sov. Phys. J., 1993. 36: p. 764.

Tisenko, Y.A., Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. II. Sov. Phys. J., 1993. 36: p. 769.

Tisenko, Y.A., Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. III. Russ. Phys. J., 1994. 37: p. 590.

Toimela, T.

Toimela, T. Effective Interaction Potential in the Deuterium Plasma and Multiple Resonance Scattering. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Abstract
The effective interaction potential for charged particles is calculated in the deuterium plasma formed in the surface region of the palladium cathode in the electrolysis of heavy water. It is shown that the Coulomb potential is overscreened producing, at certain distances, an attractive potential between deuterium nuclei pairs and also between the deuterium nuclei and the surface atoms. This behavior of the effective potential in the deuterium plasma can be regarded as a counterpart of the Friedel oscillations of the electron gas at zero temperature. Because of this attractive potential, there are bound states for the deuteron pairs as well as for the surface atoms and deuterons. In these bound states the equilibrium distance between the nuclei is of the order 0.15 - 0.2 Å depending on the number density of deuterons. The fusion rate is calculated for the bounded deuteron pairs and it is found to be of the order   per deuteron pair for the highest deuteron densities. Furthermore, it is shown that larger fusion rates are possible for the deuterons bound to the surface atoms. This may arise by a process, where the trapped deuterons share the released energy collectively via a proposed Multiple Resonance Scattering (MRS) mechanism. It is then found that the ⁴He-channel is the overwhelmingly dominant fusion channel. Moreover, the appearance of the transmutation processes in this MRS procedure are briefly discussed.

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Toimela, T. Multiple Resonance Scattering. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

The previously proposed Multiple Resonance Scattering (MRS) theory is elaborated. In addition of predicting a radiationless fusion of two deuterium nuclei into a ⁴He-nucleus in its ground state, the MRS theory is also shown to be in agreement with the experimental results concerning the transmutations of heavier nuclei. A form for the nuclear active environment is suggested and new experiments are proposed to verify the MRS theory.

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Toki, H.

Toki, H. and K. Sugimoto, Deuteron-alpha Bose-Einstein condensation for coherent deuteron fusion in Pd double structure cathode. Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, 2000. 76B(3): p. 35.

Tomanek, D.

Tomanek, D., Z. Sun, and S.G. Louie, Ab initio Calculation of Chemisorption Systems: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110). Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1991. 43: p. 4699.

Tomas, P.

Tomas, P., et al., Deuterium nuclear fusion in metals at room temperature. Fizika (Zagreb), 1989. 21: p. 209.

Tomellini, M.

Tomellini, M. and D. Gozzi, On the possibility for local oversaturation of deuterium in palladium. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1990. 9: p. 836.

Tom-nek, D.

Tom-nek, D., Z. Sun, and S.G. Louie, Ab initio Calculation of Chemisorption Systems: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110). Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1991. 43: p. 4699.

Toriyabe, Y.

Toriyabe, Y., et al. Elemental Analysis Of Palladium Electrodes After Pd/Pd Light Water Critical Electrolysis. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Elemental analyses of palladium electrodes were conducted after a new type of light water electrolysis was performed at optimum conditions in a system designed to induce a nuclear reaction. This process is referred to as Pd/Pd light water critical electrolysis. The conjecture that a nuclear transmutation process is occurring in this experiment is easier to test in this system, because it is easy to determine whether the elements detected on the cathode surface are impurities or transmutation products. We assume that the elements found only on the cathode surface, and nowhere else in the cell as contamination, namely iron, titanium, chromium and so on, must be transmutation products. Furthermore, countless Ohmori-type palladium craters were observed for the first time for this system, and these are evidence that nuclear reactions occurred at the electrode surface.

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Toriyabe, Y. and J. Kasagi. Development of New Detector System for Charged Particle Emission. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

Toumey, C. P.

Toumey, C.P., Conjuring science in the case of cold fusion. Public Understand. Sci., 1996. 5: p. 121.

Tran, D. N.

Tran, D.N., et al., Investigation of nuclear fusion at the normal temperature. Tap Chi Vat Ly, 1990. 15(1): p. 29 (in Vietnamese).

Triassi, A.

Triassi, A. Variation Of The Concentration Of Isotopes Copper And Zinc In Human Plasmas Of Patients Affected By Cancer. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Tripodi, P.

Tripodi, P., et al., Temperature coefficient of resistivity at compositions approaching PdH. Phys. Lett. A, 2000. 276: p. 122.

Tripodi, P., et al. Dynamics of hydrogen loading in palladium. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Trower, W. P.

Trower, W.P., Cold Fusion As Seen With X-Ray Vision. Physics Today, 1989. July: p. 13.

Tsarev, V. A.

Tsarev, V.A., Cold fusion. Sov. Phys. Usp., 1990. 33(11): p. 881.

Tsarev, V.A. and D.H. Worledge. Review of new results on cold nuclear fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Tsarev, V.A. Cold Fusion Studies in the USSR. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Tsarev, V.A. Current Status of Cold Fusion. in First Int. Sakharov Conf. 1991. Moscow, USSR.

Tsarev, V.A. and P.I. Golubnichii, Geological manifestations of cold fusion. Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1991(3): p. 22.

Tsarev, V.A. and D.H. Worledge, New results on cold nuclear fusion: a review of the conference on anomalous nuclear effects in deuterium/solid systems, Provo, Utah, October 22-24, 1990. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 484.

Tsarev, V.A., Anomalous nuclear effects in solids ("cold fusion"): questions still remain. Sov. Phys. Usp., 1992. 35: p. 842.

Tsarev, V.A. Cold Fusion Researches in Russia. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Tsarev, V.A. and D.H. Worledge, Cold fusion studies in the USSR. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 138.

Tsarev, V.A. and V.A. Chechin, On the nonstationary quantum-mechanical nature of anomalous nuclear effects in a solid. Kratk. Soobshch. Fiz., 1992. 9-10: p. 47 (in Russian).

Tsuchida, T.

Tsuchida, T., Role of hydrogen atoms in palladium. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1963. 18: p. 1016.

Tsuchiya, K.

Tsuchiya, K., et al., Interaction between two neighboring deuterium atoms in palladium. J. Less-Common Met., 1991. 172-174: p. 1371.

Tsuchiya, K., K. Ohashi, and M. Fukuchi. Mechanism of Cold Fusion in Palladium. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Tsuchiya, K., K. Ohashi, and M. Fukuchi, Mechanism of Cold Nuclear Fusion II. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 493.

Tsuchiya, K., K. Ohashi, and M. Fukuchi, A possible mechanism for nuclear reactions in solids. Fusion Technol., 1995. 27: p. 452.

Tsuchiya, K. A possible model for nuclear reaction in metal vacancy including condensed Bose particles. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Tsuchiya, K. Quantum states of deuterons in palladium. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is one of the candidates to induce the nuclear fusions in solids, because d-d repulsions are screened by conduction electrons and deuterons can be condensed at defects  in solids. In this work, d-d fusion rate in Pd induced by BEC is estimated. The equivalent linear two-body method, which is based on an approximate reduction of many-body problems by variational principle, is used for the calculation. Thomas-Fermi and non-linear screening potentials are used as d-d interactions.

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Tsuchiya, K., Quantum states of deuterons in palladium. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2004. 20: p. 1513-1519.

Tsuchiya, K. and H. Okumura. Theoretical Study of Nuclear Reactions Induced by Bose-Einstein Condensation in Pd. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Tsuchiya, K., et al. Observation of Optical Phonon in Hydrogen Storage Pd Using Raman Spectroscopy. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

The techniques of hydrogen loading in Pd are developed by many workers. And the states of hydrogen in Pd attract many interests because they might be related to the nuclear reactions. In this study, we have tried to observe optical phonon induced by hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in Pd using Raman spectroscopy. This measurement can be done for the sample completely sealed in a glass tube cutting off the influence of the external air, because glass materials are Raman inactive. In the measurement chamber of spectroscopy device, scattered waves of the incident laser beam from the hydrogen storage Pd are detected and Raman shifts including the information about the optical phonon in the sample are derived.

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Tsvetkov, S. A.

Tsvetkov, S.A., et al., Molecular-dynamics calculation of phase transitions in the Pd-D system and cold nuclear fusion. Phys. Metals Metallogr., 1993. 76: p. 399.

Tsvetkov, S.A., E.S. Filatov, and V.A. Khokhlov. EXCESS HEAT IN MOLTEN SALTS OF (LiCl-KCl)+(LiD+LiF) AT THE TITANIUM ANODE DURING ELECTROLYSIS. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

The electrochemical cell and technique of realization of precision calorimetric measurements is developed.
Experiments with molten salts containing of deuteride lithium are carried out. Calorimetric measurements made on the titanium anode during experiments. Measurements made in an inert atmosphere of helium and in an atmosphere of deuterium at various density of an electrolysis current. Excess heat was obtained on the titanium anode in an atmosphere deuterium at electrolysis. The X-ray diffraction analysis made on the used titanium anode. The analysis of the received results is resulted.

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Tsvetkov, S.A. Possibility Of Using Of Cold Fusion For Nuclear Waste Products Transmutation. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Abstract
The possibility of using of cold fusion for nuclear waste products transmutation is investigated in this paper. In generally a method is based on saturation of the titanium by a mixture of deuterium and air. Possible nuclear fusion reactions are discussed. Their "burning out" sections, effective half-life periods and intensity of neutron beams are evaluated. Applicability of the method for a transmutation of the nuclear waste containing Cesium -137 is considered.

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Tuggle, D. G.

Tuggle, D.G., et al., Solid State Fusion Update. 1990: Los Alamos.

Tuggle, D.G., T.N. Claytor, and S.F. Taylor. Tritium Evolution from Various Morphologies of Palladium. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Turanciol, F.

Turanciol, F. Cold Fusion is Confirmed. in ICENES. 1991.

Turner, L.

Turner, L., Thoughts Unbottled by Cold Fusion. Phys. Today, 1989. Sept.: p. 140.

Turner, L., Peregrinations on cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 447.

Turner, L., Peregrinations on Cold Fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1994. 9(4): p. 447.

Turney, Jon

Turney, J., Lost in Limbo, in New Scientist. 2003. p. 48.

Uchida, H.

Uchida, H. and E. Fromm, Effect of Palladium and Oxygen Layers on the Hydrogen Absorption Rate of Tantalum Films at 300 K. J. Less-Common Met., 1983. 95: p. 153.

Uchida, H., et al. Detection of Radioactive Emissions in the Electrolytic Deuteriding-Dedeuteriding Reactions of Pd and Ti. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Uchikawa, H.

Uchikawa, H., T. Okazaki, and K. Sato, New Technique of Activating Palladium Surface for Absorption of Hydrogen or Deuterium. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1993. 32: p. 5095.

This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
 Activation is carried out by heating a Pd specimen at about 600 °C for several minutes in air. The activated surface is blue, and it is bleached when immersed hi hydrogen gas. The blue film is identified as PdO, and the bleached surface consists of nanocrystallites of metallic Pd, as proved by electron diffraction. An acti­vated Pd plate 0.7 mm in thickness is capable of absorb­ing, in 1 h, about 70 at% of H or D, the saturation value, in hydrogen gas of 1 atm at room temperature. The atomic ratio of H absorbed in Pd has been esti­mated to be about 70% when Pd metal is in equilibrium with hydrogen gas of 1 atm at 25⁰C. . . .

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Udovic, T. J.

Udovic, T.J., et al., Vibrational dynamics of hydrogen and deuterium in crystalline Pd9Si2. J. Alloys and Compounds, 1997. 253-254: p. 255.

Ueda, S.

Ueda, S., K. Yasuda, and A. Takahashi. Study of Excess Heat and Nuclear Products with Closed Electrolysis System and Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Uhm, H. S.

Uhm, H.S. and W.M. Lee, High concentration of deuterium in palladium from plasma ion implantation. Phys. Fluids B, 1991. 3: p. 3188.

Uhm, H.S. and W.M. Lee. High Deuterium Concentration in Palladium for Application to Cold Fusion. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Uhm, H.S. and W.M. Lee, High concentration of deuterium in palladium. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 75.

Ulmann, M.

Ulmann, M., et al., Surface and electrochemical characterization of Pd cathodes after prolonged charging in LiOD + D2O solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 286: p. 257.

Upadhyay, C. S.

Upadhyay, C.S., Some views on spin relativity and its impact on science. Indian J. Theo. Phys., 2000. 48: p. 149.

Urutshoev, L.

Urutshoev, L. and V.I. Liksonov, Experimental Detection of 'Strange' Radiation and Transformations of Chemical Elements. Prikl. Fiz., 2000. 4: p. 83.

Vaidya, S. N.

Vaidya, S.N. and Y.S. Mayya, The Role of Combined Electron-Deuteron Screening in D-D Fusion in Metals, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. C 3.

Vaidya, S.N. and Y.S. Mayya, The role of combined electron-deuteron screening in deuteron-deuteron fusion in metals. Pramana, 1989. 33: p. L343.

Vaidya, S.N. and Y.S. Mayya, Theory of screening-enhanced D-D fusion in metals. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Lett., Part 2, 1989. 28(12): p. 2258.

Vaidya, S.N., On the possibility of coherent deuteron-deuteron fusion in a crystalline Pd-D lattice. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 481.

Vaidya, S.N., Comments on the model for coherent deuteron-deuteron fusion in crystalline Pd-D lattice. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 112.

Vaidya, S.N., Deuteron screening, nuclear reactions in solids, and superconductivity. Fusion Technol., 1996. 29: p. 405.

Vaiman, L. A.

Vaiman, L.A., et al., Observation of reactions in cold fusion during sorption or desorption of deuterium from palladium from the gas phase. Akad. Nauk USSR, Fiz.-Mat. Nauk, 1989(6): p. 62 (in Russian).

Vakarin, S. V.

Vakarin, S.V., et al. Influence of Perfection of Sodium Tungsten Bronze Single Crystals on Neutron Emission. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Valone, T

Valone, T. One Cold Fusion Speaker is One Too Many for a Future Energy Conference. in APS April Meeting, Session S13 - General Physics. 2001. Washington.

Van der Merwe, P. T.

Van der Merwe, P.T., Enhanced fusion induced by affiliated muons. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 696.

Van Noorden, R.

Van Noorden, R., Cold fusion back on the menu, in Chemistry World. 2007.

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Van Siclen, C.D. and S.E. Jones, Piezonuclear fusion in isotopic hydrogen molecules. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 1986. 12: p. 213.

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Van Swaay, M. and C.E. Birchenall, Permeability and diffusion of hydrogen through palladium. Trans. Metal. Soc., AIME, 1960. 218: p. 285.

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Van Vucht, J.H.N. and K.H.J. Buschow, Note on the Occurrence of Intermetallic Compounds in the Lithium-Palladium System. J. Less-Common Met., 1976. 48: p. 345.

Van, J.

Van, J., Scientists Try to Put Chill on Cold Fusion, in Chicago Tribune. 1989: ChicagoEditor.

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VanVeen, R.J.A.R., Koude fusie. Ned. Tijdschr. Natuurkd., 2000. 66(4).

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Varaksin, A.N., et al., Computer modelling of phase transitions in deuterised palladium (possible mechanism of low-temperature nuclear fusion). Fiz. Metal. Metalloved., 1991(9): p. 30 (in Russian).

Vaselli, M.

Vaselli, M., et al., Screening effect of impurities in metals: a possible explanation of the process of cold nuclear fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 927.

Velev, O. A.

Velev, O.A. and R.C. Kainthla, Heat flow calorimeter with a personal-computer-based data acquisition system. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 351.

Verbruggen, A. H.

Verbruggen, A.H., C.W. Hagen, and R. Griessen, Gorsky Effect in Concentrated a-PdHx. J. Phys. F: Met. Phys., 1984. 14: p. 1431.

Veziroglu, T. N.

Veziroglu, T.N. Màssbauer Study of the Local Hydrogen Distribution Near Substitutional Impurities in ?-PdHx. in The Miami International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Energy Systems. 1981. Miami: Pergamon Press.

Veziroglu, T.N. Màssbauer Study of the Local Hydrogen Distribution Near Substitutional Impurities in b-PdHx. in The Miami International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Energy Systems. 1981. Miami: Pergamon Press.

Veziroglu, T.N. Mˆssbauer Study of the Local Hydrogen Distribution Near Substitutional Impurities in ?-PdHx. in The Miami International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Energy Systems. 1981. Miami: Pergamon Press.

Veziroglu, T.N. Mˆssbauer Study of the Local Hydrogen Distribution Near Substitutional Impurities in b-PdHx. in The Miami International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Energy Systems. 1981. Miami: Pergamon Press.

Vielstich, W.

Vielstich, W., et al., Search for neutrons from controlled deuterium concentrations in palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 303: p. 211.

Vigier, J. P.

Vigier, J.P. New Hydrogen Energies in Specially Structured Dense Media: Capillary Chemistry and Capillary Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Vigier, J.P. New Hydrogen (Deuterium) Bohr Orbits in Quantum Chemistry and Cold Fusion Processes. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.

Vigier, J.P., On cathodically polarized Pd/D systems. Phys. Lett. A, 1996. 221: p. 138.

Vignati, M.

Vignati, M. Transformation From Heat of Low Temperature Sources into Work. Fundamentals for a Maximum of Efficiency. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

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Vijh, A.K. and A. Belanger, Electrocatalysis of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Metals and Silver-Palladium Alloys in Relation to Their Electronic Configuration. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1989. 11: p. 147.

Violante, V.

Violante, V. and A. De Ninno. Collision Between Two Deuterons in Condensed Matter: Ion Trap Mechanism. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Violante, V. and A. De Ninno. Quantum mechanical description of a lattice ion trap. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Violante, V. and A. De Ninno, Lattice ion trap: a possible mechanism inducing a strong approach between two deuterons in condensed matter. Fusion Technol., 1997. 31: p. 219.

Violante, V. Extended Analysis of the Lattice Radio-Frequency Trap as Possible Collision Mechanism Between Nucleus in Condensed Matter. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Violante, V., A. Torre, and G. Dattoli, Lattice ion trap: classical and quantum description of a possible collision mechanism for deuterons in metal lattices. Fusion Technol., 1998. 34: p. 156.

Violante, V., Lattice ion-trap confinement for deuterons and protons: Possible interaction in condensed matter. Fusion Technol., 1999. 35: p. 361.

Violante, V., et al. Hydrogen Isotopes Interaction Dynamics in Palladium Lattice. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Violante, V., et al., 3 Dimensional Analysis of the Lattice Confinement Effect on ion Dynamics. Fusion Technol., 2001. 39(2 (March)).

Violante, V., et al., Three-dimensional analysis of the lattice confinement effect on ion dynamics in condensed matter and lattice effect on the d-d nuclear reaction channel. Fusion Technol., 2001. 39: p. 266.

Violante, V., et al. Metallurgical effects on the dynamic of hydrogen loading in Pd. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 A theoretical work based on computer modeling is presented in order to explain the difference on the hydrogen electrochemical loading dynamics for two shapes of palladium cathodes. Pd foils and wires have been investigated solving the transport equations, in order to study the effect of self stress propagating. The results allow us to study the influence of the stress relaxing (via dislocation slipping) on the loading process.

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Violante, V., et al. X-ray emission during electrolysis of light water on palladium and nickel thin films. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

ABSTRACT
 Electrochemical experiments have been carried out in order to investigate the emission of X-rays during electrochemical hydrogen loading of thin metallic films of Pd and Ni. An estimate of the inventory of the most significant chemical elements in the cells has also been done. The activity was developed within the framework of a cooperative research effort between ENEA and SRI. In order to minimize the background due to environmental contamination, the experimental cells were manufactured using only two materials (pure polyethylene and pure platinum). The thin films were produced by sputtering pure materials on supports made of the same pure polyethylene used for the cells.

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Violante, V., et al. Analysis Of Ni-Hydride Thin Film After Surface Plasmons Generation By Laser Technique. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

A nickel-hydride thin film was studied by the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) method. The differences between a “black” film and a pure nickel film “blank” behaviour are showed. The black Ni-hydride film has been obtained by a short electrolysis with 1 M  Li₂SO₄ electrolyte in light water. A shift in the minimum of the observed reflected light occurs, together with a change in the minimum shape, i.e. its half-height width increases. This two phenomenon are due to the change in the electronic band structure of the metal induced by the electron added in the lattice by hydrogen. The changing of the electronic structure, revealed by the laser coupling conditions, leads to consider that an hydride phase was created. Both the blank (not hydrogenated) and black (hydrogenated) specimens were taken under He-Ne laser beam at the reflectance minimum angle for about three hours. A SIMS analysis was also implemented to reveal differences in the isotopic composition of Cu, as marker element, between the blank and black films, in order to study the coupled effect of electrolysis and plasmon-polariton excitation on LENR processes in condensed matter.

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Violante, V., et al. Search For Nuclear Ashes In Electrochemical Experiments. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Electrochemical experiments have been carried out in order to identify traces of nuclear processes occurring in condensed matter. The experimental activity was primarily designed to reduce the background element impurities by using ultra-pure cleaning procedures to eliminate contamination. The working conditions allowed to obtain a clear signal from the investigated phenomena. Neutron activation, SIMS and high resolution Mass Spectrometer analysis yielded  experimental data greater than the measurement error and well above the detection limits of the instruments. The isotopic abundance has been studied for some elements and a strong difference as been observed between experimental data and natural values. A correlation has been observed between the shift of the isotopic composition and a weak emission of  X-rays, in some experiments.

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Violante, V., et al. Study Of Lattice Potentials On Low Energy Nuclear Processes In Condensed Matter. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

The phenomena of anomalous heating effects in deuterated metals gained worldwide attention through the famous announcement of "cold fusion" in 1989. Recently, a number of experiments have identified nuclear reaction products that are attributed to hydrogen or deuterium interaction with the host metal. Consequently workers have renamed this field  as “Low Energy Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Matter”. This work has used a variety of configurations and a variety of loading techniques giving reaction products ranging from Helium-4, Tritium,  to an array of heavy elements.

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Violante, V., et al. Progress In Excess Power Experiments With Electrochemical Loading Of Deuterium In Palladium. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Violante, V., et al. Progress in Excess Power Production by Laser Triggering (PowerPoint slides). in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

PowerPoint slides for the paper of the same title.

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Violante, V., et al. Progress in Excess Power Production by Laser Triggering. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Violante, V., et al. Joint Scientific Advances in Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. in 8th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen / Deuterium Loaded Metals. 2007. Sicily, Italy.

A joint effort performed by ENEA, SRI, Energetics Technologies, NRL and the University of Rome La Sapienza allowed to obtain a remarkable level of sheared reproducibility both in high loading of palladium with deuterium and in observing excess power production during calorimetric experiments. The excess heat was observed with a signal well above the measurement uncertainty, with up to 70% of reproducibility.
 
The wide-ranging scientific work carried out in optimizing the palladium electrodes and the accuracy of the calorimetry are the reasons for the success of this project.

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Violante, V., et al. Material Science on Pd-D System to Study the Occurrence of Excess Power. in ICCF-14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2008. Washington, DC.

A recent joint work [1] identified the crucial role of material science in improving control of the Pd-D system to enhance the production of excess power during electrochemical loading of palladium foils with deuterium. Very high reproducibility, close to 100%, in loading Pd up to D/Pd ~1 (atomic fraction) was achieved. High loading about the threshold value of 0.9 is considered necessary to achieve the effect. This work demonstrated it is necessary but not sufficient. As a consequence, the focus of our research moved to the material properties of cathodes, especially surface characteristics, and an effort to correlate these properties with cathode performance during electrolysis. This paper describes the material properties examined that appear to produce excess heat.

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Violante, V., et al. Evolution and Progress in Material Science for Studying the Fleischmann and Pons Effect (PowerPoint slides). in 15th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2009. Rome, Italy: ENEA.

Research Frame
 
Since 1996 in ENEA material status was identified to be responsible of the loading
 
1) Material science study to increase both reproducibilityand signals
2) Calorimetric experiments conceived to have anappropriate signal/noise ratio
3) Theoretical work to identify methods to trigger the effect

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Vokhnik, O. M.

Vokhnik, O.M., et al., Search for effects related to nuclear fusion in the optical breakdown of heavy water. Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 1992. 55(12): p. 1772.

Von Buttlar, H.

Von Buttlar, H., W. Vielstich, and H. Barth, Deuterium und tritumtrennfaktoren bei der elektrolytischen wasserstoffabscheidung. Berichte Bunsengesellschaft, 1963. 67: p. 650.

Voss, D.

Voss, D., Whatever happened to cold fusion?, in Phys World. 1999. p. 12.

Vysotskii, V.

Vysotskii, V. and R.N. Kuz'min. The Theory of Nonthreshold Cold Fusion in Solids. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

Vysotskii, V. and R. Kuz'min. On Possibility of Non-Barrier DD-Fusion in Volume of Boiling D2O During Electrolysis. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Vysotskii, V. and R.N. Kuz'min, Nonequilibrium Fermi condensate of deuterium atoms in microvoids of crystals and the problem of barrier-free cold nuclear fusion. Tech. Phys., 1994. 39(7): p. 663.

Vysotskii, V., A.A. Kornilova, and I.I. Samoylenko, Experimental discovery and investigation of the phenomenon of nuclear transmutation of isotopes in growing biological cultures. Infinite Energy, 1996. 2(10): p. 63.

Vysotskii, V., A.A. Kornilova, and I.I. Samoyloylenko. Experimental discovery of phenomenon of low-energy nuclear transformation of isotopes (Mn55=Fe57) in growing biological cultures. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Vysotskii, V., et al. Direct Observation and Experimental Investigation of the Process of Gamma-Decay Controlling in Quantum Nucleonics. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Vysotskii, V., et al. Experimental Observation and Study of Comtrolled Transmutation of Intermediate Mass Isotopes in Growing Biological Cultures. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Vysotskii, V., et al. Experimental Observation and Study of Controlled Transmutation of Intermediate Mass Isotopes in Growing Biological Cultures. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Vysotskii, V., et al., Observation and mass-spectrometry. Study of controlled transmutation of intermediate mass isotopes in growing biological cultures. Infinite Energy, 2001. 6(36): p. 64.

Vysotskii, V., et al., Observation and mass-spectrometry. Study of controlled transmutation of intermediate mass isotopes in growing biological cultures. Infinite Energy, 2001. 6(36): p. 64.

Vysotskii, V., et al. Catalytic influence of caesium on the effectiveness of nuclear transmutation on intermediate and heavy mass isotopes in growing biological cultures. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Vysotskii, V. Optimized dd-fusion without Coulomb barrier in a volume of cold gas of deuterium. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Vysotskii, V., et al. Successful Experiments On Utilization Of High-Activity Waste In The Process Of Transmutation In Growing Associations Of Microbiological Cultures. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

The problem of utilization of high-activity waste by effect of nuclear transmutation in growing associations of microbiological cultures was study. For the first time we have observed utilization of several kinds of highly active isotopes in the volume of distilled water extracted from first contour of water-water atomic reactor to nonradioactive nuclei.

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Vysotskii, V., et al. The Theory And Experimental Investigation Of Controlled Spontaneous Conversion Nuclear Decay Of Radioactive Isotopes. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

This paper paper discusses the theory and results of a direct experimental investigation into the control of internal electron conversion channels of radioactive isotopes' spontaneous decay. This occurs by controlling the action of an oriented crystal matrix on the motion of conversion electrons. The same effect takes place at any beta-processes (including at decay of a neutron with an emission of electrons and neutrino). It was shown that parameters of internal electron conversion decay greatly depended on the structure of the crystal matrix and on the distance between the excited nucleus and the crystal matrix.

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Vysotskii, V., et al. Experiments On Controlled Decontamination Of Water Mixture Of Long-Lived Active Isotopes In Biological Cells. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Vysotskii, V. and A.A. Kornilova. The Spatial Structure Of Water And The Problem Of Controlled Low Energy Nuclear Reactions In Water Matrix. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

Ordinary water has a number of unique features, among which there are its stable spatial structure and long-term “memory.” Numerous experiments confirm the existence of water memory, which is activated under the influence of various physical fields (e.g., magnetic field, mechanical impact, abrupt temperature or pressure change) and may store information about such influence for many hours and days. Such activated water has altered physical and chemical (including biochemical) features. An increasing number of reliable experiments show that the continuous model is inadequate for describing the structure of water.

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Vysotskii, V., et al. Experimental Observation And Combined Investigation Of High-Performance Fusion Of Iron-Region Isotopes In Optimal Growing Microbiological Associations. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

Vysotskii, V., A. Tashyrev, and A.A. Kornilova, Experimental Observation and Modeling of Cs-137 Isotope Deactivation and Stable Isotopes Transmutation in Biological Cells, in Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions Sourcebook. 2008, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC. p. 295-309.

Waanders, F. B.

Waanders, F.B. and J.J.A. Smit, Koue kernsmelting" (Cold fusion). Spectrum, 1990. 28: p. 46 (in Afrikaans).

Waber, J. T.

Waber, J.T. and T.L. Elifritz, The OGG-Schafroth theory of high temperature superconductivity and its relation to cold fusion. 1990.

Waber, J.T. Solid State Boson Condensation Model of Cold Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Waber, J.T. and M. de Llano, Cold Fusion as Boson Condensation in a Fermi Sea. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 496.

Waber, J.T. and O.L. Egorova-Cheesman. Boson Condensation Involved in Radiation-Less Fusion. II. Spinodal Decomposition of Palladium/Palladium Deuteride System and the Andreev Effect. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.

Waber, J.T. Synthesis of the Theory of dd Fusion with the Solid State Theory of Bipolarons. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Waber, J.T. Production of excess heat based on Bosons in, Bosons out principle. in The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2002. Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China: Tsinghua Univ. Press.

Wada, N.

Wada, N. and K. Nishizawa, Nuclear fusion in solid. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1989. 28(11): p. L2017.

This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
 Spontaneous neutron emissions were intermittently detected from activated palladium rods well soaked with deuterium gas in a closed glass bulb. By the stimulation of the palladium rods with a high voltage discharge between the rods, a burst of neutron flux 2 × 104 times larger than background was detected. Atoms or molecules of mass number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were found in the residual gas. Nuclear fusion in solid is interpreted in terms of the supersaturation of the solid solution of deuterium.

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Wada, N., Possibility of room temperature nuclear fusion. Suri Kagaku, 1990. 330: p. 69 (in Japanese).

Wagman, D. D.

Wagman, D.D., et al., The NBS Tables of Chemical Properties, Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units. J. Phys. and Chem. Ref. Data, 1982. 11(#2): p. 238.

Wagner, F. T.

Wagner, F.T., et al., A comparison of calorimetric methods applied to the electrolysis of heavy water on palladium cathodes. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 295: p. 393.

Wagner, J. E.

Wagner, J.E., A Calorimetric Study of the Palladium Hydride and Deuteride Systems ( A Preliminary Report). 1985.

Waisman, J. L.

Waisman, J.L. and N.J. Kertamus. Excess Heat; The Microprinciples. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.

Waisman, J.L. and R.H. Summerl. The pathway to commercial applications for the deuterium-palladium systems. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Wakao, S.

Wakao, S., K. Ozeki, and H. Sawa, Gamma-ray emission from hydrogen-absorbing metal cathodes in D2O. J. Adv. Sci., 1990. 2(3): p. 149 (in Japanese with English abstract).

Wallace, K.

Wallace, K. and R. Stringham. A Tribute To Gene Mallove - The "Genie" Reactor. in Eleventh International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2004. Marseille, France.

ABSTRACT
“Genie”, a 40 KHZ sonofusion reactor consists of  2 opposing 40 KHz piezos separated by 4 mm of D2O, with a centered Ti target foil, with one piezo transmitting, the other receiving and taking that signal, amplifying it, then feeding it back to the transmitter as the resonating frequency of the reactor.  This process makes for efficient watt input, Qi, where 80% of these watts will be used as the acoustic input, Qa, to the “Genie” sonofusion reactor.  In the reactor the transient cavitation bubbles, TCBs, produce billions of low energy high density jets per second that accelerate deuterons into foil targets producing excess heat, Qx.   The Qx is determined by calorimetric measurements of experiments that use coolant water circulated to the surface of the well insulated reactor and data collected in the form of T in and T out at steadystate temperatures and coolant flow rate.  The total watts out, Qo, minus Qa ideally should equal zero, and we know that this calorimetry method has several losses that are not measured.  This makes the method very conservative when looking for Qx.  The Qx must make up those heat losses before making its presence known.  The result from experiments of system I using flow x DT x 4.184 for Qo – Qi = Qx shows that Qx values over unity are the norm.  System II used a more realistic calculation for Qx where flow x DT x 4.184 for Qo – Qa = Qx showed increased results. The calibration of the reactor with a Joule heater, JH, and substituting H2O for D2O produced measurements that showed the reactor calorimetry was close to zero Qx production as one would expect.  These measurements showed that heat in = heat out, a good zero indicating no Qx, for the operation of the “Genie” sonofusion reactor.

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Walling, C.

Walling, C. and J. Simons, Two innocent chemists look at cold fusion. J. Phys. Chem., 1989. 93: p. 4693.

Walters, R. T.

Walters, R.T. and M.W. Lee, Two Plateaux for Palladium Hydride and the Effect of Helium from Tritium Decay on the Desorption Plateau Pressure for Palladium Tritide. J. Less-Common Met., 1990.

Wan, C. M.

Wan, C.M., et al. Anomalous Heat Generation/Absorption in Pd/Pd/LiOD/D2O/Pd Electrolysis System. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Wan, C.M., et al. Repeated Heat Bursts in the Electrolysis of D2O. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Wang, C.

Wang, C., et al. Identification of the Energetic Charged Particles in Gas-Loading Experiment of "Cold Fusion" Using CR-39 Plastic Track Detector. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Wang, D. L.

Wang, D.L., et al. Experimental Studies on the Anomalous Phenomenon in Pd Metal Loaded with Deuterium. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.

Wang, D.

Wang, D., et al., Neutrons, gamma-rays and x-rays in a gas discharge. Yuanzi Yu Fenzi Wuli Xuebao, 1993. 10(3): p. 2789 (in Chinese).

Wang, D., et al., Research and progress of nuclear fusion phenomenon at normal temperature. Trends Nucl. Phys., 1995. 12(4): p. 31 (in Chinese).

Wang, D. and X. Zhang, Experimental discovery of X-ray new spectral series and interpretation. High Power Laser Part. Beams, 2005. 17(9): p. 1335-1340.

Note: This paper is in Chinese. Here is the English abstract:
 
Hydrogen (deuterium) gas discharge source was used to bombard target of non-crystalloid deuterate polyethylene　polymethylmethacrylate, etc. The scattering spectrum was measured. There are several sharp X-ray spectral lines on the scattering spectrum, but the primary spectrum of the discharge does not include these lines of the scattering spectrum. It is confirmed that they are neither the characteristic X-ray of C, O or other possible impurity element, nor diffractive spectral lines, nor the ¡°absorption cut off¡±of electron bremsstrahlung spectrum. It is most likely that they are a kind of X-ray spectral series of new kind of atom state. A new theory model called small hydrogen atom was put forward to explain the spectrum. It assumes that the discharge of hydrogen gas will produce small hydrogen atoms. . . .

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Wang, K. L.

Wang, K.L., et al. Search for Better Material for Cold Fusion Experiment Using CR-39 Detector. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.

Wang, Q.

Wang, Q. and J. Dash. Effect Of An Additive On Thermal Output During Electrolysis Of Heavy Water With A Palladium Cathode. in The 12th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. 2005. Yokohama, Japan.

A titanium additive to a heavy water-sulfuric acid electrolyte has been found to increase the thermal output during electrolysis with a palladium foil cathode.  Eight runs, about six hours each, over a period of 16 days, gave an average of 1.8 watt excess thermal power output compared with a light water control cell. This is about twice the excess obtained in co-deposition experiments. The excess thermal power output ranged from 0.5 ± 0.1 W to 2.6 ± 0.1 W, which was an average of about 17 % more than the input power. The additive apparently catalyzes heat producing reactions on the surface of the palladium. After electrolysis, the Pd cathode contained localized surface concentrations of Ag, Ni, Fe, Ti, S, and Pt.

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Wang, R.

Wang, R., Remarks on the possibility of cold fusion. Commun. Theor. Phys. (China), 1990. 13: p. 549.

Wang, T.

Wang, T., et al. Anomalous Phenomena in E<18 KeV Hydrogen Ion Beam Implantation Experiments on Pd and Ti. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Wang, T., et al. Interpretation of Excess Energy in Terms of Quasi-Atom Multi-body Model. in Sixth International Conference on Cold Fusion, Progress in New Hydrogen Energy. 1996. Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Wang, T., et al. Anomalous Radiation Induced by 1-300 keV Deuteron Ion Beam Implantation on Palladium and Titanium. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Wang, T., et al. Nuclear and Atomic Cluster Effect of Deuterium Molecular Ion (D3+). in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Wang, T., et al. Study of Possible Indirect Fusion Reaction in Solids. in The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1998. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.

Wang, T., et al., Investigating the Unknown Nuclear Reaction in a Low-Energy (E<300 keV) p + T2Hx Experiment. Fusion Technol., 2000. 37: p. 146.

Wang, T., et al. Nuclear Phemonena in P+Ti2Hx Experiments. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.

Wang, T., et al. Study of the Deuterated Titanium Ti2Hx Samples by Using Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) and Materials Analysis Methods. in 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000. Lerici (La Spezia), Italy: Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy.